JPS6295147A - Waste building material crusher - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Technical field to which the invention pertains) The present invention relates to a crusher that crushes so-called construction waste into small pieces, such as waste from demolishing buildings and scraps of materials from construction sites. .

(Description of Prior Art) Conventionally, when construction waste materials such as demolished wood are incinerated or buried underground as industrial waste, if the size of the waste is large, it is not only inconvenient to handle, but also difficult to transfer to the incinerator. It is inconvenient to input the waste, and when it is buried, the space ratio is large and the volumetric efficiency is poor, so the maximum size of the waste was generally limited to several cI11 squares by the receiving side. Further, during incineration, in order to remove metal pieces such as scraps and angle materials, and incombustible materials such as mortar and glass, it was necessary to crush these wastes into small pieces to a certain extent before final processing. Conventional crushers used for this purpose include those that feed waste material into multiple gears that mesh with each other with gaps between them and crush the material, and others that use gears that rotate at high speed inside a drum. A method is used in which scrap wood is applied to the surface and gradually scraped off into small pieces.

With a gear-shaped crusher, if the material you put in is too large for the teeth, it may not get stuck between the teeth and escape from the teeth, or it may get caught between the teeth, increasing resistance and making it impossible to move. There are drawbacks.

Furthermore, since a very large amount of force is required to crush the input waste material, the power required to drive the teeth is inevitably large.
The disadvantage is that the processing capacity is low despite the large amount of energy consumed. In addition, cutting types with blades that rotate at high speed,
Due to the strength of the rotating blade and the need to reduce the driving torque, the cutting amount per cutting by the blade cannot be very large.

Therefore, since the material is ground down into so-called chip-like pieces, the material is cut thinner than necessary, which has the drawback of consuming a large amount of energy. Furthermore, if hard foreign matter gets mixed into the input material, there is a drawback that the blade is likely to spill. Since cutting blades are expensive, they have low added value and are a major drawback when used as a crusher for construction waste materials that contain many foreign substances.

(Objective of the Invention) The object of the present invention is to have a large processing capacity in relation to the drive energy, to prevent the input material from getting stuck and to move, and to reduce the size and shape of the input material without limiting the size and shape of the input material. To provide a crusher for construction waste materials whose size can be appropriately selected.

(Summary of the Invention) In order to achieve the above object, in the construction waste material crusher according to the present invention, a truncated conical outer cylinder is placed with the center line of the outer cylinder horizontal, and a spiral shape is formed on the inner surface of the outer cylinder. A rib is provided, the outer cylinder is rotated by external power about the center line, and a first shaft having the same center line as the outer cylinder is inserted in the outer cylinder in the opposite direction to the outer cylinder by external power. A plurality of second shafts parallel to the first shaft were fixed on the first shaft, and a large number of teeth were rotatably supported on the second shaft. thus,
A truncated conical outer cylinder rotates on a horizontal axis, and a large number of moving teeth are arranged parallel to the central axis of the outer cylinder and rotated in the opposite direction to the outer cylinder. The gap between the inner wall of the truncated conical outer cylinder, the spiral rib provided thereon, and the rotary path movable tooth is configured to become narrower as the inner diameter of the truncated cone becomes narrower from the thicker side.

(Explanation based on examples) The present invention will be explained in more detail below using the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a side view showing an embodiment of the crusher according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a front view of the crusher as seen from the waste material input port side.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view. FIGS. 4 and 5 are cross-sectional views showing dynamic rotating teeth.

In each cycle, a truncated cone-shaped transfer member 4 is provided on the inside of an outer frame 2.2 fixed to a support frame 1 that supports the entire crusher constructed of shaped steel. outer cylinder 5
The outer periphery of a rail 6 fixed to the outer periphery of the outer cylinder 5 is sandwiched from all sides to rotatably support the outer cylinder 5. The large diameter side of the outer cylinder 5 is open, and the small diameter side is closed with a lid 7. A chain sprocket 8 is fixed to the outside of the lid 7, and the sprocket 8 is driven by a roller chain via a continuously variable transmission using external power (not shown), and the entire outer cylinder 5 integrated with the sprocket 8 is driven by a continuously variable transmission. It is configured to rotate.

A bearing 10 is located on the center line of the outer cylinder 5 via a bearing stand 9 in the outer frame 2a on the large diameter opening side of the outer cylinder 5, and supports a shaft 11. The other end of the shaft 11 is rotatably incorporated within the outer cylinder 5 by means of a flange-type bearing 12 mounted on the lid 7, regardless of the rotation of the outer cylinder 5. A pulley 13 is fixed to the tip of the shaft 11 passing through the center hole of the chain sprocket 8, and is rotationally driven via a V-belt by external power (not shown). On the shaft 11 inside the outer cylinder 5,
A plurality of flanges 14 are fixed to the shaft 11 on the outside of the shaft 11.
A plurality of axes 15 parallel to are fixed. Flange 14.
Between 14 and 14, there are swinging rotating teeth 16 and 17.
The inner diameter of the boss hole 16a (FIG. 4) provided in the dynamic tooth 16 is the same as that of the shaft 15 that passes through it.
It is approximately twice as large as the outer diameter of the .

As a result, the dynamic rotating teeth 16 rotate while being swung outward by the centripetal force as the shaft 11 rotates. Outer cylinder 5
A spiral rib 5a welded to the steel strip is provided on the inside of the rib 5a with a constant lead angle in the direction of guiding the contents from the large diameter side of the outer cylinder 5 to the small diameter side as the outer cylinder 5 rotates. It is being

In this way, while rotating the shaft 11 and the outer cylinder 5 in opposite directions, when dismantled wood, etc. from the time of demolishing a building is thrown into the outer cylinder 5 through the large diameter opening of the outer cylinder 5, the input materials are as follows: Outer cylinder 5
The spiral rib 5a is rotated in the outer cylinder by the rotation of the spiral rib 5a.
is fed into the direction of the small diameter of the drum. Eventually, the input material hits the dynamic rotating teeth 16 of the first stage, and is further fed into the outer cylinder 5 toward the small diameter side by the helical rib 5a while being broken or torn off by the impact of the teeth.

In this way, as the input material is sent to the dynamic rotating teeth of the second stage and the dynamic rotating teeth of the third stage, the input material is repeatedly crushed by cutting, plucking, etc., and is gradually broken into pieces. The gap between the dynamic rotating teeth 17 in the second stage and the outer cylinder 5 is narrower than the gap in the first stage, and becomes narrower in the third and fourth stages as the diameter of the outer cylinder 5 becomes thinner. Therefore, the input materials are sequentially chopped into small pieces. FIG. 4 shows an example of the first stage dynamic rotating tooth 16 having a substantially triangular shape. The prototype machine was made of hardened 345G steel plate with a thickness of 65 to 701 m, and
A boss hole 16a of 0 mm is provided, and a shaft 1 with a diameter of 50 lnl is provided.
I installed it through 5. This first stage dynamic rotating tooth 16 is
It acts as a sharp and heavy hammer, and dynamically rotates within the outer cylinder 5 together with the shaft 15 by crushing or breaking the materials thrown in by impact.

FIG. 5 shows a substantially gear-shaped dynamic rotating tooth 17 in the second and subsequent stages.
Here is an example. This tooth 17 is also loosely supported by a boss hole 17a with an inner diameter twice as large as the outer diameter of the shaft 15, and rotates vigorously while colliding with the input material, and the material is thrown by a gear-shaped protrusion on the outer periphery. I tear it out, scrape it, and crush it. Outer cylinder 5
The gap between the dynamic rotating teeth 16.17 and the dynamic rotating teeth 16.17 can be arbitrarily changed by changing the external dimensions of these dynamic rotating teeth 16.17.

The crushed material that has passed through the dynamic rotating teeth 17 at the final stage is
The liquid is discharged to the outside of the outer cylinder 5 through a discharge port 5b opened in the circumferential portion of the small diameter end of the outer cylinder 5 by the spiral rib 5a and the centripetal force.

(Effect of the invention) As mentioned above, by placing the outer cylinder horizontally.

The position of the material input port is lower than the conventional vertical type, making it easier to input materials. In addition, in the case of a vertically installed type, the input material may suddenly fall to the bottom of the crusher due to gravity, causing a jamming phenomenon, but in the case of the crusher according to the present invention, the spiral Since the ribs 5a allow the feed to be applied gradually, the above-mentioned inconvenience has been solved. Furthermore, by making the outer cylinder 5 into a truncated conical shape, the gap between the internal dynamic rotating teeth 16 and 17 and the outer cylinder 5 gradually narrows, making it possible to gradually and efficiently crush the outer cylinder 5. Ta.

In addition, by rotating the outer cylinder 5, the input material inside does not accumulate downward, but is uniformly swung inside the outer cylinder 5 by the circular force that accompanies the rotation of the outer cylinder 5, and is scattered. It became so.

Furthermore, by rotating the dynamic rotating teeth 16, 17 in the opposite direction to the outer cylinder 5, the impact between the material and the dynamic rotating teeth is doubled, and the material is further fed in the axial direction by the spiral rib 5a. It has become much more effective.

Furthermore, by supporting the dynamic rotating teeth 16 and 17 with sufficiently large holes on the shaft that supports them, the teeth are swung outward by the circular force accompanying the rotation, and this hits the input material. By bouncing back and moving, it was possible to increase the impact force on the tooth material. This results in
In addition to cutting with teeth as in the case of conventional crushers,
It became possible to crush by impact, further increasing the crushing ability.

In addition, since the dynamic rotating teeth of the crusher according to the present invention are loosely attached to the support shaft, they have the advantage of being easy to replace.Furthermore, although the teeth are consumables, they are not like the conventional cutting type. Since it does not require particularly expensive materials, it is economically advantageous.

By replacing the teeth with teeth having different external dimensions, the gap between the teeth and the outer cylinder can be easily changed as desired.

This means that the dimensions of the material after crushing can be changed, and unlike conventional methods, there is no need to thin the material into chips, which means less energy is wasted. As mentioned above, the object of the present invention has been fully achieved.

In the prototype machine, it was effective to rotate the outer cylinder 5 at 450 to 500 revolutions per minute and to rotate the dynamic rotating teeth 16.17 at 500 to 1000 revolutions.

Since the optimum rotation speed varies depending on the material, hardness, size, shape, etc. of the input materials, the dynamic rotating teeth were driven by an electric motor via a continuously variable transmission. For general construction waste materials, it was most appropriate to rotate the outer cylinder at 500 revolutions per minute and the dynamic rotating teeth at 70 revolutions.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view showing an embodiment of a crusher according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a front view as seen from the waste material inlet side, and FIG. 3 is a sectional view. FIGS. 4 and 5 are diagrams showing dynamic rotating teeth. 1...Support frame 2...Outer frame 3...Bearing
4... Rolling pipe 5... Outer tube 6.
...Rail 7...Lid 8...Sprocket 1-9...Bearing stand 10...Bearing 11.
...Shaft 12...Flanged bearing 13...
・Pulley 14...Flange 15...Shaft
16...Dynamic rotation tooth 17...Dynamic rotation tooth

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] A truncated conical outer cylinder having a spiral rib on its inner surface, which is placed with the center line of the cylinder horizontal and rotated using power around the center line, and an inside of the outer cylinder. a first shaft having the same center line as the outer cylinder and rotated in a direction opposite to the outer cylinder using power; and a first shaft fixed on the first axis parallel to the first axis. A construction waste material crusher comprising: a plurality of second shafts; and dynamic rotary teeth supported on the second shafts by holes sufficiently larger than the diameter of the second shafts.