JPS63137693A - Pulverization of wood - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To crack microstructure of wood cells, loosen tissues and pulverize wood so as to enhance saccharification ratio by enzymic reaction, by compressing and pulverizing a layer of wood flour under a specific pressure and disintegrating the compressed and pulverized wood flour in a disintegrator. CONSTITUTION:Roughly crushed wood flour is passed through a raw material hopper 1, together with return flour from a surge hopper 2 from a classifier 8, fed from a feed chute 5 into a compression device 3, compressed and pulverized under >=50kg/mm<2> pressure using rollers 9 and 10 and, if necessary, the compression pulverized plate material is disintegrated by a disintegrator 6, fed to a classifier 8 by a pump 7 and classified to feed coarse particles to the surge hopper 2 and separate fine particles. Thereby the aimed pulverization product is obtained. Furthermore, the pulverization product is fed to a saccharifying vessel to carry out saccharifying treatment.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for compressing and crushing wood.

More specifically, the present invention relates to a method of compressing and pulverizing a layer of wood flour at a pressure of 50 kg/■■2 or more.

Since the saccharification rate of wood can be increased, the present invention hydrolyzes wood to obtain D-glucose from cellulose, D-xylose, D-mannose, and D-galactose from hemicellulose, and further obtains crystallized Production of glucose, ethanol, furfural, and further SC
It is important in the technical field of effective utilization of unused wood resources such as conversion to P.

(Conventional technology) With the depletion of fossil resources, the development of technologies for the use of alternative resources is progressing, and among these, the development of the use of renewable biomass is attracting attention. Wood is the most abundant biomass resource, and about 70% of its constituent components are polysaccharides consisting of cellulose and hemicellulose, and about 20 to 30% of its components are polysaccharides.
% is lignin.

About 70% of the polysaccharide present in this wood can be decomposed into a sugar solution containing glucose and the like.

Enzymatic decomposition of polysaccharides such as cellulose and hemicellulose in wood has the advantage that it can be carried out under milder conditions than chemical decomposition methods and does not require complicated equipment, but the saccharification rate of wood is is quite low, and there is an urgent need to maximize the saccharification rate of wood.

Conventionally, wood is coarsely ground into pieces of about 5 to 10 mm using a chipper machine, and then a ball mill or a vibration mill.

It is pulverized to several 1θμ particles using a pulverizer such as a pulverizer, and then subjected to a saccharification reaction treatment.

(Problem to be solved by the invention) If only the conventional grinding machine is used, the saccharification rate of the ground material is 3.
The saccharification rate is about 0%, and the saccharification rate is only increased to 40% by processing the crushed wood by re-pulverizing it.

In the present invention, the saccharification rate of wood flour is further increased to 50%.
The aim is to increase this to ~60%.

(Means for solving the problem) In the technology of directly saccharifying wood after pulverizing it, the wood is not completely dissolved by the enzyme, so a considerable amount of solid matter remains in the enzyme reaction solution, resulting in a residue. It is abandoned as.

If the saccharification rate of wood flour is low, a large amount of solid residue will be produced,
It becomes a problem.

In general, wood cells are composed of a cellulose-lignin-hemicellulose complex with a fine structure, and have a strong wall of lignin surrounding the cell mouth.

If the enzyme breaks through this lignin wall and reaches cellulose, the cellulose will undergo an enzymatic reaction and the saccharification rate will increase, but the lignin wall cannot be easily destroyed. With a general crusher, even if the material is crushed very finely, the saccharification rate is about 30 to 40% and does not increase further.

In order to further increase the saccharification rate, it is necessary to grind the microfibrils to a diameter of 250 angstroms, but this cannot be achieved with a general grinder.

In the present invention, we aim to increase the saccharification rate by creating cracks in the microstructure of wood cells and loosening the microstructure to allow enzymes to reach cellulose, rather than finely pulverizing it. It is something to do. For this purpose, a layer of wood flour is compressed and pulverized at a pressure of 50 kg/arm" or more, and if necessary, the compressed and pulverized material is pulverized using a pulverizer.

That is, in the present invention, coarsely crushed wood and finely crushed wood are sent to a compression device, where the layered wood powder is compressed at 50 kg/mm.
``The above pressure is applied to crack or loosen the hard structure of the wood cells.The compressed wood powder is compressed into a plate shape, so it can be crushed by a crusher as needed. Disintegrate.

Traditionally, when wood flour is simply made into wood powder using a pulverizer, there are no cracks in the cells, but when wood flour is ground in this way, it has been observed under a microscope that there are cracks in the cells, making it easier for enzymes to enter. Ru.

The attached drawings illustrate an example of an apparatus that can carry out the method for compressing and pulverizing wood flour according to the present invention, and the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to these drawings. do.

In Fig. 1, 1 is a raw material hopper, into which coarsely ground wood flour is placed. 2 is a surge hopper which sends the powder together with the return powder from the classifier 8 to the compression device.

The wood flour is sent to the compression device 3 through the supply chute 5 in an amount sufficient to form one layer, and is compressed by rollers 9 and 10 into 50 kg.
/mm2 or more. In addition, 4 is roller 1
0 pressurizing device.

The wood powder compressed and pulverized with a pressure of 50 kg/am" or more in a compression device comes out in the form of a plate, and this is crushed into a compressed plate by a ball mill 6. The compressed plate-shaped crushed product is It is no different from wood flour, but the cell tissue is compressed and cracked, making it easier for enzymes to act during the saccharification process.

FIG. 2 shows a state in which a layer of wood flour is sheared and compressed by rolls 9 and 10. If the rotation speeds are different, shear will be applied in addition to compression, and the cell tissue will be destroyed more violently.

FIG. 3 shows the compaction of a layer of wood flour by a roller mill. 11 compresses a layer of wood flour placed on a table 12, which is rotated once by a roller, from above. In areas slightly shifted left and right from the center of roller compression, the surface speeds of the roller and table differ, so shear is also applied in addition to compression.

The compressed and crushed crushed material is sent to a pump or blower 7
is sent to a classifier, where it is classified, and coarse particles (1, for example, 400 mesh or more) are sent again to the surge hopper, while fine particles (for example, 400 mesh or less) are sent to a saccharification tank where they are saccharified. It turns out.

In the present invention, the wood flour layer is compressed and pulverized at a pressure of 50 kg/a+m2 or more, because it crushes the wood cells or creates cracks in the wood cells, making it easier for enzymes to enter during the saccharification reaction treatment. The sixth example of the present invention is shown below, which can increase the saccharification rate to 60% or more.

Example Cedar wood is coarsely ground into 5-10 mm pieces using a chipper machine. Then, using the crushing device shown in FIG.

It is sent from the surge hopper 2 to the compression device 3, and the rollers 9 and I
The material was pressurized to 50 kg/mm2 or more using O, and the obtained pressurized product was crushed in a ball mill 6 for 1 hour.

The obtained pressure-compressed ground wood powder was suspended in a 0.1M acetate buffer solution with a pH of 5.0 at a concentration of 20% w/v, and meiselase (Meiji Seika) and cellulosin AC-40 (Ueda Chemical) were added to this. 0.96% w/v and 0.64% w/v were added, respectively, and the mixture was reacted in a saccharification tank at 40°C for 24 hours. The yield of sugars to wood flour was 48% (wood flour decomposition rate 48%).

In addition, when pressurized and compressed crushed wood powder is crushed for 2 hours, the wood powder decomposition rate increases to 60%, and for an additional 1 hour (total 3 hours).
The wood powder decomposition rate of the crushed wood increased to 66%.

As a control, the wood powder decomposition rate was 35% when coarsely ground main flour was directly crushed in a ball mill for 1 hour, excluding pressure compression crushing.
The wood powder decomposition rate was 43% for those subjected to 2-hour crushing treatment, and 50% for those subjected to 3-hour crushing treatment.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 illustrates one embodiment of the apparatus for carrying out the present invention, FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a state of compression by rolls, and FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a state of compression by a roller mill. be.

Claims (1)

[Claims] A method for crushing wood, which comprises compressing and crushing a layer of wood flour at a pressure of 50 kg/mm^2 or more, and crushing the compressed and crushed material using a crusher, if necessary.