JPS6230781B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS6230781B2 JPS6230781B2 JP56141216A JP14121681A JPS6230781B2 JP S6230781 B2 JPS6230781 B2 JP S6230781B2 JP 56141216 A JP56141216 A JP 56141216A JP 14121681 A JP14121681 A JP 14121681A JP S6230781 B2 JPS6230781 B2 JP S6230781B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- blood
- space
- components
- present
- flow path
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000012503 blood component Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000017531 blood circulation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 210000003743 erythrocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 17
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 15
- 210000002381 plasma Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 210000004623 platelet-rich plasma Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000000601 blood cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000001772 blood platelet Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000027932 Collagen disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010018910 Haemolysis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- HTTJABKRGRZYRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heparin Chemical compound OC1C(NC(=O)C)C(O)OC(COS(O)(=O)=O)C1OC1C(OS(O)(=O)=O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(OS(O)(=O)=O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(O3)C(O)=O)OS(O)(=O)=O)C(CO)O2)NS(O)(=O)=O)C(C(O)=O)O1 HTTJABKRGRZYRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003146 anticoagulant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940127219 anticoagulant drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004087 circulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003714 granulocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012388 gravitational sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008588 hemolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960002897 heparin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000669 heparin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 210000000265 leukocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002616 plasmapheresis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005668 polycarbonate resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004431 polycarbonate resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920013716 polyethylene resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 206010039073 rheumatoid arthritis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007779 soft material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003634 thrombocyte concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- External Artificial Organs (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Description
本発明は、血液を重力の沈降作用によつて成分
分離するための改良された装置に関する。
血液は血漿成分と赤血球、白血球、血小板等の
血球成分とからなつている。近年輸血は採血され
た血液をそのまま輸血するのでなく、これらの成
分別に分離し、夫々の患者が必要とする特定の成
分だけを夫々輸血する事が多くなつている。血液
を静置すれば、血球成分は次第に沈澱して血漿が
分離されるが、その速度は遅い。その為重力によ
る沈降によらず、遠心分離機を用いる分離法が従
来広く採用されて来た。併し、この方法は高価な
遠心分離機と、その観点動力、更に安全装置等を
必要とする。
本発明者らは、このような人工的遠心力を用い
ずに重力の沈降作用によつて血液より赤血球を除
いた成分を効率よく得ることができる装置を提供
すべく鋭意検討した結果、狭い空間を流れた結果
生ずる、赤血球相互の粘着力に基づく連銭状をな
した赤血球の凝集塊はすみやかに沈降することを
見い出し、一層もしくは多層のうすい層状の血液
流路を内蔵した容器を用いることにより、血液を
遠心力場におくことなく、効率よく分離できる装
置を発明した(特開昭57−131451号公報)。
本発明者らは、このようにすぐれた特性を有す
る装置をより容易に作製するべく鋭意検討を進め
た結果、多数の細い管状の流路を通過した血液
が、やはり連銭状の凝集塊を形成し、速やかに沈
降することを見い出し、血液を遠心力場におくこ
となく、効率よく分離でき、かつ作製の容易な装
置に関する本発明を完成するに至つた。
即ち、本発明は、硬質の部材にて構成される血
液の成分分離用装置であつて、血液の導入口を有
する空間部と、該空間部と連通した断面積3cm2以
下の少なくとも1個の管状の、実質的に水平な血
液流路と、該流路の下流側に連通した空間部と、
この空間部に設けられた少なくとも2個の分離血
液成分の排出口とからなることを特徴とする血液
の成分分離用装置に関するものである。
本発明に用いられる、血液を管状に流すための
流路としては、赤血球の相互作用を大きくするた
めには細い管状の流路であることが好ましく、そ
の断面積が3cm2以下、より好ましくは0.0003cm2〜
1cm2、さらに好ましくは0.001cm2〜0.5cm2の管状の
流路が用いられる。
管状の流路において、赤血球の相互作用を大き
くするためには、長さL(cm)/断面積S(cm2)
で表したときに、L/Sが10より大きいことが望
ましい。
管状の流路の形状は、円柱状、楕円柱状、六角
柱状など形状をとわずに使用できるが、容易にた
ばね接着することが可能な、円柱状、六角柱状の
形状が好ましい。このような管状の材料を用いる
ことにより極めて容易に本発明の血液の成分分離
装置を作製することができる。
本発明に用いられる血液流路はその全容積が分
離血液成分の排出口を有する空間部とほぼ同等も
しくはそれより大きな容積をもつことが好まし
い。血液導入部を有する空間部は、本発明の装置
内に導入された血液が血液流路にできるだけ均一
に分配されて流れるためのものであり、この目的
を達するものであればどのような形状でもよい
が、その容積は小さいことが望ましい。
本発明の装置の容積は少なくとも50mlあるこ
とが実用的に望ましい。又、この装置が体外循環
を行う目的で使用される時は500ml以下であるこ
とが望ましい。
本発明の装置を好適に使用するためには、血液
を本装置の分離血液成分の排出口を有する空間部
における血液の滞留時間が2分以上になるように
流すことが望ましい。しかし、血液の滞留時間が
余り長すぎると、流せる血液量が少なくなり、得
られ分離成分の量が低下するので好ましくない。
血液流は35〜42℃、より好ましくは37〜40℃に
加温されることが望ましい。赤血球の凝集は温度
が高いほど加速されるが、余り高すぎると赤血球
の溶血などが起こり好ましくない。
本発明の装置の材質は、内圧によつて変形しな
い硬質のものであることが必要である。又、有毒
な溶出物がなく、出栓形成を起こしにくい材質で
あることが必要である。これらのことから、ポリ
カーボネート樹脂、ポリプロピレン樹脂、ポリエ
チレン樹脂、ポリ塩化ビニル樹脂、アクリル樹脂
などの合成樹脂や、アルミニウム、ステンレンス
チールなどの金属等を用いることができる。本発
明の装置の外側をシリコーン樹脂などの軟質材料
で作製し、その周囲を剛質材料、例えばアルミニ
ウムなどの金属製のシエルにて補強して用いるこ
とも可能である。金属製のシエルを用いた場合に
は、その内部にヒーターを埋設することにより、
血液の加熱を容易に行うことも可能である。
本発明における血液を流すための流路として
は、実質的に水平な方向もしくは流れ方向に対し
て上昇角度を与えるように、血液の流路を設ける
ことが望ましい。流路は平滑であることが望まし
いが、ある程度の粗面であつてもさしつかえな
い。
以下、図面で本発明の装置を説明する。
第1図は、本発明の血液成分分離用装置の一例
を示す摸式図であつて、内部が分り易いように示
してある。
第1図において、容器1は血液導入口2を有す
る空間部A3、空間部Aと連通した流路4、およ
び排出口6,7を有し、流路4と連通した空間部
B8とを有する。血液は抗凝固剤を加えられて導
入口2より、空間部A3中に導入された後、各流
路4に連続的に送りこまれる。流路4を出た血液
は空間部B8にて、上澄層と赤血球等からなる沈
澱層とに分離される。分離された夫々の成分は排
出口6,7より継続的に排出される。
排出される上澄層への沈澱層の成分の混入を抑
制するためには、光学的方法などによる検知手段
を使用することにより、各成分の排出速度を調節
することが望ましい。
本発明は以上のように、血液に遠心力を加える
ことなく極めて簡単で小型の手段によつて、いく
つかの成分に分離するための新規な装置を提供す
るものであり、赤血球濃縮血液と多血小板血漿、
赤血球濃縮血液、顆粒球濃縮血液と多血小板血漿
などの成分を取得することができる。又、得られ
た多血小板血漿より、濃縮血小板および乏血小板
血漿を得ることができる。さらに多血小板血漿中
より生体にとつて有害である物質を除去すること
によつて、治療目的を達成することも可能であ
る。
本発明の装置の使用方法を、第2図保存血を用
いた実験例にのつとつて説明すると、本発明の血
液の成分分離用装置9および保存血液用容器13
を恒温槽10中にて加温する。容器13中の血液
をポンプ11にてくみ出し、該装置9中に送血
し、装置9中にて分離した多血小板血漿をポンプ
11にくみ出し、多血小板血漿採取容器15中に
採取する。赤血球の懸知手段12にて多血小板血
漿中の赤血球濃度の上昇を検知した場合には、ポ
ンプ11ノ作動を停止する。濃厚赤血球血液は該
装置9より流出し、濃厚赤血球採取容器14中に
採取する。
以下、実施例により本発明の実施の態様をより
詳細に説明する。
実施例 1
容器としてアクリル樹脂を用い、血液導入口、
排出口および流路用管状材料としてステンレスパ
イプを使用し、第1図及び表1に示すような血液
成分分離用装置を作製した。
該装置を用い第2図に示すような血液成分分離
システムを作製し、ヘパリンにて凝固を防止さ
せ、37℃に加温した豚血液を1.5ml/分の速度で
送血し分離実験を行つた、結果を併せて表1に示
した。
The present invention relates to an improved device for separating blood components by gravitational sedimentation. Blood consists of plasma components and blood cell components such as red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. In recent years, in blood transfusions, instead of transfusing collected blood as it is, it has become increasingly common to separate the blood into its components and transfuse only the specific components needed by each patient. If blood is allowed to stand still, blood cell components will gradually precipitate and plasma will be separated, but the rate of separation is slow. For this reason, separation methods using centrifuges have been widely adopted in the past, without relying on sedimentation due to gravity. However, this method requires an expensive centrifugal separator, its power, and safety equipment. The present inventors have conducted intensive studies to provide an apparatus that can efficiently obtain components of blood excluding red blood cells through the sedimentation effect of gravity without using such artificial centrifugal force. It was discovered that the coagulated red blood cell aggregates formed as a result of the mutual adhesion of the red blood cells, which formed as a result of the mutual adhesion of the red blood cells, quickly settled. invented a device that can efficiently separate blood without placing it in a centrifugal field (Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 131451/1983). The inventors of the present invention have carried out intensive studies to more easily produce a device with such excellent characteristics, and as a result, the blood that has passed through the many thin tubular flow channels has formed coagulated clots in the form of rouleaux. The present inventors have discovered that blood is formed and rapidly precipitated, and have completed the present invention, which relates to an easy-to-manufacture device that can efficiently separate blood without placing it in a centrifugal force field. That is, the present invention provides a device for separating blood components made of a hard member, which includes a space having a blood inlet, and at least one space having a cross-sectional area of 3 cm 2 or less communicating with the space. a tubular, substantially horizontal blood flow path; a space communicating with a downstream side of the flow path;
The present invention relates to a device for separating blood components characterized by comprising at least two discharge ports for separated blood components provided in this space. The channel used in the present invention for flowing blood in a tubular shape is preferably a thin tubular channel in order to increase interaction with red blood cells, and its cross-sectional area is preferably 3 cm 2 or less, more preferably 0.0003cm 2 ~
A tubular channel of 1 cm 2 , more preferably 0.001 cm 2 to 0.5 cm 2 is used. In order to increase the interaction of red blood cells in a tubular flow path, length L (cm)/cross-sectional area S (cm 2 )
It is desirable that L/S is greater than 10. The shape of the tubular flow path can be any shape such as a cylinder, an elliptical cylinder, a hexagonal cylinder, etc., but a cylinder or a hexagonal cylinder is preferable because it can be easily attached with a spring. By using such a tubular material, the blood component separation device of the present invention can be manufactured very easily. It is preferable that the total volume of the blood flow path used in the present invention is approximately equal to or larger than the space having the discharge port for the separated blood components. The space having the blood introduction part is for the blood introduced into the device of the present invention to be distributed as uniformly as possible in the blood flow path, and may have any shape as long as it achieves this purpose. However, it is desirable that the volume be small. It is practically desirable that the volume of the device of the invention is at least 50 ml. Furthermore, when this device is used for the purpose of extracorporeal circulation, it is desirable that the volume be 500 ml or less. In order to suitably use the device of the present invention, it is desirable to allow blood to flow so that the residence time of the blood in the space having the discharge port for the separated blood components of the device is 2 minutes or more. However, if the residence time of the blood is too long, the amount of blood that can be flowed will decrease, and the amount of separated components obtained will decrease, which is not preferable. Desirably, the blood flow is heated to 35-42°C, more preferably 37-40°C. Aggregation of red blood cells is accelerated as the temperature increases, but if the temperature is too high, hemolysis of red blood cells may occur, which is undesirable. The material of the device of the present invention must be hard and not deformed by internal pressure. In addition, it is necessary that the material is free of toxic eluates and does not easily cause the formation of plugs. For these reasons, synthetic resins such as polycarbonate resin, polypropylene resin, polyethylene resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, and acrylic resin, and metals such as aluminum and stainless steel can be used. It is also possible to make the outside of the device of the present invention from a soft material such as silicone resin, and to reinforce the periphery with a rigid material, for example a shell made of metal such as aluminum. When using a metal shell, by embedding a heater inside it,
It is also possible to easily heat the blood. In the present invention, it is desirable that the blood flow path be provided in a substantially horizontal direction or at an upward angle with respect to the flow direction. Although it is desirable that the channel be smooth, it is acceptable even if the channel is rough to some extent. The apparatus of the present invention will be explained below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the blood component separation device of the present invention, and the inside is shown for easy understanding. In FIG. 1, the container 1 has a space A3 having a blood inlet 2, a flow path 4 communicating with the space A, and a space B8 having discharge ports 6, 7 and communicating with the flow path 4. . After the blood is added with an anticoagulant and introduced into the space A3 through the inlet 2, it is continuously sent into each channel 4. The blood that has exited the flow path 4 is separated into a supernatant layer and a precipitate layer consisting of red blood cells and the like in the space B8. The separated components are continuously discharged from the discharge ports 6 and 7. In order to suppress the mixing of components of the precipitated layer into the discharged supernatant layer, it is desirable to adjust the discharge rate of each component by using a detection means such as an optical method. As described above, the present invention provides a novel device for separating blood into several components by an extremely simple and compact means without applying centrifugal force. platelet plasma,
Components such as red blood cell concentrate blood, granulocyte concentrate blood and platelet rich plasma can be obtained. Further, platelet concentrate and platelet-poor plasma can be obtained from the platelet-rich plasma obtained. Furthermore, by removing substances harmful to the living body from platelet-rich plasma, it is also possible to achieve therapeutic purposes. The method of using the apparatus of the present invention will be explained with reference to an experimental example using stored blood in FIG.
is heated in a constant temperature bath 10. The blood in the container 13 is pumped out by the pump 11 and sent into the device 9, and the platelet-rich plasma separated in the device 9 is pumped out into the pump 11 and collected into the platelet-rich plasma collecting container 15. When the red blood cell detection means 12 detects an increase in the red blood cell concentration in the platelet-rich plasma, the operation of the pump 11 is stopped. Concentrated red blood cell blood flows out of the device 9 and is collected into a concentrated red blood cell collection container 14. Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to Examples. Example 1 Using acrylic resin as a container, a blood inlet port,
A blood component separation device as shown in FIG. 1 and Table 1 was prepared using stainless steel pipes as tubular materials for the outlet and flow path. Using this device, we created a blood component separation system as shown in Figure 2, and conducted a separation experiment by feeding pig blood, which had been prevented from coagulating with heparin and warmed to 37°C, at a rate of 1.5 ml/min. The results are also shown in Table 1.
【表】
以上詳細に述べてきたように、本発明の装置を
用いることにより、遠心力を使用せずに血液を多
成分に分離することができるのみならず、狭い病
室等で容易に実施できるために、慢性関節リウマ
チなど血沈の亢進が見られる膠原病患者の血漿交
換療法や血漿浄化療法などに極めて有用である。[Table] As described in detail above, by using the device of the present invention, not only can blood be separated into multiple components without using centrifugal force, but it can also be easily performed in a narrow hospital room, etc. Therefore, it is extremely useful for plasmapheresis therapy and plasma purification therapy for patients with collagen diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis where increased blood sedimentation is observed.
第1図は、本発明の血漿成分分離用装置の一例
を示す摸式図である、第2図は、第1図の装置を
用いた成分分離の実験例を示す摸式図である。
1:容器、2:血液導入口、3:空間部A、
4:血液流路、5:流路用パイプ、6:排出口、
7:排出口、8:空間部B、9:血液成分分離用
装置、10:恒温槽、11:ポンプ、12:赤血
球の検知器、13:保存血液用容器、14:濃厚
赤血球採取容器、15:多血小板血漿採取容器。
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the plasma component separation apparatus of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an experimental example of component separation using the apparatus of FIG. 1. 1: Container, 2: Blood introduction port, 3: Space A,
4: blood flow path, 5: flow path pipe, 6: outlet,
7: Discharge port, 8: Space B, 9: Blood component separation device, 10: Constant temperature bath, 11: Pump, 12: Red blood cell detector, 13: Preserved blood container, 14: Concentrated red blood cell collection container, 15 : Platelet-rich plasma collection container.
Claims (1)
装置であつて、血液の導入口を有する空間部と、
該空間部と連通した断面積3cm2以下の少なくとも
1個の管状の、実質的に水平な血液流路と、該流
路の下流側に連通した空間部と、この空間部に設
けられた少なくとも2個の分離血液成分の排出口
とからなることを特徴とする血液の成分分離用装
置。1. A blood component separation device made of a hard member, which includes a space having a blood inlet;
at least one tubular, substantially horizontal blood flow channel with a cross-sectional area of 3 cm 2 or less communicating with the space, a space communicating with the downstream side of the flow channel, and at least one tube provided in the space. 1. A device for separating blood components, comprising two discharge ports for separating blood components.
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP56141216A JPS5841562A (en) | 1981-09-08 | 1981-09-08 | Apparatus for separating blood components |
AT82100771T ATE24401T1 (en) | 1981-02-05 | 1982-02-03 | DEVICE FOR SEPARATING BLOOD COMPONENTS. |
DE8282100771T DE3274800D1 (en) | 1981-02-05 | 1982-02-03 | Apparatus for separating blood components |
EP82100771A EP0057907B1 (en) | 1981-02-05 | 1982-02-03 | Apparatus for separating blood components |
US06/369,439 US4409106A (en) | 1981-09-08 | 1982-04-19 | Apparatus and method for separating blood components |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP56141216A JPS5841562A (en) | 1981-09-08 | 1981-09-08 | Apparatus for separating blood components |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPS5841562A JPS5841562A (en) | 1983-03-10 |
JPS6230781B2 true JPS6230781B2 (en) | 1987-07-04 |
Family
ID=15286834
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP56141216A Granted JPS5841562A (en) | 1981-02-05 | 1981-09-08 | Apparatus for separating blood components |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS5841562A (en) |
-
1981
- 1981-09-08 JP JP56141216A patent/JPS5841562A/en active Granted
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS5841562A (en) | 1983-03-10 |
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