JPS6248350B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS6248350B2 JPS6248350B2 JP16979980A JP16979980A JPS6248350B2 JP S6248350 B2 JPS6248350 B2 JP S6248350B2 JP 16979980 A JP16979980 A JP 16979980A JP 16979980 A JP16979980 A JP 16979980A JP S6248350 B2 JPS6248350 B2 JP S6248350B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- aluminum
- temperature coefficient
- positive temperature
- coefficient thermistor
- heat
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- SKFYTVYMYJCRET-UHFFFAOYSA-J potassium;tetrafluoroalumanuide Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[Al+3].[K+] SKFYTVYMYJCRET-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910016569 AlF 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZXRRHFSTAFVGOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [AlH3].[K] Chemical compound [AlH3].[K] ZXRRHFSTAFVGOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical group [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium titanate Chemical group [Ba+2].[Ba+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])([O-])[O-] JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002113 barium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011698 potassium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
産業上の利用分野
本発明は、簡単な構成で発熱量の大きな、正特
性サーミスタを用いた温風ヒータとして利用され
る正特性サーミスタ発熱体の製造方法に関するも
のである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Industrial Application The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a positive temperature coefficient thermistor heating element that has a simple structure and generates a large amount of heat, and is used as a hot air heater using a positive temperature coefficient thermistor. .
従来の技術
正特性サーミスタはチタン酸バリウムを主成分
とした半導体セラミクスで、第４図に示すような
抵抗―温度特性を持つている。すなわち、常温で
の抵抗値は低く、温度がスイツチング温度
（Ts）をこえると急激に高くなる。これに電圧を
印加すると正特性サーミスタは発熱し、スイツチ
ング温度（Ts）をこえると抵抗値が増大し、放
熱量とバランスして安定する。従つて、正特性サ
ーミスタはスイツチング温度（Ts）以上に大き
く過熱することはなく、安全な発熱体として利用
されている。この正特性サーミスタの発熱量は、
スイツチング温度（Ts）を高くして安定時の温
度を高くするか、その時の放熱量を大きくすれば
大きくなる。従つて、正特性サーミスタの発熱量
はスイツチング温度（Ts）および放熱量によつ
て決定され、常温抵抗値には影響されない。この
ような正特性サーミスタの発熱量を増大させるた
めには、同一のスイツチング温度（Ts）であれ
ば、表面積を増大させるか、または放熱体の正特
性サーミスタ素子との熱結合を十分良好なものに
して放熱量を増大させれば良い。このために従
来、正特性サーミスタ発熱体としてハニカム形状
の正特性サーミスタを用いたものや、薄板状の正
特性サーミスタ素子を多数平行配列して用いたハ
モニカム状のものが知られている。また、その他
に正特性サーミスタに金属放熱体を固定する方式
が考えられている。この金属放熱体をサーミスタ
素子に固定する場合、例えば単に圧着する方式、
または耐熱接着剤で固着する方式などがある。Prior Art A positive temperature coefficient thermistor is a semiconductor ceramic whose main component is barium titanate, and has resistance-temperature characteristics as shown in Figure 4. That is, the resistance value is low at room temperature, and increases rapidly when the temperature exceeds the switching temperature (Ts). When a voltage is applied to this, a positive temperature coefficient thermistor generates heat, and when the switching temperature (Ts) is exceeded, the resistance value increases and stabilizes in balance with the amount of heat dissipation. Therefore, the positive temperature coefficient thermistor does not overheat significantly above the switching temperature (Ts), and is used as a safe heating element. The amount of heat generated by this positive temperature coefficient thermistor is
This can be increased by increasing the switching temperature (Ts) to increase the stable temperature, or by increasing the amount of heat dissipated at that time. Therefore, the amount of heat generated by a PTC thermistor is determined by the switching temperature (Ts) and the amount of heat dissipation, and is not affected by the resistance value at room temperature. In order to increase the heat generation of such a PTC thermistor, if the switching temperature (Ts) is the same, the surface area must be increased, or the heat sink must have a sufficiently good thermal coupling with the PTC thermistor element. It is sufficient to increase the amount of heat dissipation. For this purpose, conventionally known PTC thermistor heating elements include those using a honeycomb-shaped PTC thermistor and those using a plurality of thin plate-shaped PTC thermistor elements arranged in parallel. In addition, another method has been considered in which a metal heat sink is fixed to a positive temperature coefficient thermistor. When fixing this metal heat sink to the thermistor element, for example, a method of simply crimping,
Alternatively, there is a method of fixing with heat-resistant adhesive.
発明が解決しようとする問題点
しかし、金属放熱体を固定する方式のうち、前
者は金属放熱体を細密化すれば放熱量が大きくな
り、発熱量（電力）の初期の値（初期特性）は十
分得られるが、断続負荷試などの加速寿命試験で
金属放熱体に常に圧力が加わつているため、変形
して試験後の電力に低減変化の傾向がみられる。
また後者はこのような劣化はなく安定であるが接
着剤のような電気的、熱的に伝導性を損なう材質
が中間に介在するために初期特性、特に発熱量が
前者より低下する傾向が避けられない。そこで、
本発明は接着剤を用いないで正特性サーミスタ素
子と放熱体を接合するもので、製造方法が簡略化
されながらその発熱量が増加し、しかも信頼性の
高い温風ヒータとして用いられる正特性サーミス
タ発熱体を提供することを目的とするものであ
る。Problems to be Solved by the Invention However, among the methods of fixing the metal heat radiator, in the former method, if the metal heat radiator is made finer, the amount of heat radiated increases, and the initial value (initial characteristics) of the heat value (power) is However, since pressure is constantly applied to the metal heat radiator during accelerated life tests such as intermittent load tests, it deforms and the power after the test tends to decrease.
In addition, the latter is stable without such deterioration, but because there is a material in between that impairs electrical and thermal conductivity, such as adhesive, the initial characteristics, especially the calorific value, tend to be lower than the former. I can't do it. Therefore,
The present invention connects a positive temperature coefficient thermistor element and a heat radiator without using an adhesive, which simplifies the manufacturing method and increases the amount of heat generated. Moreover, the positive temperature coefficient thermistor element can be used as a highly reliable hot air heater. The purpose is to provide a heating element.
問題点を解決するための手段
この問題点を解決するために本発明は、正特性
サーミスタ素子の主面上に溶射法にてアルミ層を
形成し、この溶射したサーミスタ素子と放熱体と
をフツ化アルミニウムカリ塩フラツクスを用いて
ブレージング処理にて接合する工程を有したもの
である。Means for Solving the Problem In order to solve this problem, the present invention forms an aluminum layer on the main surface of a PTC thermistor element by a thermal spraying method, and then attaches the thermally sprayed thermistor element and a heat sink. This method includes a step of joining by brazing using aluminum potassium salt flux.
作 用
この手段により、セラミツク上に溶射されたア
ルミ層と放熱体をブレージング処理で強固に接合
することにより、押え接合が不用で座屈しないた
め、形状の変化もなく、接着剤を使用しないた
め、熱伝導がよく大きな電力を得ることができ
る。また、ブレージング処理による接合に前記フ
ラツクスを用いているので、アルミニウム表面の
酸化物層を前記フラツクスで溶かしてきれいにす
ることができ水に極めて難溶性のためブレージン
グ処理後、水洗い不要となり、経済的である。Function By using this method, the aluminum layer sprayed on the ceramic and the heat dissipation body are firmly bonded by brazing treatment, which eliminates the need for pressure bonding, prevents buckling, causes no change in shape, and eliminates the use of adhesives. , it has good heat conduction and can obtain a large amount of power. In addition, since the flux is used for joining by brazing, the oxide layer on the aluminum surface can be dissolved and cleaned with the flux, and since it is extremely sparingly soluble in water, there is no need to wash it with water after brazing, making it economical. be.
実施例
第１図は本発明の一実施例により製造された正
特性サーミスタ発熱体の構成を示す断面図であ
り、第２図はその放熱体の構成を示す分解斜視図
である。第２図において、ａは波形状ユニツト、
ｂは平板状ユニツトであり、材質としてアルミニ
ウムを用いる。ここで、アルミニウム板相互の接
合手段について種々検討した結果、一方のアルミ
ニウム板としてアルミニウム薄板を用い、またも
う一方のアルミニウム板としてブレージングシー
トを用いるかまたはブレージングシート同志を用
いて、第２図のような波形状ユニツトａと平板状
ユニツトｂを準備し、これを一般に知られている
ブレージング処理によつて接合して放熱体ユニツ
ト１を形成する方法が有効であることが解つた。
この場合、ブレージングシートとしては、熱およ
び電気伝導性のすぐれた0.3mm程度の厚さのアル
ミニウム薄板心材の両面または片面にアルミニウ
ム合金ろうよりなる皮材を設けた市販のものを用
いればよい。例えば、日本軽金属(株)製の
BA21PC，BA23PC，BA24PCなどがある。この
ような材質のブレージングシートとアルミニウム
薄板を正特性サーミスタの幅に合わせて帯状に切
断し、波形状ユニツトａおよび平板状ユニツトｂ
は第２図のような形状に折曲加工する。これに
KFとAlF3からなるフツ化アルミニウムカリ塩フ
ラツクス粉末を含む泥しようを塗布し、重ね合わ
せた状態で、N2などの不活性ガス中で昇温、ろ
う付けする。例えば、20〜150℃／min程度の昇
温速度で加熱し、590〜620℃で結合される。Embodiment FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing the structure of a PTC thermistor heating element manufactured according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view showing the structure of the heat radiator. In FIG. 2, a is a waveform unit,
b is a flat unit, and aluminum is used as the material. As a result of various studies on the means for joining the aluminum plates together, we found that one of the aluminum plates could be a thin aluminum plate, and the other aluminum plate could be a brazing sheet, or two brazing sheets could be used together, as shown in Figure 2. It has been found that an effective method is to prepare a corrugated unit a and a flat plate unit b, and then join them together by a generally known brazing process to form the heat sink unit 1.
In this case, the brazing sheet may be a commercially available brazing sheet having a thin aluminum core material having excellent thermal and electrical conductivity and having a thickness of about 0.3 mm and having a skin material made of aluminum alloy solder on both or one side. For example, manufactured by Nippon Light Metal Co., Ltd.
There are BA21PC, BA23PC, BA24PC, etc. A brazing sheet and a thin aluminum plate made of such materials are cut into strips to match the width of the positive temperature coefficient thermistor, and a corrugated unit a and a flat unit b are made.
is bent into the shape shown in Figure 2. to this
A plaster containing aluminum potassium fluoride salt flux powder consisting of KF and AlF 3 is applied, and the layers are heated and brazed in an inert gas such as N 2 while stacked on top of each other. For example, they are heated at a temperature increase rate of about 20 to 150°C/min and bonded at 590 to 620°C.
ところで、第１図に示すように正特性サーミス
タ素子２の両面に溶射法により形成したアルミ層
３に対して、前記のようにして形成された放熱体
１をそれぞれのユニツトａ，ｂ相互のろう付と同
時に前記のような方法でブレージング処理する。
この場合、正特性サーミスタ素子２とアルミ層３
の密着強度をはじめ、諸特性が590〜620℃の高温
処理で変化しないことが必要である。 By the way, as shown in FIG. 1, the heat sink 1 formed as described above is attached to the aluminum layer 3 formed on both sides of the PTC thermistor element 2 by a thermal spraying method. At the same time as applying, brazing is performed using the method described above.
In this case, the positive temperature coefficient thermistor element 2 and the aluminum layer 3
It is necessary that various properties, including adhesion strength, do not change during high-temperature treatment at 590 to 620°C.
このようにして得られた第１図に示す正特性サ
ーミスタ発熱体の両面のアルミ層３をそれぞれの
電極としてアルミ層３，３間または放熱体ユニツ
ト１，１間にそれぞれ電圧Ｖを印加するようにリ
ード線を取付けて使用する。例えば、スイツチン
グ温度220℃、常温抵抗値80Ωで、大きさ30×20
×2.6mmの正特性サーミスタ素子３を、第２図に
示すそれぞれのユニツトａ，ｂで得られる凸凹の
空隙が２×５mmで、大きさが横90×縦20×奥行20
mmの放熱体を有する普通のアルミニウム板を用い
て、それぞれのユニツトａ，ｂと素子電極のアル
ミ層３を圧着方式で固着した場合をＡ、アルミニ
ウムの薄板およびブレージングシートを利用し、
それをろう付け法で固着した場合をＢとした正特
性サーミスタ発熱体に、定格電圧の1.5倍である
150Vを30分ON，30分OFFのサイクルを繰り返し
印加する加速断続負荷寿命試験を実施し、それぞ
れの常温抵抗値と発熱量の変化を調べた。その結
果を第３図に示す。ここで、曲線Ａ，Ｂは上記製
品Ａ，Ｂにおける常温抵抗値の変化、曲線A′，
B′は同じく製品Ａ，Ｂにおける発熱量の変化を示
している。ここで、常温抵抗値の変化は正特性サ
ーミスタ素子の劣化を、発熱量の変化は金属放熱
体の形状の変化や正特性サーミスタとの熱結合の
状態の変化を示している。 The aluminum layers 3 on both sides of the positive temperature coefficient thermistor heating element shown in FIG. Use by attaching the lead wire to. For example, the switching temperature is 220℃, the resistance at room temperature is 80Ω, and the size is 30×20.
A positive temperature coefficient thermistor element 3 of 2.6 mm in size is 90 mm in width, 20 mm in height, and 20 mm in depth, with uneven gaps obtained by each unit a and b shown in Fig. 2 being 2 mm by 5 mm.
A is a case in which the units a and b and the aluminum layer 3 of the element electrode are fixed by pressure bonding using an ordinary aluminum plate having a heat dissipation body of mm.
When it is fixed by brazing method, it is attached to a positive temperature coefficient thermistor heating element (B) with a voltage of 1.5 times the rated voltage.
An accelerated intermittent load life test was conducted in which 150V was repeatedly applied in cycles of 30 minutes on and 30 minutes off, and changes in the room temperature resistance and heat generation were investigated. The results are shown in FIG. Here, curves A and B represent changes in the room temperature resistance values of products A and B, and curves A',
Similarly, B' shows the change in calorific value of products A and B. Here, a change in the room temperature resistance value indicates deterioration of the PTC thermistor element, and a change in the amount of heat generated indicates a change in the shape of the metal heat sink or a change in the state of thermal coupling with the PTC thermistor.
また、同一形状で得られる加速断続負荷寿命試
験の実施前の初期の発熱量を比較すると、製品Ａ
が300W、製品Ｂが350Wとなり、Ｂのろう付法で
固着した方が約15％多く、同一の形状に対する発
熱量の効率が大きくなつている。これは、金属放
熱体と正特性サーミスタ素子との熱結合が良好に
なつているためである。 In addition, when comparing the initial calorific value before conducting the accelerated intermittent load life test obtained with the same shape, product A
is 300W, and product B is 350W, which is approximately 15% more when fixed using the brazing method of B, and the efficiency of heat generation for the same shape is greater. This is because the thermal coupling between the metal heat sink and the positive temperature coefficient thermistor element is improved.
発明の効果
以上のように本発明によれば、セラミツク上に
アルミを溶射し、これに放熱体をブレージング処
理で接合することにより、放熱体をセラミツク上
に強固に接合できる。従つて、押え接合が不用で
座屈しないため、形状の変化もなく、断続試験な
どの加速寿命試験で電力の変化もない。また、前
記の接合に接着剤を使用しないため、熱伝導がよ
く、大きな電力を得ることができる。Effects of the Invention As described above, according to the present invention, the heat radiator can be firmly bonded to the ceramic by thermally spraying aluminum onto the ceramic and bonding the heat radiator to the ceramic through brazing treatment. Therefore, there is no need for presser joints and there is no buckling, so there is no change in shape, and there is no change in power during accelerated life tests such as intermittent tests. Furthermore, since no adhesive is used for the above-mentioned bonding, heat conduction is good and a large amount of electric power can be obtained.
また、本発明によれば、ブレージング処理によ
る接合にフツ化アルミニウムカリ塩フラツクスを
用いるので、更に以下のような効果がある。 Further, according to the present invention, since aluminum potassium fluoride salt flux is used for joining by brazing treatment, the following effects can be obtained.
即ち、セラミツク上に溶射されたアルミニウム
層はミクロ的には多孔質であり、微細なキレツも
あるが、上記フラツクスは水に極めて難溶性のた
め溶射層表面や接合面に残留しても使用時にトラ
ブル（接合面の腐食や抵抗の増大等）を生じるこ
とがない。一方、上記フラツクスのアルミ面への
ぬれ性がよいので、凹凸や微細なキレツがあつて
もそれらに影響されず、接合面を全面にわたつて
きれいに接合出来る等のメリツトがある。 In other words, the aluminum layer sprayed on ceramic is microscopically porous and has small cracks, but the flux is extremely poorly soluble in water, so even if it remains on the surface of the sprayed layer or the joint surface, it will not work during use. No problems (corrosion of joint surfaces, increased resistance, etc.) occur. On the other hand, since the above-mentioned flux has good wettability to the aluminum surface, it is not affected by unevenness or minute chips, and has the advantage of being able to bond cleanly over the entire surface to be bonded.
このように非塩化系フラツクスを用いてブレー
ジング処理をおこなつたものは、耐腐食性がすぐ
れ、電気製品特に温風乾燥機のような湿度の高い
雰囲気に置かれる製品に応用した場合、一層有効
である。 Products that are brazed using non-chloride fluxes have excellent corrosion resistance and are more effective when applied to electrical products, especially products that are placed in a humid atmosphere such as hot air dryers. It is.
又、正特性サーミスタ素子は発熱体であり、膨
脹―収縮のくり返しで金属発熱体と正特性サーミ
スタ素子との接合面が剥離する可能性があるが、
本願発明では接合面にアルミニウムによる溶射層
が存在し、この溶射層が多孔質であることから上
記膨脹―収縮の変形を吸収することとなる。従つ
て、本願発明では接合面での剥離が極めて少な
く、信頼性の高い正特性サーミスタ素子を提供す
ることが出来る。 In addition, the positive temperature coefficient thermistor element is a heating element, and the bonding surface between the metal heating element and the positive temperature coefficient thermistor element may peel off due to repeated expansion and contraction.
In the present invention, there is a thermally sprayed layer of aluminum on the joint surface, and since this thermally sprayed layer is porous, it absorbs the expansion-contraction deformation described above. Therefore, the present invention can provide a highly reliable positive temperature coefficient thermistor element with extremely little peeling at the bonding surface.
第１図は本発明発熱体の構成断面図、第２図は
本発明に用いる放熱体の構成ユニツトを示す分解
斜視図、第３図はユニツト素子電極の接続手段に
よる加速寿命試験特性の一例を示す図、第４図は
正特性サーミスタの抵抗―温度特性を説明する図
である。
１……放熱体ユニツト、２……正特性サーミス
タ素子、３……正特性サーミスタ素子２の両面に
形成したアルミ層。
Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the structure of the heating element of the present invention, Fig. 2 is an exploded perspective view showing the constituent units of the heat dissipation element used in the invention, and Fig. 3 is an example of accelerated life test characteristics using connection means of unit element electrodes. The diagram shown in FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the resistance-temperature characteristics of a positive temperature coefficient thermistor. 1... Heat sink unit, 2... Positive temperature coefficient thermistor element, 3... Aluminum layer formed on both sides of the positive temperature coefficient thermistor element 2.
Claims (1)
アルミニウム層を形成した後、このアルミニウム
層に、アルミニウムからなる放熱体をフツ化アル
ミニウムカリ塩フラツクスを用いてブレージング
処理にて接合することを特徴とする正特性サーミ
スタ発熱体の製造方法。1. After forming an aluminum layer on the main surface of a positive temperature coefficient thermistor element by thermal spraying, a heat sink made of aluminum is bonded to this aluminum layer by brazing treatment using aluminum potassium fluoride salt flux. A method for manufacturing a positive temperature coefficient thermistor heating element.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP16979980A JPS5792772A (en) | 1980-12-01 | 1980-12-01 | Positive temperature coefficient thermistor heater |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP16979980A JPS5792772A (en) | 1980-12-01 | 1980-12-01 | Positive temperature coefficient thermistor heater |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS5792772A JPS5792772A (en) | 1982-06-09 |
| JPS6248350B2 true JPS6248350B2 (en) | 1987-10-13 |
Family
ID=15893100
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP16979980A Granted JPS5792772A (en) | 1980-12-01 | 1980-12-01 | Positive temperature coefficient thermistor heater |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5792772A (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0754747Y2 (en) * | 1990-02-19 | 1995-12-18 | カルソニック株式会社 | Humidifier and fan heater |
-
1980
- 1980-12-01 JP JP16979980A patent/JPS5792772A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5792772A (en) | 1982-06-09 |
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