JPS6241640B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

The present invention relates to a composite fluid fuel comprising charcoal obtained from woody biomass and herbaceous biomass, oils, and alcohol containing about 10% pine resin, and a method for producing the same. In today's modernized lifestyle, most household fuels use gasified fuels or liquid fuels with a value of 6,500 kcal/Kg or more, and various industrial boiler fuels and agricultural fuels are also easily used liquid fuels with a high calorific value. Fuel (heavy oil or kerosene) is used. However, recently there has been a shortage of fossil fuels, especially oil, and the soaring prices have led to strong calls for a move away from oil. Fuels such as firewood, processed ogalite, and wood are produced and used directly from biomass. Originally, herbaceous biomass, mainly wood, is an amorphous solid phase that contains a large amount of water in its original state, has a small apparent bulk specific gravity, and contains many oxygen atoms in its constituent components. Its absolute calorific value is low, so its range of uses as a fuel is limited. Also, the apparent specific gravity, which is a problem in transportation, is
Compared to other fuels, woody biomass and herbaceous biomass have an extremely small value of 0.8, 0.7 for coal, and 0.1 for woody biomass, low heat of combustion, and disadvantages in terms of transportation costs. There are many negative points. Therefore, there has been a desire for the development of a universal composite fluid fuel that solves these drawbacks and problems and is compatible with people's lifestyles. In view of the above-mentioned current situation, the first object of the present invention is to provide a fuel that meets these requirements and a method for producing the same by converting charcoal obtained from woody biomass and plant biomass into a fluid composite fuel. . The word biomass is often used these days, but if we define biomass, it means that it is accumulated on a quantitative scale,
It refers to living organisms that serve as resources for energy, food, and industrial raw materials, or objects that are generated as a result of biological activities. Biomass is broadly divided into terrestrial biomass and aquatic biomass. Terrestrial biomass includes starchy biomass, carbohydrate biomass,
It can be divided into wood biomass, herbaceous biomass, hydrocarbon biomass, and waste biomass. Magazine "Wood Industry" 1981 (S.56
A review of composite fluid fuels made from these materials is published on pages 10 to 16 of the May issue. A second object of the present invention is to provide an easy-to-use fluid fuel that uses charred materials of woody biomass and herbaceous biomass as raw materials. Until the 1950s, wood energy consumption accounted for 8% of total energy consumption, and every household had a bale or two of charcoal lying around. As the lives of ordinary people changed due to economic growth, household energy sources changed to electricity, gas, and oil, and firewood and charcoal disappeared from ordinary households. Even farmers in mountain villages in depopulated areas have turned to electricity and fossil fuels, but with the oil crisis in the air, it would not be surprising to see people reconsidering wood energy. However, new advances in the use of wood energy are needed before it can be brought back into the homes of ordinary people. Therefore, the inventor conducted research on creating a fluid fuel that is easy to use, and as a result, discovered a fluid fuel in which powdered carbide, oil, and alcohol exhibit a stable colloidal state, and a method for producing the fluid fuel. Carbonization of woody and herbaceous biomass is an easy method to convert wood into energy, second only to combustion, and has been widely used since ancient times. Charcoal has a higher calorific value than firewood. Dried firewood has 4500kcal/Kg, but charcoal has an average of 7000kcal/Kg, and unlike firewood, it is flameless. When wood is heated, it decomposes into gaseous substances and charcoal. This phenomenon is called wood pyrolysis. Charcoal has properties of both lignin charcoal and holocellulose charcoal. When wood is heated, water evaporates and some of the hemicellulose and lignin begin to decompose. This temperature is about 140℃. Next, hemicellulose begins to rapidly decompose, and when the temperature reaches 298°C, cellulose rapidly decomposes and generates heat.
Finally, the remaining lignin decomposes, leaving behind charcoal.
This temperature is approximately 450°C. As mentioned above, charcoal does not contain oxygen atoms in its molecular structure like firewood, so it has a high calorific value, and it is easier to pulverize it than wood, and the present invention is based on the above-mentioned various methods. In order to achieve this purpose, we added alcohol containing 10% oil and pine resin to this powdered charcoal, mixed and kneaded it in a mortar to make the charcoal into a uniform fine powder, and made this into a stable colloidal fluid fuel. Add water-soluble surfactant to
1.5%, a vegetable gelling agent or a synthetic polymer aqueous solution is added as an additive at 0.06 to 0.5% of the total weight, and the amount of water is adjusted to the total weight of the fuel to adjust the viscosity and maintain dispersion stability. The viscosity is adjusted to 10 to 25% and the viscosity is 250 to 5000 cp. The carbonized materials used in the present invention include carbonized wood biomass, carbonized herbaceous biomass (for example, carbonized rice husk, carbonized sugarcane, etc.), and waste paper. The alcohol can be either ethyl alcohol or methyl alcohol, but if you add pine tar to this alcohol,
When added at 10%, pine resin dissolves well in alcohol. As the surfactant, a neutral, aqueous type surfactant is used. Generally usable products are mixtures of α-olefin (anion), higher alcohol (anion), fatty acid (non-ion), and higher alcohol (non-ion), with some parts removed. Can be used. For example, as a simple surfactant, a mixture of a linear alkylbenzene and a higher alcohol (anion) can be used as a dispersant. Addition amount of neutral surfactant is minimum based on total weight
Requires 1.5%. The upper limit is 1.5%, and anything above that has the same effect. The auxiliary agent is preferably an aqueous solution of highly viscous vegetable substances such as sodium alginate, CMC, starch paste, molasses, guar gum, gum arabic, or a viscous liquid obtained by grinding seaweed. PEG is added to these plant-based high viscosity substances.
(Polyethylene glycol) is a mixture containing 50% of PVA (polyvinyl alcohol), etc. These are 0.06 to 0.5% of the total weight, and 250 to 250% of the total weight is added.
It is adjusted to a range of 5000 cp. Further, the water content is set to 5 to 20%. As mentioned above, this is for colloidal dispersion and for adjusting viscosity, and also because the combustibility of the fluid fuel is good within this range. Stirring to obtain the colloidal mixture of the present invention is preferably performed using a high-speed stirrer or a mortar-like grinding method. In both cases, a hot method is used since powdered coal may explode. Tables 1 to 3 show the results of typical experimental examples.
This is the calorific value measurement result of kerosene composite fuel. Furthermore, Table 2 shows the calorific value measurement results when kerosene was added to charcoal and 10% ethyl alcohol (EA) added to pine tar, depending on the weight composition. Furthermore, Table 3 shows charcoal,
These are the measurement results of the calorific value of 10% ethyl alcohol added to pine tar, and the change in water content (MC) of kerosene/water-based composite fuel.

【table】

【table】

[Table] Next, examples of the present invention will be described in more detail. Example 1 100 g of ethyl alcohol (5% water content) containing 10% rosin and 100 g of kerosene were mixed and stirred in a high-speed stirrer against 250 g of finely powdered charcoal with a water content of around 20% obtained by carbonizing forest residue. After that, water was added to the surfactant consisting of α-olefin type (anion), higher alcohol type (anion), higher alcohol type (non-ion), and fatty acid type (non-ion) to make the concentration 35%.
15g of neutral type dispersion stabilizer formulated in
(5.25g pure) and low quality molasses (30% moisture content)20
By continuing to stir at high speed while gradually adding 480 g of viscous fluid fuel. The viscosity of this fluid fuel was 2300 cp, and it remained stable with no change even when the viscosity was measured two months later. Table 4 shows the amount of preparation and calorific value in this example.

[Table] Example 2 100 g of ethyl alcohol (5% water content) containing 10% rosin and 100 g of kerosene to 300 g of powdered charcoal with a water content of around 40% obtained by carbonizing bark waste in a lumber factory.
was placed in a high-speed stirrer, mixed and stirred for about 3 minutes, and then high-speed stirring was continued while gradually adding 15 g of dispersion stabilizer (5.25 g in pure form) and 28 g of a 0.03% sodium alginate aqueous solution. viscous fluid fuel
543g obtained. The viscosity of this fluid fuel is 3100cp
After two months, the viscosity was measured, but it only showed a decrease of about 100 cp. Table 5 shows the amount of preparation and calorific value in this example.

[Table] Example 3 Ethyl alcohol with 10% rosin added to 300g of pulverized carbide with a moisture content of around 30% obtained by carbonizing agricultural waste rice husk in a flowing-effect carbonization furnace (water content 10%)
Put 100g and 100g of kerosene into a high-speed stirrer and mix and stir for about 3 minutes. After that, 18g of dispersion stabilizer
(6g in pure form) and 30g of CMC 1% aqueous solution are gradually added and high-speed stirring is continued to form a viscous fluid fuel.
You can get 748g. The viscosity of this fluid fuel is 2800cp,
When the viscosity was measured after 3 months, it was found that the viscosity had increased by about 50 cp. Table 6 shows the amount of preparation and calorific value in this example.

[Table] Example 4 Ethyl alcohol with 10% rosin added (water content 10
%) and 100 g of heavy oil A are placed in an automatic mortar and kneaded and mixed, and the carbide is finely ground in the oil and alcohol. When 20 g of dispersion stabilizer (8 g of pure material) and 20 g of 50% PEG aqueous solution are gradually added to this pulverized coal liquid while stirring is continued in an automatic mixing mortar, the viscosity increases rapidly after 10 minutes and the colloid becomes stable. 490g of liquid fuel is obtained. The viscosity of this fluid fuel was 3400 cp both immediately after production and after 3 months. Table 7 shows the amount of preparation and calorific value in this example.

[Table] Example 5 Carbide made from waste paper is easily pulverized, but it has no use as a fuel in this state. To 300 g of waste paper charcoal with a moisture content of around 5%, add 70 g of ethyl alcohol (water content 10%) containing 10% rosin and 100 g of a mixed heavy oil containing about 30% C heavy oil in A heavy oil. Approximately with a stirrer
Mix and knead for about 10 minutes. To this mixture, add 25 g of dispersion stabilizer (7 g in pure form) and 20 g of 50% PEG aqueous solution.
When stirring is continued while gradually adding 5 g of starch paste and 5 g of starch paste, 520 g of colloidal fuel that rapidly increases in viscosity and is uniformly dispersed is obtained after about 8 minutes. The viscosity of this fluid fuel was 3600 cp, and the viscosity did not change even after two months had passed. Table 8 shows the amount of preparation and calorific value in this example.

[Table] Since the present invention is constructed as described above, firstly, it is a fluid, which is advantageous for transportation, and secondly, since it is a mixture of charcoal, oil, and alcohol, it has a high calorific value of over 7000 kcal/Kg, which is common. It has the excellent effect of being able to be used sufficiently as a fuel for other purposes. Furthermore, in particular, woody biomass and herbaceous biomass will weather and decompose if left in the natural environment, but if they are carbonized, they will not decay and the carbon source can be permanently fixed, so the composite fuel of the present invention This means that production can be planned constantly throughout the four seasons. Furthermore, in the present invention, since the fluid fuel contains water, its stoichiometric air-fuel ratio is lower than that of coal, and therefore combustion is possible with a lean air mixture, and the concentration of harmful components in the exhaust gas is also low. Not only that, but it also has a high water content, so it is effective in reducing NOx.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A mixture of charred plant matter crushed to 200 mesh or less and alcohol containing rosin,
It is a mixture with oil in an amount equal to or more than its weight, and is a neutral colloidal fluid made of surfactants and gelling agents, with a water content of 10 to 20% by weight and a viscosity of 250 to 250%.
A composite fluid fuel made of carbonized plant material characterized by a range of 5000 cp. 2. To a mixture of vegetable charcoal crushed to 200 mesh or less, to which alcohol containing rosin has been added to make up to 1/2 of the weight or less, and oil in an amount equal to or more than the weight of the mixture, Add 0.5 to 1.5% of the total weight of a surfactant and a gelling agent as an auxiliary agent, adjust the pH to almost neutral and the water content to 5 to 20%, and adjust the viscosity. of
1. A method for producing a composite liquid fuel of charred plant matter, characterized in that the fuel is 250 to 5000 cp.