JPS63144749A - Motor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain the output effectively by producing dislocation between poles and armatures, and to generate the flux efficiently by eliminating the winding that straddles the slots. CONSTITUTION:A rotor 5 is to have eight poles with a geometrical angle per pole pi/4. In a stator 1 within a range of 2pi/3 to which the whole circumference 2 is divided in equal parts with 3, the multiple of the number of phases. Two wide armatures covering a mechanical angle almost the same as the angle which covers in the central angle of a pole, i.e., in an electrical angle covering the central angle of pi is provided. Then, subsequent to the wide armatures narrow armatures are arranged which cover the central angle of pi/6, narrower than the former one. Through the angle 2pi/3 the current of each phase is conducted to the stator. The pole N2 of a rotor 5 is repulsed to the armature pole NA and attracted to the armature magnetic field SB, each pole producing the force to rotate rightwards. The poles S1 of the rotor 5 and the armature pole SA as well as N1 and NA are in a neutral zone, where the force will be produced rightwards if the rotor rotates rightwards even in a small degree.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention (About Terminology) In this specification, a magnetic pole refers to a mechanical element that generates a magnetic field of a certain polarity, such as a permanent magnet or an electromagnet, and an armature refers to a rotor or a stator. A mechanical element that generates a magnetic field by winding a coil around a ferrous core, non-ferrous core, or an alternative. Also, if it is a coil that generates a magnetic field,
An air-core coil may be included if necessary. A full-pitch armature is an armature that occupies the same angle as the geometric center angle occupied by each magnetic pole, that is, an electrical angle of π.

(Prior art) In a conventional motor, an armature is used as a stator, and an alternating current is passed through it to generate a magnetic field that changes in an apparent upward rotation shape on the outside of each armature. In a device that rotates a rotor consisting of a was the norm.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) In the conventional motor as described above, since the coils are wound overlappingly and the coils are wound across the armature pole as described above, when looking at a certain moment, Current may flow simultaneously in opposite directions to the coils surrounding one armature pole, and each coil is wound across multiple armature poles, so the slot-straddling portion A coil is formed, and current is wasted in this part without directly contributing to the generation of magnetic flux.For reasons such as this, it cannot be said that the electric power used is contributing sufficiently to the generation of rotational force.

(Means and effects for solving the problem) The present invention aims to eliminate the above-mentioned unreasonable points and provide a highly efficient motor, in which one of the stator and rotor is It is composed of magnetic poles of approximately equal width obtained by equally dividing the central angle of the geometric angle 2π by an integer, and the other magnetic pole is approximately equal to the magnetic pole within the range obtained by equally dividing the central angle phase of the same 2π by a multiple of the number of phases. One or more armatures with the same width and all pitches and armatures with different widths are arranged so that the difference between the number of all armatures and the number of magnetic poles is 1. A motor, in which the magnetic poles and the armature are misaligned to effectively obtain output, and the coils wound around the armature are all wound, and the wires are wound across a slot in the middle. Therefore, magnetic flux can be efficiently generated in the armature. Then, the magnetic flux can be used efficiently to obtain high output, and since the motor itself is made of all windings, the motor itself can be made thinner and smaller, and at the same time, a motor that can obtain high output can be manufactured.

(Example) The present invention will be described in detail below based on an example shown in the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a conceptual front view of a three-phase eight-pole motor which is an embodiment of the motor of the present invention. However, the coil 4 of the fixed armature is actually wound many times per pole per coil.
To avoid complication of the drawing, the number of turns of each coil is shown as two turns.

In the figure, a stator 1 and a rotor 5 are arranged in a frame (not shown), and the rotor 5 rotates around the outer periphery of the stator 1.

The number of magnetic poles of the rotor 5 is selected based on the design, but in this case, eight poles are selected, and for this purpose, the number of magnetic poles provided on the inner circumferential surface of the rotor 5 (geometric angle 2π) is selected. N,
S is divided into equal parts by an integer, for example 8, and the angle occupied by the l-pole light is defined as a geometric angle π/4, and the structure is arranged on the inner circumferential surface of the rotor 5. Here, the rotor 5 is composed of a permanent magnet or an armature wound with a coil for flowing direct current.

On the other hand, the stator 1 has an armature 2 on its outer periphery.
... is provided, and the coil 5 is wound using the slot 3 which is the space between the armatures, but the angle occupied by the center angle of each armature is not the same. Without,
As shown in the figure, within the range of 2π/3, which is obtained by dividing the entire circumference 2π by 3, which is 1 times the number of phases, from the top of the drawing, it is approximately the same as the angle occupied by the central angle of the magnetic pole, as explained above. Arrange one or more, in this case two, armatures with a full pitch that occupies a central angle of π in mechanical angle, that is, electrical angle, and then a central angle of π/6, which is a narrower central angle. A narrow armature 2' occupying a corner is equally spaced next to the wide armature 2. Then, current is applied to the stator 1 for each phase of A, B, and C through an angle of 2π/3.

Of course, within the angle occupied by one of the wide armatures 2 and the angle occupied by one of the narrow armatures 2', the core is further divided into smaller pieces, and the magnetic poles of the armatures within each angle range are the same. The coil may be wound so that the width of the armature in the range forming the same magnetic pole is regarded as the width of one armature.

In addition, in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 above, two wide armatures were placed within the range of angles at which the currents of the two phases flow, and then a narrow armature was placed next. It can also be placed between wide armatures, which can be freely selected as a matter of design.

Incidentally, the angle occupied by each armature refers to the angle from the center to the center of each adjacent electric machine gap on the outer periphery of the stator.

Next, the operation of the motor configured as described above will be explained.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the operating principle of the three-phase eight-pole motor shown in FIG. 1.

In the figure, the upper rotor 5 and the lower stator 1 are:
The magnetic poles are shown in a developed diagram.

Of these, the rotor 5 has magnetic poles N and S of π/4 in mechanical angle.
Each area is divided into 8 equal parts.

On the other hand, each stator 1... has a geometric angle of 2π
A phase current is applied within a range of /3, a B phase current is applied within the next 2π range, and a C phase current is applied within the next range.

In this relationship, by supplying current to each phase, the armatures 2゜2' of the magnetic poles of the rotor 5...
The magnetic poles of ... are indicated by the magnetic pole symbols NA, SA, and
Excite like...

At this time, N2 is repelled by NA and attracted to SB. S2 is repelled by SB and attracted to NB, and so on until S4, all magnetic poles produce an output that rotates to the right in the drawing. However, N1 and NA, 31 and SA form a neutral zone, but if the rotor rotates even slightly to the right, N is repelled by NA and attracted to SA, and S is repelled by SA and NA An output that causes the rotor 5 to rotate clockwise is generated across all poles, such that the rotor 5 is attracted to the magnet.

And the magnetic poles N+, St, Nz... of the rotor 5
... moves to the right by π/12 in mechanical angle, the relationship between the magnetic poles of the rotor 5 and stator 1 becomes as shown in FIG. That is, at this point, the phase of the current flowing in each phase of A, B, and C advances by π/3 in electrical angle, and as shown in FIG.
The direction of the C-phase magnetic field changes, so that the polarity of the C-phase stator 1 becomes opposite to that in FIG. In order to synchronize the rotation of the motor and the phase of the current in this way, when the 3-Japanese current is applied from the outside of the motor as in the embodiment, it is necessary to
It is sufficient for the motor to reach a predetermined rotational speed, and if the motor uses a commutator and brushes or a position sensor and a switching element to generate commutation, the motor has a geometric angle of π/
It is sufficient to set the cent so that commutation occurs every 12 rotations.

Now, even after the above rotation and commutation, N1 is still repelled by NA and is attracted to SA, and Sl is also attracted to SA.
The rotor 5 is repelled by the NA and attracted by the NA.
produces an output that rotates to the right. However, S3 and S in the same figure
C, N, and NC form a neutral zone, but if the rotor rotates even slightly to the right, S3 will repel SC and be attracted to NC, and N4 will repel NC and be attracted to SC. , which also produces an output that rotates to the right across all poles. Figures 4 to 7 show the points at which the rotor 5 has moved to the right by π/12 in mechanical angle and the phase of the current flowing through stator l has advanced by π/3 in electrical angle compared to the previous time. The polarity of the rotor 5 and stator l is shown in FIG. That is, in FIG. 4, the direction of the magnetic field generated in the B phase is opposite to that in FIG. 3, and in FIG. 5, the direction of the magnetic field generated in the A phase is opposite to that in FIG. Although the magnetic poles of 2, it will be understood that the output for rotating the rotor 5 to the right (same as in the explanations in FIGS. 2 and 3) is used.

(Other Embodiments) The above description has been made using a three-phase eight-pole motor as an example, but a person skilled in the art can freely select and design the number of phases and the number of poles as long as the requirements described in the claims are satisfied. It goes without saying that the armature of the present invention may be used for the rotor 5 and the stator 1 may be a field magnet such as a permanent magnet. Examples of the term armature include when it refers to an armature and when it refers to a mechanical element as opposed to a field magnet, but the term is not limited to these.

In addition, in cases where a particularly lightweight design is required,
It is also possible to use an air-core coil as the armature of the present invention.

In addition, in order to obtain a predetermined magnetic flux distribution, for example, a wide armature 2
The coil may be wound so that the armature is divided into several parts and the divided armatures have the same polarity. (This is regarded as one armature) (Effects of the Invention) The present invention is constructed and operates as described above. In contrast to the angle occupied by the N and S magnetic poles provided equally on the inside of the rotor 5, the angle occupied by the magnetic poles in the armature 2 is A in the case of three phases.

In each phase B and C, one or more full pitch armatures occupying the same central angle as the geometric angle occupied by the magnetic poles of the rotor 5 are provided, and the total number of armatures is equal to the number of the magnetic poles 5. and 1
Since the numbers are different from each other, no matter what angle the rotor 5 is positioned with respect to the stator 1, there will always be magnetic poles that do not match each other.
Coil 4...... wound around 2'...... is,
Even though it is one pole and one coil winding, it is possible to adopt a method of winding all the windings.

Generally, such a motor produces maximum output at the moment when the magnetic poles of the rotor 5 and the magnetic poles of the armature 2 are shifted by π/2 in electrical angle, as shown in Figure 8 (A). Therefore, at the moment when the relationship as shown in FIG. 8 (B) or (C) is reached, there is a neutral zone or dead zone where no output is produced. (1) In the present invention, Each magnetic pole of the armature 2 has a relationship as shown in Figure 8 at any point in time, and the magnetic poles of the rotor 5 and the magnetic poles of the armature 2 are misaligned, which is effective for generating rotational output. This results in a motor that is lightweight compared to the weight of the iron core and coil and generates a large output.

(2) Since there is no coil spanning each iron core, the motor can be designed to be thin. (3) Since there is no magnetic flux that is canceled out at the moment of formation like in a conventional AC motor, and there is no coil that spans each iron core, the coil can be short, and therefore the inductance generated in the coil is also reduced. There are many effects such as

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a conceptual front view of a three-phase eight-pole motor that is an embodiment of the present invention, and FIGS. 2 and 3 are for explaining the operating principle of the three-phase eight-pole motor shown in FIG. Figure 4, Figure 5, Figure 6, and Figure 7 are diagrams comparing the rotor and armature, Figure 8 is the stator and rotation in the motor. It is a diagram comparing the positional relationship with the child. In the diagram, 1...stator, 2.2'...armature, 3.
...Slot, 4...Coil, 5...Rotor. Patent applicant Nippon Ferrofluidics Co., Ltd.

Claims (1)

[Claims] Of the stator and rotor, one is composed of magnetic poles of almost equal width obtained by dividing the central angle of geometric angle 2π into equal parts by an integer, and the other is composed of magnetic poles with a central angle of geometric angle 2π divided by a multiple of the number of phases. Within the equally divided range, one or more armatures with a full pitch pitch having almost the same width as the magnetic poles and an armature with a width different from this are arranged, and the total number of armatures and the number of magnetic poles are arranged. A motor configured so that the difference between