JPS6311052A - Two-phase reluctance-type semiconductor motor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To facilitate high-speed rotation by using a high DC power supply corresponding to an output torque and a number of revolutions, steepening a rise of exciting current and causing a stored magnetic energy to return to the power supply. CONSTITUTION:Fourteen rotors 2 tor a reluctance-type two-phase motor are formed in such a manner that respective salient poles 2a-are equal in width and a space between said salient poles is also equivalent to said width. Also, a fixed armature 3 is composed of magnetic poles 3a-4h each of the same width as each width of said salient poles 2a-and exciting coils 5a-6h wound round said magnetic poles. Then, magnetic poles 3a, 3b and 3f, 3e are formed in axially symmetric positions or the like as shown in the drawing and after respective exciting coils 5a-6h have been wound round magnetic poles 3a-4h, the armature 3 and exciting coils are buried and processed into an annular shape by plastic molding. Said annulus is secured to an outer case and portions 7a-shown by dotted lines are removed by cutting to form magnetically independent electromagnets. With this, there is no leakage flux between electromagnets and the constitution of this apparatus can be simplified too.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention is applicable to a drive source for a sirocco fan in a room air conditioner, which is small and requires powerful output and high speed rotation, a drive source for an electric rotary polishing plate, or a drive source for a robot. It is used in servo devices and the like that serve as drive sources.

The device of the present invention is applied to a drive source that requires the following characteristics.

It is used when a compact or flat configuration is required, when a large output torque and/or high speed rotation are required, and when a long service life is required. It is also used when smooth torque characteristics are required to improve servo characteristics.

Since the rotor is made of only magnetic material and no coils, it will not break even during high-speed rotation, and if necessary, a flat co-phase roughtance type motor can be constructed, so it can be used to drive a sirocco fan. effective as a source.

Also, since there is no magnet, the structure is inexpensive.

Therefore, it can also be used as a general semiconductor motor. Furthermore, when using an electric motor that rotates in one direction, there is a risk that the sintered magnet will be damaged by centrifugal force, so a reinforcing device is generally required, but with the device of the present invention,
Since the rotor is made of only silicon steel plates, there is no need for reinforcement and it is easy to create a high-speed electric motor.

[Conventional technology]

Reluctance type electric motors have high output, but because the number of magnetic poles has increased and there is no field magnet, the magnetic energy accumulated in the magnetic poles is significantly large, and it takes time to input and output this energy, and the well-known lap-wound polyphase Unlike DC motors, it is impossible to achieve high speeds, and therefore only high-torque, low-speed motors are currently available.

If a rare earth magnet is used as the field magnetic pole in a high-speed, high-torque semiconductor motor that achieves the same purpose, the output torque will be large, but it will be expensive and impractical.

C. Problems to be Solved by the Present Invention] The first problem is that a reluctance semiconductor motor cannot have a large number of phases like a general commutator motor. This is because the semiconductor circuits for each phase are expensive, making them impractical.

Therefore, the magnetic energy stored in each magnetic pole becomes large, and it takes time to release and store it, resulting in high torque but not high speed.

The second problem is that especially in the case of a reluctance type electric motor with a large output torque, the number of magnetic poles in the armature is large and the gap in the magnetic path is small, so the stored magnetic energy is large and the above-mentioned disadvantages is encouraged.

This problem becomes more difficult to solve as the torque increases.

The third problem is that since the energization for each phase is 110 electrical degrees, the output torque is ineffectively energized at the beginning and end of energization, which degrades efficiency. In particular, there is a disadvantage that the loss at the final stage is significant, and therefore the efficiency is about 1/2 compared to a three-phase Y-connection motor. Also, counter torque is generated due to the discharge of stored magnetic energy,
This has the disadvantage of reducing output and efficiency.

The third problem is, as mentioned above, in the case of high-speed electric motors, a sintered magnet serves as the rotor, so damage due to centrifugal force is a problem.

A fifth problem is that when a co-phase roughtance type electric motor is used, the number of salient poles increases, making it difficult to rotate at high speed.

[Means for solving problems]

The following means are adopted to solve the zth and jth problems.

Using a high DC power supply that corresponds to the output torque and rotation speed,
By making the excitation current rise steeply and causing the stored magnetic energy to flow back to the power source, the discharge current is rapidly extinguished. In addition, the third problem is solved by reducing the energization at a predetermined angle at the beginning and end of the width of the energizing angle of 110 electrical degrees. Alternatively, the problem can be solved by making the position detection signal 110 degrees wide, with a thick central part (and a energization curve that gradually decreases at both ends). This purpose is achieved by arranging five U-shaped electromagnets at equal pitches on the circumferential surface.

[Effect]

The first effect of the device of the present invention is as follows.

The magnitude of the excitation current for specifying the output torque is controlled by inductance without energy loss and is processed independently. Therefore, the large inductance of the magnetic pole is effectively utilized for output torque. In order to keep the electrical angle within ttO degrees during energization and to use the set energization waveform, the power supply voltage is increased to achieve the purpose of circulating magnetic energy back to the power supply to achieve high speed.

As explained above, the power supply voltage is independent of the excitation current, so by using a high power supply voltage, the rise of the energizing current curve becomes steep, and the large accumulated magnetic energy is rapidly returned to the high power supply voltage. can be discharged rapidly.

Furthermore, since the current-carrying section of the excitation coil is within 180 degrees in electrical angle, in combination with the above-mentioned effect, a high-speed, high-torque rough-tance semiconductor motor can be produced. At the same time, since no invalid current is applied to the output torque, efficiency can be significantly increased. Since the magnetic poles of the armature are individual U-shaped electromagnets, there is no leakage magnetic flux between them, and the number of salient poles on the rotor is only 741, which simplifies the configuration of the C-phase rough tan machine. It has the effect of

Furthermore, since the exciting current generated by the position detection signal is large in the center and gradually decreases at both ends, it has the effect of reducing noise during rotation.

〔Example〕

FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a reluctance type co-phase electric motor. In FIG. 7, the rotor is constructed by known means of punching and laminating silicon steel plates into the shape shown. Salient pole 4. The number of λb,... is 10
The width of each of the salient poles is equal, and the gaps between the salient poles are also equal to each other.

The salient poles -α, b, . . . are arranged on the circumferential surface with equal widths and equal pitches. The symbol / is a rotating shaft, which is press-fitted into the hole with a metal sleeve lα. The rotating shaft l is rotatably supported by an outer casing (not shown) by a bearing (not shown).

The fixed armature J is made by a well-known method of punching out silicon steel plates having the shape shown and laminating them.

Symbols 3s, 3h, ..., symbols IIs, 41h, ...
is a magnetic pole.

The width of each magnetic pole is equal, and is the same as the width of salient poles -α, cob, . Also, each magnetic glue has an excitation coil! α, 5b,...
・and 4g, 4h, . . . are wound as shown in the figure.

The magnetic poles 3eL, 3h and the magnetic poles yf, , y4 are in axially symmetrical positions, and the magnetic poles 3c, 3d and the magnetic pole 31.3 are also in axially symmetrical positions. Further, the width of the space between the magnetic poles 3α, 3b, 3c, 3ti and the near e, jf, 3g, and Jk is made equal to the width of the gap in the magnetic pole.

The magnetic poles 4I scratches, ridges b, magnetic poles tie and qf are at axially symmetrical positions, and the magnetic poles 4Ie, qd, and magnetic poles 'If and dah are also at axially symmetrical positions.

After each excitation coil is wound around the magnetic pole, the armature 3 and the excitation coil are buried and molded into an annular plastic material by plastic molding. Such a plastic ring is fixed to the body. Magnetic poles 3a, 3h,...
・and magnetic pole p c.

The inner end surfaces of tab, . . . are on the same circumferential surface and face the salient pole scratches, b, . Such voids are generally on the order of 1/30-100 microns.

The plastic ring described above is fixed to an outer casing (not shown). The plastic rings are indicated by dotted lines 7a, 7b,...
The part indicated by * has been removed by cutting with a cutter. Therefore, the magnetic poles 3g, 3b and the exciting coils 3g, 1h are electromagnets that are magnetically independent from other magnetic poles.

Magnetic poles 3e, 3d, magnetic poles, 3g, 3f, magnetic poles 3f.

3, magnetic pole gα#4Ib#magnetic pole qc, qd, magnetic pole pg,
Da f, magnetic pole 95. The above-mentioned circumstances are also the same for Qk.

The coils shown by dotted lines // @ , // A, ... are position detection elements, and are fixed to the main body side, with the coil surfaces facing the salient poles s, 2b, ..., and rotated. When the child rotates in the direction of arrow C, due to the change in the induction constant,
It generates a position detection signal, the details of which will be described later with reference to FIG.

FIG. 2 is a developed view of the magnetic pole and the salient pole at 3AO degrees.

Excitation coils za and gh are connected in series or in parallel. Other exciting coils 3c, gd and zg, sf and s
g, s and excitation coils 4g, 4h, and Ac,
6dl and 6e, 6f and A! ! , A are also connected in series and in parallel. Excitation coil sa, rh, s
t.

! RF, exciting coils se, rcL, rg, sh, and salient poles α, 2b, ... are alternately energized every time they rotate by tg:o degrees (electrical angle), so the l-phase reluctance type Generates driving torque as an electric motor.

All angles shown below are in electrical angles. At this time, a large attractive force (in the axial direction) is generated between the magnetic pole 3 [phase], Jh and the magnetic pole 3C, and 3f and the salient pole, but since they cancel each other out, vibrations do not occur. It has a deterrent effect.

The above-mentioned circumstances are exactly the same for the magnetic poles 3a and 3d and the magnetic poles 3f and Jk.

The magnetic poles ya, 4th are located at a phase difference of 0 degree with respect to the magnetic poles 3a, , yb. Also, the magnetic pole lIc, at is the magnetic pole 3t,
There is a phase difference of 90 degrees with respect to Jd-.

Other magnetic poles 3g, Jf and magnetic poles IIa, qf and magnetic poles 3da,
3 and magnetic pole 4t! , ah are also similar.

Excitation coil 4eL, i, h, tse, Af and excitation coil Ae, At, 6 (1, AA, salient pole α.

When the motors B, . This output torque and the magnetic poles 3a, 3b, .
Since there is a phase difference of 90 degrees between the output torque and the output torque, it becomes a negative phase roughtance type electric motor.

Co-phase reluctance motors are well known, and the device of the present invention has magnetic poles 3a, 3h, 3C23d, 41a, ah, 41c, 1IcL.

Since ... is an independent electromagnet, it has the following effects.

Since there is no leakage magnetic flux between each electromagnet, there is no generation of counter torque. Therefore, output torque increases and efficiency increases.

For example, one salient pole may oppose both the magnetic pole 3b and the magnetic pole α, and the salient pole generates a torque in the direction of arrow C due to the magnetic pole tlC. At this time, since there is no leakage magnetic flux in the magnetic pole 3h, there is no generation of counter torque due to the attractive force between the two.

Therefore, since the gap between the magnetic poles 3b and 1 can be made smaller than that in the salient poles, there is an effect that the number of salient poles can be reduced.

This has the effect of increasing the rotational speed.

Generally, in this type of electric motor, if the number of salient poles is increased, the output torque increases, but the rotational speed decreases, so the above-mentioned configuration can provide an effective technique.

Excitation coils 3α, 5b, ... and excitation coils 61.6
h, . . . are referred to as a first phase excitation coil and a second phase excitation coil, respectively.

Although FIG. 1 shows an adductor type, the present invention can also be practiced as an abductor.

FIG. S shows an electric circuit for obtaining a position detection signal using coils //LL and //A.

-r4 t/m, //A, resistors 2sa, uh are a bridge circuit. Symbol l is an excavation circuit whose output frequency is approximately 100 kilocycles.

The coils 11a, //h are air-core coils, and when they face the salient poles 2g, 2b, . . . in FIG. The voltage drop will increase.

When only the coil //CL faces the salient pole, the voltage drop of the capacitor is input to the child terminal of the operational amplifier 19α.

The output of a resistor nh by a low-pass filter consisting of a capacitor 21 b and a resistor nb, . . . is an input to one terminal of an operational amplifier/98.

Since the operational amplifier iq cL is a linear amplifier, the output at the terminal Xa is as follows.

In the graph of Fig. 7, the coil l is placed on both sides of the salient pole b.
/ cL, // h are facing each other, the voltage drops across the resistors 22 g and u h in Figure S are equal, so terminal 2
The output of 0Φ becomes the ground level. At the same time, the output of the terminal xh also becomes the ground level. The salient pole A in Figure 7 is the arrow C
When moving in the direction, the input to the child terminal of the operational amplifier 19α decreases and the input to one terminal increases, so the output of the terminal 2DcL is held at the ground level.

The input to the child terminal of operational amplifier/9b increases, and the input to one terminal decreases, so the output of terminal l increases.

Carp AIl/h is a sudden change! When it completely faces b, the coil 1leL completely separates from the salient pole b. The output of the terminal xb at this time becomes the maximum, and thereafter this value is held.

When the center of the coil //A faces the left end of the salient pole B, the center of the coil //CL is opposite the salient pole Φ (not shown)
Since it faces the right end of the terminal Jh, the output of the terminal Jh becomes the ground level.

Next, when the salient pole α moves in the direction of arrow C, the coil l
Since ILL completely opposes the salient pole 2cL, the terminal 20
The output of α increases and the output of terminal m6 is held at ground level.

As explained above, as the rotor rotates, l
The output of the terminal ms, 20b alternates every 0 degrees, and the output becomes like the curve /6 in FIG.

The rise and fall portions at both ends of the curve gradually increase and decrease, but this degree is similar to that of Fill//8.

//The diameter of b can be freely selected from K.

The means of FIG. 5 achieves the same purpose. If the configuration is as shown, the output of the terminal Jα, xth can be deformed like a curve /AG.

Also, as shown in the upper part of Fig. 1, the coil // cL.

By the above-mentioned means, only the opposing portion of //b is
When deformed as shown by the curve l, the terminal Jα.

2I) The output of h is like the curve lhiro.

Since the l-phase output torque of a reluctance motor is generally not symmetrical, ripple torque can be controlled by making the position detection signal asymmetric and adjusting the output torque, as will be described later. Reluctance type electric motors have the following drawbacks.

First, the dotted curve 79 of the time chart in Figure 5 0)
As shown by A, the torque is extremely large at the beginning when the salient poles begin to oppose the magnetic poles, and becomes small at the end. Therefore, there is a drawback that the resultant torque is also large and includes pull torque. The following means are effective in eliminating such drawbacks.

FIG. 3 illustrates a state in which a magnetic attraction force is generated between the salient pole α and the magnetic pole 3α.

The width of the magnetic pole 3a is made smaller or larger than the width of the salient pole α. In the case of this figure, it is the former.

The torque that drives the salient pole Φ in the direction of arrow C is the magnetic flux shown by arrow J and dotted line arrow. This size is large when the facing area of the salient pole α and the magnetic pole 3a is small, that is, at the beginning, and becomes small at the final stage.

Therefore, the output torque becomes asymmetrical. For example, it looks like Figure S (gradient curve?9h).However, the arrow K.

The lines of magnetic force indicated by L are small at the beginning (and many at the end), so the torque increases more at the end than at the beginning when the two face each other.

Therefore, the output torque curve is approximately symmetrical.

Since the same means is adopted between the other salient poles and the magnetic poles, the total output torque is also symmetrical.

Such torque curves are shown in the time chart of FIG. 5 (α) as curves 7hiroa, 7hiro6. It is shown as...

Therefore, the pull torque on the resultant torque curve becomes smaller.

Further, as explained in FIG. 9, if the position detection signal is set as the curve 7da and the excitation current is proportional to this signal voltage, the torque curve shown by the curve /, 7 can be made symmetrical, Additionally, K17 has the effect of reducing pull torque. The curve /J is the curve 74 in Figure (a)! α, ? 4t h
, . . .

Second, there is a drawback that efficiency deteriorates.

The excitation current curve looks like a curved lid in FIG. 5 (LL).

At the beginning of energization, the current value is small due to the inductance of the armature coil, and becomes even smaller in the center due to the back electromotive force. In the final stage, the back electromotive force is small, so it rises rapidly,
It becomes like curve 79. This final peak value is equal to the current value at startup. In this section, since there is no output torque, there is only a joule loss, which has the disadvantage of greatly reducing efficiency. Since the curve 79 has a width of 110 degrees, the magnetic energy is discharged as shown by the dotted line 79g, which results in counter torque, further deteriorating the efficiency.

Thirdly, when the output torque is increased, that is, when the number of salient poles and magnetic poles is increased and the excitation current is increased, there is a drawback that the rotation speed becomes significantly smaller.

Generally, in a reluctance type electric motor, in order to increase the output torque, it is necessary to increase the number of magnetic poles as shown in FIG. 7 and to reduce the air gap. At this time, if the rotational speed is maintained at the required value, the magnetic poles 3a, 34 . Due to the magnetic energy stored in ..., the rising slope of the armature current becomes relatively gentle, and even if the current is cut off, the time for the discharge current due to the magnetic hydraulic power to disappear is relatively extended, Follow,
Therefore, counter torque is generated.

Due to these circumstances, the peak value of the armature current value becomes small and counter torque is also generated, so that the rotational speed becomes a small value.

As shown in the explanation of the first drawback, the torque ripple can be reduced, but especially when flat torque characteristics are required,
Problems remain.

Next, means for eliminating the above-mentioned drawbacks will be explained.

With reference to FIG. 7, the excitation coil energization control means will be explained. In FIG. 7, excitation coil A.

B is the excitation coil in Figure 1! a, j; b,! re.

zf and yoe,! rd,! l and j-n are shown respectively.

Transistors I are installed at both ends of the excitation coils A and H, respectively.
OLL, 10e and 10b, 10C1 are inserted.

Transistors 10@, 10b, 10e
, 10d are switching elements, and may be other semiconductor elements having the same effect.

Power is supplied from the positive and negative terminals of the DC power supply OA and IOOB.

When a positive electric signal is input from the AND circuit 378, the transistors 10eL and 10e become conductive, and the exciting coil A is energized. When a positive electrical signal is input from the AND circuit 3b, the transistor i.

b, /Qt are made conductive, and the excitation coil B is energized.

Terminal tI/11! , da/h is the terminal shown in Fig. 5, 26
The output of b is input to W, respectively.

These are shaped into rectangular waves by amplification circuits /AG, /44, and are input to AND circuits 37α and 37b. In the time chart of FIG. 3 (cL), such electrical signals correspond to curves 70 exposure, 70 b ,
...and curve 7/cL, ? /b,... are shown closed.

Since the pace control circuits (symbols J7G, Jris, tq, ta, etc.) of the transistors 10g and 10e have the same symbol and are shown in FIG. 6(α)K, the control means will be explained using both.

The circuit with the symbol T in FIG. 7 has the same symbol as the gradient in FIG. Then,
The outputs of terminal α and 1Irb become the outputs of points M and N in Figure S.

A reference voltage specifying the output torque is inputted from the terminal 3g in FIG. Therefore, the output of the multiplier circuit 6da is
The electrical signal is similar to the electrical signal at the terminal α, 20h in the figure, but has a different height depending on the input to the terminal 3g. Terminal 'It l! of Figure 6 (cL)! The input of is the terminal F in Figure 7.
/α and 111b, and the inputs of terminals at and b become inputs of terminal 3g.

One terminal input of the operational amplifier 6q is input from the terminal 69a. This is resistance 3 in Figure 7! This means that the voltage drop of LL, that is, the detection voltage of the excitation current is input.

The time chart in FIG. 3(h) shows the current curve flowing through the exciting coil A.

Electrical signal A2g, 6:lh, - in FIG. 5(h)
- is the oscillation circuit SS and monostable circuit SA in Figure 6 (-)
This is the output pulse due to

This output pulse causes the flip-flop circuit tag
cL, tq3 b is activated, AND circuit, 37
The input of eL is set to high level. At this time, when the position detection signal is input, the output of the upper side of the AND circuit Jα becomes the current level for tWO degrees. Therefore, the output of the AND circuit 3 also becomes a no-repel 1.

Therefore, the transistors 10a and 10e become conductive, so that the excitation current increases as shown by curve 6JS in FIG.

When the excitation current increases and exceeds the dotted line curve 12 (which is the input to the child terminal of the operational amplifier 69), the output of the operational amplifier 6de changes to a low level, and the flip-flop circuit as a , +t h is reset and the lower input of AND circuit 3riq becomes low level, so
Transistor 10α and IOC become non-conductive.

The magnetic energy accumulated in the excitation coil AK is discharged through the diode 36b, the power supply, the resistor 35α, the diode 74 (L), and this curve becomes the curve 63 in FIG. 3(h).
Denoted as b.

Since it is of the type that charges the power supply, the curve 6JA drops rapidly by increasing the applied voltage. The rise of curve 43g also becomes rapid.

Then, due to the arrival of the electrical signal 62 c, the flip-flop circuit pgs, u! Since rh is energized again, the excitation coil A starts to be energized, and the current increases as shown by the curve 63e. The energization is stopped at the intersection with the curve ♂C, and at this time the energization is started by the electric signal 62d, but this is immediately stopped and the excitation current decreases as shown by the curve 63d.

By repeating the above cycle, the excitation current curve becomes an electrical signal! It is the same shape as 2.

The curve is determined by the position detection signal (first
It is the value obtained by multiplying the curve /A) in the figure by the reference voltage (input to terminal 3g).

As can be seen from the above description, the current flowing through the excitation coil A is similar to the position detection signal, and the magnitude thereof can be changed by the reference voltage of the terminal 3g.

Under exactly the same circumstances, the energization of the excitation coil B is controlled by the position detection signal input from the terminal 'I/b, resulting in the same energization curve. Similarly, the size can be changed by inputting to the terminal 3g.

As you can see from the above explanation,! Rotates as a phase motor.

Symbol /r, , /? are FG and FV circuits, respectively, so that outputs inversely proportional to the rotational speed of the motor can be obtained. If the output of the FV circuit is used as the input of the multiplier circuit 6 instead of the input of the terminal 3g, a characteristic similar to that of a general DC machine is obtained, in which the output torque is large at low speeds and small at high speeds. It will be done.

The excitation coils A and B in Fig. 7 are the excitation coil A' in Fig. 1.
L, Ah, At, Af and excitation coils AC, Ad, Ada, and AA are shown, respectively.

1st. - The coils //e, l/d in the figure are spaced apart by IgO degrees and fixed to the main body so as to have a phase difference of 90 degrees with the coils //@, //A, and salient poles α, cob, ・...is facing.

By exactly the same circuit as in Fig. S, namely the coil l/α, //
A position detection signal is obtained from the terminals X) i and X) b by a circuit in which h is replaced with coils ii c and ii tl. Therefore, the output of these terminals: va, JA is a position detection signal. This signal has a phase difference of qo degrees from that of the coil //8, //b.

This position detection signal is generated by the AND circuit 3 α, 3
It is input to the terminals 'I/CL' and '4'/h of the control circuit, which has exactly the same structure as the 1st circuit T, 6th operational amplifier, etc. At this time, the AND circuit 3 is α.

In the upper input signal power t of 37b, curves 72G, 7h, . . . and curves 7J IL,
73 b , . . . The output of the circuit corresponding to the AND circuit 37 CL and Arc of the control circuit is inputted from the terminals 39 b and 3 de to the transistor 10 # .

/(1) The excitation current can be controlled in exactly the same way by controlling the on/off of g, 10 f, and 10 A, and the effects are also the same.

The terminal 7je serves as a detection output terminal for the voltage drop across the resistor 33b, that is, the excitation current, and the reference voltage at the terminal 3g can be used in common.

The effects of the diodes 31g, 36f, . . . are also the same.

Therefore, the rotor rotates as a co-phase reluctance type electric motor.

The features of the device of the present invention are as follows.

First, the output torque is regulated by the reference voltage at the terminal 3t and is independent of the applied voltage. The applied voltage effects the rapid accumulation and release of magnetic energy.

When a reluctance type electric motor has a high torque, a large amount of magnetic energy is accumulated, so the rotational speed decreases significantly. However, since energization similar to the position detection signal can be achieved by forcibly increasing the applied voltage, the mixture of counter torque and the delay in the rise of the current are eliminated.

Therefore, a high-speed, high-torque electric motor can be obtained, and an effective technique can be provided.

Second, since the current value is suppressed to a small value at the beginning and end of the 180-degree energization, the decrease in efficiency mentioned above regarding the gradient energization curve 7q in Fig. 5 can be prevented, and the efficiency can be equivalent to that of a general DC machine. There are benefits to be gained.

Thirdly, the energization waveform has a smooth rise and fall as seen in the position detection signal t (gradient diagram), which has the effect of preventing the induction of vibration. Also, the above-mentioned rise and fall Since the characteristics can be freely changed as explained with reference to FIG. 7, vibration can be controlled.

The error amplification circuit shown in FIG. 6(a) will be explained. FG circuit/
lr, FV circuit/7. The error amplification circuit is used for constant speed control.

The rotational speed of the electric motor is converted by the FG circuit/g to an electric pulse frequency using an encoder, and then
is changed to a voltage signal by

A reference voltage for commanding constant speed is input from the terminal 34. ' When the set speed is exceeded and increases, the output voltage of the error amplification circuit 4ZJ drops, so the input voltage on the right side of the multiplier circuit 6DA also decreases, the rotation speed drops, and the output torque also decreases. The rotation speed is balanced with the load torque.

When the set speed is exceeded and decreased, the opposite control is performed to maintain a constant speed.

Next, the circuit shown in FIG. 6(h) will be explained. Figure 6Cb)
The circuit shown in FIG. 6(a) is another means for achieving the same purpose as in FIG. 6(a).

In FIG. 6<h), the outputs of terminals 6 eL and 62b serve as inputs to points M and N in FIG. 7.

Resistor 31 CL , , ? in Fig. 7? ! A is removed,
Instead, no matter whether the excitation current flows in the forward or reverse direction,
A current detection circuit" that can obtain a positive output proportional to the current is inserted. Alternatively, the same objective can be achieved by providing a circuit that double-wave rectifies the voltage drop across the resistors 3jφ and 33h. This is the input to terminals t and oh in Figure Cb).

From the terminals 63 cL and 4j b in Fig. 6, the electric signal obtained by shaping the position detection signal of terminal 2oα in Fig. It has been entered.

A reference voltage specifying the output torque is input to the terminal 3g1 of the multiplier circuit 6tI4.

The position detection signals of the terminals 21) a and 20 h in FIG. 5 are input to the terminals tLllα and Feb, similarly to the terminals with the same symbols in FIG. 7.

A case where a position detection signal is input will be explained.

The output of the multiplier circuit 6da1 at this time is shown as a dotted line rta in the slope time chart of FIG.

When the starting end is input and the output signal of the multiplier circuit 64a is thicker than the current detection signal of the terminal 6ob,
Since the output of the operational amplifier 60 becomes ) ~ irregular, the output of the AND circuit 6 / gull becomes no irregular, the transistor "fL, 10c becomes conductive, and energization of the excitation coil A starts, and this curve is shown in Fig. S ( h) and the curve At (
It is shown as l.

Since the voltages applied to the power supply terminals ll0a and rayb are high voltages, the rising part of the armature current curve 66α becomes steep, and when the output of the current detection circuit described above becomes larger than the output of the multiplier circuit 411eL, the operational amplifier 6
The output of 0 is converted to low level and output to the AND circuit 61α.
The output of is set to low level.

Therefore, transistors 10@, 10e become non-conductive. Therefore, due to the discharge of stored magnetic energy, curve 6
A The current decreases along A. When it decreases to a predetermined value,
The output of the operational amplifier 60 becomes level 1 again, and the transistor 101! , 10 e conduct and the current increases along the curves t, b c. Such a cycle is repeated due to the hysteresis characteristic of operational amplifier 0, which serves as a positive feedback circuit. The upper and lower limits of the current are shown in Figure (b).
) is 66 with the dotted line a.

The difference in height between dotted lines 12 fi and A& is regulated by the hysteresis characteristic of opamble 0, and their height is
It is regulated by the reference voltage signal of the output torque command at the terminal 314.

Due to the above-described energization control, the energization curve has a shape similar to the curve 12m in FIG. 3(h), that is, a shape similar to the position detection signal.

Even when a position detection signal is input from the terminal 'II b, the transistor 7t) is activated by the output from the terminal 62h.
The on/off control of b, 10d is performed in the same way.

Therefore, it rotates as a /phase motor.

The situation is the same for excitation coils A and B, and Fig. 6<h
) The same energization control is performed by the circuit. Therefore, it rotates as a co-phase electric motor. The operation and effect are the same as in the previous embodiment.

Next, torque ripple control will be explained.

In a co-phase electric motor, if the l-phase torque curve is 5it-〇 and the other/phase torque curves are proportional to CO-, then 5ir-θ+Cotλθ=l, so it is known that the torque ripple disappears. It is being A means for removing torque ripple and obtaining flat torque characteristics will be explained using the time chart of FIG. 5 (LL) and FIG. 9.

In FIG. 5(1), the terminal mα of the circuit of FIG.

The curve 708°7o is obtained by shaping the output of wh into a rectangular wave.
h,...and curve? /'S, 7/h,...
・It is shown as .

Curves 72a, 72h,
... and curves 73tg, 73b+...

As described above, the torque curve when the excitation coil A in FIG. 7 is energized with a constant current of the width indicated by the position detection signals 704, 7 (7b, . . . ) curves as follows. In this torque curve, the peak value at the starting end is lowered by the means explained in FIG.

Torque curves based on other position detection signals have similar shapes, but are not shown here.

The composite torque curve of these torque curves includes a large pull torque.

As mentioned above, to eliminate such torque ripple,
Position detection signals 70G, 70h, ... and 7
By changing the energization waveforms by /a, 11h,..., the respective torque curves are curved 741! , 7A
b,... and curve 7S'S, 7j b,...
・The shape is proportional to the result of the sine curve, and although it is not shown, it is similar to the shape shown by ..., and the latter is the result curve of the sine curve, that is, the cosine curve, whose phase is delayed by qo degrees. Then, the resultant torque becomes a constant and the torque ripple is eliminated.

In the device of the present invention, as described above, the position detection signal is
Since K-similar energization waveforms can be obtained, the purpose is achieved by setting the waveform of the position detection signal so that the output torque curve becomes a sine curve.

For example, in order to change the torque curve 7 ko 1 to 5 as in the song I/5744, the position detection signal curve should be made as shown in symbol 7g.

The shape of the curve 7g may be determined by actual measurement, but it can also be determined by calculation. In the case of a reluctance motor, the torque can be calculated using the fact that it is proportional to the effect of the excitation current.

At the point @R, the curve 7IA4 is times the curve 761. Therefore, the current curve 7g may be 4G.

A position detection signal like the curve 7g can be obtained using a resolver.

Since the other position detection signals have the same shape as the curve 7g, the resultant torque curve becomes flat.

Another means for obtaining a position detection signal in the shape of 7 curves is described in the ninth section.
This will be explained with reference to the diagram.

In FIG. 4, as shown by the dotted line /3, the coil l/a,
// It was mentioned earlier that when the part facing b is deformed, the position detection signal becomes the dotted line /64, but at this time,
The shape of the dotted line is is set in advance so that the curve of dotted line/A8 is similar to the curve shown in Figure S (gradient curve 7g).

Therefore, the exciting current is applied in proportion to the curve /A4, so that the torque curve becomes a sinusoidal result curve.

Since the other position detection signals also have curves of the same shape, the output torque becomes a resultant curve of a sine curve and a cosine curve, and the resultant torque becomes flat, and the purpose is achieved.

〔effect〕

As can be understood from the explanation of each example, the rotational speed can be controlled independently by the applied voltage and the output torque can be controlled independently by the excitation current, so you can freely design a high-speed, high-torque reluctance motor according to the purpose of use. can do. Therefore, it is impossible to provide an effective means for use in fan motors, combiner motors, grinder motors, and servo motors.

In particular, in the case of a servo motor, since the rotor is simply a stack of silicon steel plates, it can be made elongated and has a small inertia, which is effective. In addition, it is possible to obtain the same output torque without using an expensive rare upper-range magnet in the rotor. Also, if necessary, ripple torque can be removed, so servo characteristics can be improved.

Since the excitation current that is ineffective to the output torque is cut off, efficiency can be increased.

Generally speaking, co-phase reluctance type electric motors also have an increased number of magnetic poles, but by configuring the motor as shown in Figure 1, the incorporation of anti-torque due to leakage magnetic flux between the magnetic poles is eliminated, and the number of magnetic poles is therefore reduced. Therefore, a reluctance motor with a small diameter, flat, and high efficiency can be obtained.

Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 3, by changing the shape of the opposing magnetic pole surfaces, the symmetry of the output torque white line can be improved.

Since the rotation speed and output torque can be changed freely and independently,
The gist of the effects of the device of the present invention, which can improve servo characteristics by utilizing such characteristics, is as follows. In other words, when it comes to high torque, especially in reluctance type electric motors,
The inductance of the excitation coil increases and counter-torque is generated, resulting in low speed. In order to prevent this and obtain high-speed, high-torque characteristics, the magnetic energy stored in the excitation coil is rapidly returned to the power supply, and the excitation current curve is regulated to be within the width of /0 degrees. The objective is to be achieved.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of an embodiment of the device of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a developed diagram thereof, FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of means for making the output torque curve symmetrical, and FIG. A graph of the position detection signal curve, Fig. 5 is a circuit diagram of the energization control circuit for the coil for position detection, Fig. 6 is a circuit diagram of a part of the energization control circuit of the excitation coil, and Fig. 7 is a circuit diagram of a part of the energization control circuit of the excitation coil. Energization control circuit diagram, 3rd
The figure shows time charts of the position detection signal, output torque, and excitation current, respectively. / , 711 ham rotation axis, -a, cob,
,, salient pole, ko...rotor, 3... fixed armature, 3a. 3IJ, ..., 4Iα, da b, ... magnetic pole, from, jb, -, b a, bh, ・, A, B, A, B,,
, excitation coil, Riα, Risu, ... deleted part, //
(, tt b, // c, // cL --
−=ril, /2. /! r...coil // 4,
// opposite part of h, /J...torque curve,
/Q, /A, /A4...Position detection signal curve, /r...
・Oscillation circuit, /94, tq b...Operational amplifier, da0'L, t101)...Power supply voltage negative pole, 10
4, /θb, /θc, 10d...transistor,
/A4, /rub... rectangular wave shaping circuit,
6 de, 60. ...Operational amplifier, 6Q, 64”A・
・Multiplication circuit, ・FV circuit, /za ・1
0 circuit, q3... error amplification circuit, SS... oscillation circuit, S6... monostable circuit, as 4, II
tb...Flip-flop circuit 1.77rt,
J71), A/4, 6/II, 7:/de circuit, 10 t, 10 f, 10 f, IO
A...Transistor, 70a, 70h,...-,7
/a,? /b, ・-・, 72cL, 724゜...
, 73α, 734. ..., 7g...position detection signal, 7hiro exposure, 7hirob, ・-, 7,1t'l
, 75 b, ..., 7 de
h, 76 g. 7A A...Torque curve, ? ? , 6J4
, &,3b,... /sAa, AAII, -, ,4 excitation current curve, 61
G, 62 A, . . . output signal to the oscillation circuit 3.

Claims (1)

[Claims] A magnetic rotor with 14 salient poles of equal pitch and equal width, and a U-shaped rotor in which the width of two magnetic poles is equal to the width of the salient poles and are spaced from each other by the width of the magnetic poles. Eight electromagnets each consisting of a magnetic core and an excitation coil wound around the magnetic core, and the magnetic pole surfaces of the electromagnets are arranged on a circumferential surface facing the salient pole surface of the rotor with a slight gap therebetween. At the same time, eight electromagnets detect the positions of the fixed armature fixed to each other at equal pitches along the same circumferential surface, and the salient poles of the rotor. The first position detection signal has a voltage curve with a voltage curve that is largest in the center and gradually decreases at both ends, and a second position of the same waveform with a phase difference of 180 degrees in electrical angle from the first position detection signal. a first position detection device that obtains a detection signal, and a second position detection device that sequentially obtains third and fourth position detection signals of the same waveform with a phase difference of 90 degrees in electrical angle from the first and second position detection signals. a position sensing device;
The eight electromagnets described above are arranged along the circumferential surface of the first, second, .
... is called the 8th electromagnet, and the excitation coils wound around the respective electromagnets are called the 1st, 2nd, . . . 8th excitation coils, then the first and fifth excitation coils are The first and second switching elements inserted between both terminals of the series or parallel connection body and the positive and negative terminals of the DC power supply, and both terminals of the series or parallel connection body of the third and seventh excitation coils and the DC power supply. Third and fourth switching elements inserted between the positive and negative terminals of the power supply, first and second diodes and third and fourth diodes connected in parallel to each of the switching elements and the excitation coil, respectively. diodes and the first and second position detection signals, the first, second, third, and fourth switching elements are energized, respectively, and the first and fifth excitation coils and the fifth excitation coil of the first phase are activated. 3. a first energization control circuit that alternately energizes the seventh excitation coil; a multiplication circuit that multiplies the first and second position detection signal voltages by a reference voltage that specifies the output torque; The output is compared with the output of the excitation current detection circuit, and when the latter is larger than the former, the excitation current is cut off, and when the latter is smaller than the former by a set value, the energization is restored, corresponding to the output of the multiplier circuit described above. a second energization control circuit that generates an excitation current; and first, second, third, and fourth diodes so that the energization curve of the first phase excitation coil has a shape proportional to the position detection signal. Via
a DC power source with a high voltage corresponding to the output torque and rotational speed configured to rapidly accumulate magnetic energy in the excitation coil and rapidly return the stored magnetic energy to the DC power source; The fifth and sixth switching elements inserted between both terminals of the series or parallel connection body of the sixth excitation coil and the positive and negative terminals of the DC power supply and the series or parallel connection of the fourth and eighth excitation coils seventh and eighth switching elements inserted between both terminals of the body and the DC power source; fifth and sixth diodes and a seventh diode connected in parallel to each of the switching elements and the excitation coil, respectively; , the eighth diode and the third and fourth position detection signals energize the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth switching elements, respectively, to excite the second and sixth phases of the second phase. a third energization control circuit that alternately energizes the coil and the fourth and eighth excitation coils; a reference voltage that specifies the output torque;
, a multiplier circuit that multiplies the fourth position detection signal voltage, and a fourth energization control circuit that compares the output of the multiplier circuit with the excitation current and performs energization control that is exactly the same as the excitation current of the first phase excitation coil. A two-phase reluctance semiconductor motor characterized by comprising: