JPS62501280A - Auxiliary systems for life support - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] Life support support system The present invention is designed for evacuation by diver, especially for evacuation during diving operations in deep water. secondary life support system t system, 5LS).

Conventional evacuation equipment consists of a cylinder of compressed gas for breathing with a connecting hose and a cylinder of compressed gas for breathing. Equipped with a regulator valve that allows Daiha to breathe gas from Ru. This is an open line system and the gas used for breathing is or expelled from the mask. Deep underwater (e.g. 450M5W (seawater depth m).

For diving operations at a pressure of 45 bar, the amount of breathing gas that can be carried is 300 bar. The amount of compressed gas is about 4 liters, which varies from about 20 seconds to 90 seconds depending on breathing. It only lasts for a short period of seconds.

The main system of the conventional Daiha life support system operates on the principle of demand, and the iJ 1. At all times, gas is supplied from a remote air source (e.g. water surface, diving dome, etc.) are doing. If the supply line connected to the body of the Daiha is damaged or disconnected, or If the main system fails due to getting stuck, the diver will need to evacuate immediately. Ru. The evacuation period is sufficient for Daipa to return safely to the diving dome and for rescue operations to take place. It must be a reasonable amount of time.

According to one aspect of the present invention, Daiha's life support auxiliary system supports more than one tree. Connected to separate valve and helmet or mask interface by hose equipped with a regenerated respirator vent, which is on standby during normal diving operations. In this mode, the pressure is maintained higher than that of the surrounding environment. present invention Another aspect is that when the auxiliary system for life support to die, the respiratory cent Independent valve and helmet or mask interface with one or more hoses installation is possible, and the cent is equipped with at least one auxiliary lung, moisture absorber, carbon dioxide gas eliminator, and gas is supplied into the cent in substantially constant amounts when the cent is actuated; It is equipped with a throttle valve attached to the compressed gas cylinder so that the compressed gas can be into standby mode Being maintained at a pressure higher than the pressure of the surrounding environment (overpressure) at a certain time is a particularly excellent feature. This overpressure may be approximately 4 bar, but is preferred An overpressure of approximately 0.1 to 0.2 bar is considered sufficient. SLS mentioned above The unique advantages of the system are: 1) Extension of the evacuation period through the use of regenerative ventilators What you can do, 2) Seso (by maintaining the pressure inside the seawater at an overpressure) 3) The operation of Cent in standby mode is prohibited by Daiha. The controls are designed so that neither buoyancy nor overpressure changes occur when depth changes. The objective is to be able to control the

An embodiment shown in the drawings of a specific example of an SLS evacuation regenerative ventilator exhibiting the aforementioned features. This will be explained in detail based on the following.

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the evacuation regenerative ventilator cent of the present invention, and Figure 2 is a 450M5 Expected respiration of evacuation regenerative ventilator cent at various respiration volumes at W and 250M5W FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of another evacuation respirator set according to the present invention. .

Referring to Figure 1, the diver's life support system is It has an auxiliary lung 1 connected to the helmet 3, and an independent valve on the cough helmet. 4 is equipped with a semi-closed conduit type evacuation regenerative respirator center. Prior art Regenerative breathing equipment (e.g. closed line oxygen regenerative breathing apparatus) for standard diving operations. The helmet is equipped with a pair of hoses to connect to the helmet or mask. Commonly, separate hoses are used for exhalation and inspiration. Shown in Figure 1 As such, a conventional cylinder 5 with a liquid volume of approximately 4 liters has a liquid volume of, for example, 200 to 300 liters. It is used as a means of storing feed gas at bar pressure. This supply gas outlet The pressure is regulated to a pressure higher than the environmental pressure and this cent is the actual model for evacuation. When the gas is in the Supplied individually. The supply gas has a physiologically high oxygen concentration at a partial pressure of approximately 2.5 bar. degree.

When in standby mode, this cent maintains a predetermined pressure differential with respect to external environmental pressure. has been done. The overpressure in the set in standby mode is normally up to approximately 4 bar. Generally about 0.1 to 0.2 pearls is preferred.

Inside the backpack 7, the hose 2 branches into separate hoses 8.9 for inhalation and exhalation. Walktra, P10 and carbon dioxide remover 11 are activated during the exhalation cycle. Pass. In this example, the main system components including the carbon dioxide remover 11 are: The supply water 12 from the normal diver hot water supply is heated during normal operations. Ru. It is preferable that the carrying bag 7 is shielded from external cold. stand-by By heating the carbon dioxide remover 11 in the mode, it becomes the operating mode in an emergency. Maintaining chemical absorbents (e.g. soda lime) at temperatures at which they are effective when Can be done. A heat regenerator consisting of a stack of fine wire mesh is installed upstream of the auxiliary lung. may be placed in place to prevent heat loss through the large surface area of the auxiliary lung. This center When the cut is activated, heat is removed from the exhaled gas and during inspiration the cold gas is transferred to the heat. It returns through the regenerator and removes the accumulated heat before entering the breathing system to the die. Start out.

When evacuation is necessary, the helmet valve is opened and the auxiliary lungs are immediately released from the helmet. Increase overpressure to 4 degrees inside. Depending on the nature of the emergency, an emergency supply of this gas may be effective for cleaning helmets. Mushroom valve for helmet This way all the amounts of excess gas introduced will be expelled and the helmet will be over-pressured. prevent it from becoming

In operating mode, it consists primarily of diluent, with the remainder consisting of oxygen and carbon dioxide. The exhaled gas passes through a hose and a chemical absorbent (such as soda lime) to remove carbon dioxide. After being removed, the gas reaches the auxiliary lung where it is transferred to an additional gas with a physiologically high oxygen concentration. mixed with Gas from the auxiliary lungs is re-inhaled by Daiha.

Obviously, the service life of this cent depends on the amount of additional gas supplied into the auxiliary lung. differ significantly. 1 for respiratory volumes up to 752/min RMV, as described below. A feed rate of ~2 N/min is suitable. If initially given a high partial pressure of oxygen, each breath Since only a portion of the total oxygen content is consumed with each inhalation, the same gas can be used as long as the carbon dioxide is removed. You can repeat this breath as many times as you like.

Increase the reliability of this set 1. Controlled oxygen injection to eliminate maintenance issues No electronics equipment is used.

Approximately 2.5 bar for a relatively wide range of oxygen levels that allow for satisfactory breathing If a fixed amount of mixed gas with an oxygen partial pressure of up to has been shown to provide acceptable oxygen levels.

There are many areas where special design specifications should be considered in more detail for emergency evacuation kits. exist. for example (1) Oxygen toxicity is caused by many factors, including the period of time it is breathed. Book For the purpose of the invention, the maximum design guideline for short-term evacuation is 2. ．． Oxygen partial pressures up to 5 bar are said to be acceptable. High up to 3 bar Lower values are probably acceptable, but require further study. According to the US Navy negative pressure table For example, the application of therapeutic gases containing partial pressures of oxygen up to 2.5 bar for the treatment of diving sickness. is allowed.

(2) Minimum oxygen level is permissible up to 0.2 bar, but desired minimum oxygen level is Bell is 0.4 bar.

(3) Regarding carbon dioxide, the design goal for the evacuation set is an average absorption of 20 mbar. At the end of the carbon dioxide level and eliminator's chemical life, the final It has been proposed that the intake carbon dioxide level of the

The results of a series of calculations aimed at predicting the performance of one regenerative ventilator cent. I will explain next. Separate calculations were made to assess:

Oxygen levels occurring under changes in operating conditions; - re-inhaled carbon dioxide as a function of respiratory volume; Level of gas; - Respiratory resistance and work of breathing.

Next, an overview of the calculation procedure and its results are presented.

Sanyu partial pressure Oxygen levels in the set under changing operating conditions following preliminary manual calculations Computer-based solutions have been adopted as the best means to obtain clear trends in . The approach adopted is to balance oxygen over the entire life of the set. It was. In other words, at the beginning of the experiment, the auxiliary rods etc. are in the same mixture as the gas in the cylinder. It is assumed that it is filled with gas. Over a short time interval, oxygen is from people into the system via the gas supply path, while due to physiological consumption and leakage. Escape from the system. In this way we can calculate the change in oxygen level over a short period of time. It is possible to

Table 1 is obtained for four levels of respiration at depths from 100m to 450m. The results are shown below. In each case the oxygen level decreases from the initial value to a level corresponding to the respiratory rate. Converges to a fixed value. Throughout, at the beginning of the experiment, the maximum oxygen level was approximately It was 2.5 bar. The focus level ranges from approximately 2 bar at the lowest respiration volume to the highest. It varied from 0.4 to 0.8 bar for high respiratory volumes.

The service life of this set is mainly determined by the gas flow rate, and the stored gas volume is It's time to become However, by "sparing breathing" of gas in the auxiliary rod, It is possible to gain some additional time by In general, the deeper the depth, the more of gas is consumed, and the service life of the set decreases with depth. Calculated shortest The service life of the is to breathe continuously at a flow rate of 751/min RMV at a depth of 450 m. In this case, it took about 16 minutes. The same depth can be tolerated for lower respiratory volumes. The duration will be extended to 24 minutes.

In shallow water the service life of the set may exceed approximately 25 minutes.

with oxygen profiles that correspond to more realistic breathing sequences with varying RMV. If the indicates that it is slightly longer than that obtained with the maximum RMV.

On this basis, the set has a minimum service life of 15 minutes at 450 meters underwater. If the depth is shallower, a significantly longer service life can be achieved. elect Although it does not have a ronics type oxygen partial pressure control means, it is at least necessary for evacuation. The upstream level is always within the acceptable band during a lifetime corresponding to It has been shown that there is.

Charcoal mutual exchange 2 soil Performed using the latest high-performance soda lime (MP United Drug Co., Ltd.'s 797 grade). According to tests carried out, carbon dioxide removers can be improved by using 1-2β soda lime. Effective for the desired period of time. However, some carbon dioxide gas can be removed by (1) nose pads, (2) Exhalation/inhalation hose, (3) Useless space in the last valve block is re-inhaled.

The results of calculating the partial pressure of carbon dioxide relative to the respiration volume are The level of carbon dioxide introduced is shown to be satisfactory. low respiratory volume In this case, the average inhaled carbon dioxide level increases, but it still meets the design target of It's within the revival range. Even in the worst case scenario, if you provide a little excess ventilation, it will be safe during evacuation. If it is for a short period of time, it is not a cause for concern. When the work rate is large, the respiratory rate increases. average inhaled carbon dioxide levels will be lower.

Yushishi plate owner Four resistances to breathing have been identified. i.e. friction loss in the intake/exhalation hose. loss, Friction loss in the carbon dioxide remover, mushroom-shaped pulp, and Inertia in the water surrounding the support rod (at final breathing conditions) as well as (at maximum velocity) ) is the traction effect.

Calculations for regenerated respiratory hoses are based on conventional pipe friction theory. Carbon dioxide removal The calculation of the vessel is the removal of a survival kit filled with MPUD's 797 grade soda lime. Based on tests conducted using a device. This result is true for 450M5H. converted for high flow conditions of the device. Hydraulic losses within the auxiliary lung are due to its structure It was determined based on appropriate assumptions related to the

Figure 2 summarizes the results of this calculation. The white and black circles in the figure are each 450M5 Results are presented for sets at depths of W and 2501′lSW. The dotted line represents the mechanism of breathing. The upper solid line represents the upper limit. Both data Does not show peak inspiratory/expiratory resistance because this is added to the set This is because it is due to bias. However, regarding the work of breathing, the work is low The predicted value at the rate is conservative, and the predicted value at the highest work rate of 751/min RMV is It is found to be acceptable. Because the amount of carbon dioxide absorbent is small, The work of breathing value of this regenerative evacuation respirator is satisfactory compared to the conventional regenerative respirator. It would be reasonable to think that it is.

The technical evaluation carried out confirmed the potential of this regenerative respirator for evacuation. Ta. Although it does not have a control system of electronics view≠4, level for all power rates, at least during short-term breathing during evacuation. In acceptable condition. Similarly, carbon dioxide levels and the work of breathing should not be too high. I understand.

A second embodiment of the life support support system is shown in FIG. Waiting while diving When in aircraft mode, this semi-closed conduit evacuation regenerative ventilator is connected to external environmental pressure. The pressure is maintained at 0.2 bar above the force. Due to overpressure during standby mode. The auxiliary lung 1, which is physically restrained so as not to inflate, is carried on the diver's shoulder. ing. This ensures that when the Sera I is in operational mode, the Minimizes hydrostatic pressure. When activated, the auxiliary lung 1 is released and the overpressure in the set is Expands (or partially expands) due to force. In the event of an emergency g, the diver should It is necessary to operate this regenerative ventilator set by two discrete operations:

1) When the helmet operation valve 4 is rotated, the mouthpiece 16 is turned at the same time. Appears on the entire surface of the diver's mouth.

2) Operation code 13. When you take it out and pull it, the auxiliary lung 1 is released and the SLS Converts the mode of regulator 14 and connects the gas supply to the diver's body. Switch from pipe 15 to gas cylinder 5.

When the regenerative breathing apparatus set is activated and enters evacuation mode, gas is discharged from cylinder 5 to the SLS leg. Remover/thermal regeneration of backpack 7 via regulator 14 and injection orifice throttle valve 6 flows at a controlled rate into the device housing.

When this cent is activated, Daiha puts the mouthpiece 16 in his mouth and presses against it. Breathe naturally. For exhaled gas, mouthpiece 16, helmet interface 17 through the exhalation valve 18 and into the exhalation hose 9. Inside of backpack 7 The exhaled gas then flows into the cavity below the eliminator 11 and is evenly distributed.

The gas then passes through a carbon dioxide remover 11, where it is filled with soda lime particles. Removes carbon dioxide from exhaled breath. From here, the gas flows into a large number of laminated fine meshes. It passes through a heat regenerator 19 consisting of. Due to its large surface area, this mesh laminate It absorbs heat and flows relatively cold gas through hose 2o to auxiliary lung 1 carried on the shoulder. vinegar. During inspiration, gas is drawn into the heat regenerator 19 from the auxiliary lung 1 through the hose 2o. , where the heat stored during the exhalation part of the circulation cycle is reduced. This gas is Then, it flows out of the backpack 7, passes through the intake hose 8, and passes through the intake valve 3o. It reaches the helmet interface 17, then passes through the mouthpiece 16 and reaches the Daiha. do. A diver using this regenerative ventilator in standby mode will ascend and When changing depth, a pressure difference occurs and the resulting pressure inside the regenerative ventilator Overpressure is vented through relief valve 31. On the contrary, it is deep If this occurs, additional gas is automatically supplied to this Flows into the cent.

In standby mode for diving operations, hot water is supplied to the regenerative breathing apparatus set; The hot water flows into the hot water jacket 21 around the remover/heat regenerator and pre-heats the remover/heat regenerator. heat and maintain its internal temperature at an acceptable level. After the operating mode is selected, Heat is transferred from the heat regenerator/eliminator to the breathing gas and hot water supply to the regenerator is stopped. Even in the worst case scenario, such as a shutdown, there will be no problem.

If this regenerative breathing apparatus set is activated for evacuation, it will first be used to inhale Daiha. Negative pressure may occur, in which case the demand valve 27 will operate and release the backpack. Gas is immediately injected into the box 7, creating the necessary positive pressure for optimal cent work. I will provide a.

A humidity separator is built into the carrying bag 7, and the humidity is contained in the exhaled air to the die. Collect moisture.

This SLS system can also be equipped with an air bladder, which is placed in standby mode. Under normal diving conditions, the package will expand due to a certain overpressure. It is placed under the auxiliary lung, and when the set is activated, this air bladder and the bag open. The gas contained in the bag is reversed due to the difference in hydrostatic pressure between the bag and the auxiliary lung. be. Alternatively, a small high-pressure cylinder can be used to quickly pump gas into the cent during operation. It can also be delivered rapidly to fully inflate the auxiliary lungs.

Another feature of the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 is that the pressure gauge 22. Filter 23. blowout top plug 24. Dip tube 25. Charging Connection 26. main discharge Valve 28. and a nose mask 29.

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Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Valve and helmet or mask separated by one or more hoses Diver life support equipment with regenerative breathing set connected to A support system for the regenerative breathing apparatus that is in standby mode during normal diving operations. A life support system that is maintained at a pressure higher than the external pressure of the environment. . 2. A regenerative respiratory set for a diver's life support system, the set comprising: The kit is connected to an independent valve (4) by one or more hoses (2, 8, 9). and a helmet or mask interface (17), the set comprising: At least one auxiliary lung (1), humidity absorber (10), carbon dioxide remover (11) ), and gas is supplied to the set at a substantially constant flow rate when said set is activated. The refill is equipped with a throttle valve (6) attached to the high pressure gas cylinder (5) so as to Live breathing apparatus set. 3. Equipped with an auxiliary lung (1) that is physically restrained from inflating when in standby mode. , the lung is inflatably releasable by overpressure within the set. The set described in Box No. 2. 4. Inflated by breathing gas when in standby mode, non-return valve when in operation This gas is discharged into the set through the set to assist the expansion of the auxiliary lung (1). 4. A set as claimed in claim 3, having an air bladder made of plastic. 5. Overpressure discharged into the set during operation and assisting the inflation of the auxiliary lung (1) The set as claimed in claim 3 having a pre-pressure cylinder of compressed gas providing to. 6. When in standby mode, the hot water (12) circulation pipe is used to maintain the set at a high temperature. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 5, having a jacket (21) set. 7. Laminated wire mesh to remove heat from exhaled gas and heat inspired gas Any one of claims 2 to 6, comprising a heat regenerator (19) consisting of a Sets listed in section. 8. Claims 2 to 7 have an auxiliary lung (1) that can be attached to the diver's shoulder. A set listed in any one of the sections. 9. Retractable mouthpiece inside the interface when in standby mode Claims 2 to 8 incorporating an interface (17) with (16) A set listed in any one of the sections. 10. When the set is in standby mode during normal diving operations, the pressure is higher than the external pressure of the environment. The set according to any one of claims 2 to 9, maintained in a to. 11. A regenerative respiratory set is described in any one of claims 2 to 9. life support support systems. 12. The regenerative respiratory set described with reference to the accompanying FIG. 1 or 3. 13. The life support support system described with reference to the attached FIG. 1 or FIG. 3.