JPS6230782B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS6230782B2 JPS6230782B2 JP56141217A JP14121781A JPS6230782B2 JP S6230782 B2 JPS6230782 B2 JP S6230782B2 JP 56141217 A JP56141217 A JP 56141217A JP 14121781 A JP14121781 A JP 14121781A JP S6230782 B2 JPS6230782 B2 JP S6230782B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- blood
- space
- present
- components
- separated
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000012503 blood component Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000017531 blood circulation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 16
- 210000003743 erythrocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 14
- 210000002381 plasma Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 210000004623 platelet-rich plasma Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000000601 blood cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000001772 blood platelet Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000027932 Collagen disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010018910 Haemolysis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- HTTJABKRGRZYRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heparin Chemical compound OC1C(NC(=O)C)C(O)OC(COS(O)(=O)=O)C1OC1C(OS(O)(=O)=O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(OS(O)(=O)=O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(O3)C(O)=O)OS(O)(=O)=O)C(CO)O2)NS(O)(=O)=O)C(C(O)=O)O1 HTTJABKRGRZYRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000007536 Thrombosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003146 anticoagulant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940127219 anticoagulant drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004087 circulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003714 granulocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012388 gravitational sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008588 hemolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960002897 heparin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000669 heparin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 210000000265 leukocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002616 plasmapheresis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005668 polycarbonate resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004431 polycarbonate resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920013716 polyethylene resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 206010039073 rheumatoid arthritis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007779 soft material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003634 thrombocyte concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- External Artificial Organs (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Description
本発明は、血液を重力の沈降作用によつて成分
分離する改良された装置に関する。
血液は血漿成分と赤血球、白血球、血小板等の
血球成分とからなつている。近年輸血は採血され
た血液をそのまま輸血するのでなく、これらの成
分別に分離し、夫々の患者が必要とする特定の成
分だけを夫々輸血することが多くなつている。血
液を静置すれば、血球成分は次第に沈澱して血漿
が分離されるが、その速度は遅い。そのため重力
による沈降によらず、遠心分離機を用いる分離法
が従来広く採用されて来た。併し、この方法は高
価な遠心分離機と、その回転動力、更に安全装置
等を必要とする。
本発明者らは、このような人工的遠心力を用い
ずに重力の沈降作用によつて血液の成分分離を効
率よく行なうことができる装置を提供すべく鋭意
検討した結果、血液を実質的水平もしくは、流れ
方向に対し上昇角度を与えつつ、連続的に流すこ
とにより遠心力場を用いることなく、血液を多層
の成分に容易に分離し得ることを見い出した(特
開昭57−131451号公報、特開昭58−41822号公
報)。
本発明者らは、更に、より小型の血液成分の分
離装置により、血液より赤血球を除いた分画を得
るべく鋭意検討を進めた結果、狭い空間を流れた
結果生ずる、赤血球相互の粘着力に基づく連銭状
をなした赤血球の凝集塊は、速やかに沈降するこ
とを見い出し、面積の小さな容器中において、血
液を遠心力場におくことなく、効率よく分離でき
る本発明の装置を完成するに至つた。
即ち、本発明は、硬質の部材にて構成される血
液成分分離用装置であつて、血液の導入口を有す
る空間部と、該空間部と連通した、血液を厚さ20
mm以下の層状に流すための少なくとも1枚の板で
仕切られた、実質的に水平な血液流路部と、該流
路の下流側に連通した空間部、及び、この空間部
に設けられた少なくとも2個の分離血液成分の排
出口とからなることを特徴とする血液成分分離用
装置に関するものである。
本発明に用いられる血液流路としては、血沈即
ち重力による上からの力と血液の流れ方向の外力
とが効率的に赤血球に作用し、その凝集塊形成を
促進させるように薄い層状であることが好まし
く、20mm以下、より好ましくは0.2〜10mm、更に
好ましくは0.5〜5mmの厚さの流路が用いられ
る。
本発明に用いられる複数の流路からなる血液流
路部は、その全容積が分離血液成分の排出口を有
する空間部とほぼ同等もしくはそれより大きな容
積をもつことが好ましい。血液導入口を有する空
間部は、本発明の装置内に導入された血液が複数
の流路にできるだけ均一に分配されて流れるため
のものであり、この目的を達するものであればど
のような形状でもよいが、その容積はできるだけ
小さいことが望ましい。
本発明の装置の容積は少なくとも50mlあるこ
とが実用的に望ましい。又、この装置が体外循環
を行う目的で使用される時は500ml以下であるこ
とが望ましい。
本発明の装置を好適に使用するためには、血液
を本装置の分離血液成分の排出口を有する空間部
における血液の滞留時間が2分以上になるように
流すことが望ましい。しかし、血液の滞留時間が
余り長すぎると、流せる血液量が少なくなり、得
られ分離成分の量が低下するので好ましくない。
血液流は35〜42℃、より好ましくは37〜40℃に
加温されることが望ましい。赤血球の凝集は温度
が高いほど加速されるが、余り高いと、赤血球の
溶血などが起こり好ましくない。
本発明の装置の材質は、内圧によつて変形しな
い硬質のものであることが必要である。又、有毒
な溶出物がなく、血栓形成を起こしにくい材質で
あることが必要である。これらのことから、ポリ
カーボネート樹脂、ポリプロビレン樹脂、ポリエ
チレン樹脂、ポリ塩化ビニル樹脂、アクリル樹脂
などの合成樹脂や、アルミニウム、ステンレンス
チールなどの金属等を用いることができる。本発
明の装置の外側をシリコーン樹脂などの軟質材料
で作製し、その周囲を剛質材料、例えばアルミニ
ウムなどの金属製のシエルにて補強して用いるこ
とも可能である。金属製のシエルを用いた場合に
は、その内部にヒーターを埋設することにより、
血液の加熱を容易に行うことも可能である。
本発明における血液を流すための流路は、実質
的に水平な方向もしくは流れ方向に対して上昇角
度を与えるように設けることが望ましい。流路は
平滑であることが望ましいが、ある程度の粗面で
あつてもさしつかえない。この流路は、多数の平
板を一定の間隔をおいて積層することにより複数
の流路を容易に作製できる。この流路の厚みをほ
ぼ一定に保つために、適当な長さのスペーサーを
挿入したり、予め適当な長さの突起を有する板を
積層したりすることにより、層状の空間をいくつ
かに細分することも好ましい実施態様の一つであ
る。
以下、図面で本発明の装置を説明する。
第1図は本発明の血液成分分離用装置の一例を
示す斜視図であつて、内部が分り易いように正面
は断面を示すものである。第2図は第1図の装置
の長さ方向に直角な垂直面で切断した断面を示
す。
第1図において、容器1は血液導入口2を有す
る空間部A3、空間部Aと連通した流路4、およ
び排出口6,7を有し、流路4と連通した空間部
B8とを有する。血液は抗凝固剤を加えられて導
入口2より、空間部A3中に導入された後、各流
路4に連続的に送りこまれる。流路4を出た血液
は空間部B8にて、上澄層と赤血球等からなる沈
澱層とに分離される。分離された夫々の成分は排
出口6,7より継続的に排出される。
排出される上澄層への沈澱層の成分の混入を抑
制するためには、光学的方法などによる検知手段
を使用することにより、各成分の排出速度を調節
することが望ましい。
本発明は以上のように、血液に遠心力を加える
ことなく極めて簡単で小型の手段によつて、いく
つかの成分に分離するための新規な装置を提供す
るものであり、赤血球濃縮血液と多血小板血漿、
赤血球濃縮血液、顆粒球濃縮血液と多血小板血漿
などの成分を取得することができる。又、得られ
た多血小板血漿より、濃縮血小板および乏血小板
血漿を得ることができる。さらに多血小板血漿中
より生体にとつて有害である物質を除去すること
によつて、治療目的を達成することも可能であ
る。
本発明の装置の使用方法を、第4図の保存血液
を用いた実験例にのつとつて説明すると、本発明
の血液成分分離用装置9および保存血液用容器1
3を恒温槽10中にて加温する。容器13中の血
液をポンプ11にてくみ出し、該装置9中に送血
し、装置9中にて分離した多血小板血漿をポンプ
11にてくみ出し、多血小板血漿採取容器15中
に採取する。赤血球の検知手段12にて多血小板
血漿中の赤血球濃度の上昇を検知した場合には、
ポンプ11の作動を停止する。濃厚赤血球血液は
該装置9より流出し、濃厚赤血球採取容器14中
に採取する。
以下、実施例により本発明の実施の態様をより
詳細に説明する。
実施例 1
容器及び流路分離用平板としてアクリル樹脂を
用い、血液導入口及び排出口としてステンレスパ
イプを使用し、第1図及び表1に示すような血液
成分分離用装置を作製した。
該装置を用い第4図に示すような血液成分分離
システムを作製し、ヘパリンにて凝固を防止させ
37℃に加温した豚血液を5.2ml/分の速度で送血
し、分離実験を行つた。結果を併せて表1に示し
た。
The present invention relates to an improved device for separating components of blood by gravitational sedimentation. Blood consists of plasma components and blood cell components such as red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. In recent years, in blood transfusions, instead of transfusing collected blood as it is, it has become increasingly common to separate the blood into its components and transfuse only the specific components needed by each patient. If blood is allowed to stand still, blood cell components will gradually precipitate and plasma will be separated, but the rate of separation is slow. Therefore, separation methods using centrifuges have been widely adopted in the past, without relying on sedimentation due to gravity. However, this method requires an expensive centrifugal separator, its rotational power, and safety equipment. The present inventors have conducted intensive studies to provide an apparatus that can efficiently separate blood components by the sedimentation effect of gravity without using such artificial centrifugal force. Alternatively, they discovered that blood can be easily separated into multilayered components without using a centrifugal force field by flowing continuously while giving an ascending angle to the flow direction (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 131451/1983). , Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 58-41822). The inventors of the present invention further conducted intensive studies to obtain a fraction of blood excluding red blood cells using a smaller blood component separation device. The present inventors have discovered that red blood cell aggregates forming a roulet shape based on the invention quickly settle, and have completed the device of the present invention that can efficiently separate blood in a small-area container without placing it in a centrifugal field. I've reached it. That is, the present invention is a blood component separation device constituted by a hard member, which includes a space having a blood inlet, and a space in communication with the space that separates blood into a blood component having a thickness of 20 mm.
A substantially horizontal blood flow channel section partitioned by at least one plate for flowing the blood in a layered form of 1 mm or less, a space section communicating with the downstream side of the flow channel, and a space section provided in this space section. The present invention relates to a blood component separation device characterized by comprising at least two separated blood component discharge ports. The blood flow path used in the present invention should be thin and layered so that blood sedimentation, that is, force from above due to gravity and external force in the blood flow direction, can efficiently act on red blood cells and promote the formation of aggregates. is preferable, and a channel having a thickness of 20 mm or less, more preferably 0.2 to 10 mm, and even more preferably 0.5 to 5 mm is used. It is preferable that the total volume of the blood flow path section consisting of a plurality of flow paths used in the present invention is approximately equal to or larger than the space section having the discharge port for separated blood components. The space having the blood introduction port is for the blood introduced into the device of the present invention to be distributed as evenly as possible into a plurality of flow paths, and may have any shape as long as it achieves this purpose. However, it is desirable that the volume be as small as possible. It is practically desirable that the volume of the device of the invention is at least 50 ml. Furthermore, when this device is used for the purpose of extracorporeal circulation, it is desirable that the volume be 500 ml or less. In order to suitably use the device of the present invention, it is desirable to flow the blood so that the residence time of the blood in the space having the discharge port for the separated blood components of the device is 2 minutes or more. However, if the residence time of the blood is too long, the amount of blood that can be flowed will decrease, and the amount of separated components obtained will decrease, which is not preferable. Desirably, the blood flow is heated to 35-42°C, more preferably 37-40°C. Aggregation of red blood cells is accelerated as the temperature increases, but if the temperature is too high, hemolysis of red blood cells may occur, which is not desirable. The material of the device of the present invention must be hard and not deformed by internal pressure. In addition, the material must be free of toxic eluates and less likely to cause thrombus formation. For these reasons, synthetic resins such as polycarbonate resin, polypropylene resin, polyethylene resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, and acrylic resin, and metals such as aluminum and stainless steel can be used. It is also possible to make the outside of the device of the present invention from a soft material such as silicone resin, and to reinforce the periphery with a rigid material, for example a shell made of metal such as aluminum. When using a metal shell, by embedding a heater inside it,
It is also possible to easily heat the blood. In the present invention, the flow path for blood to flow is preferably provided in a substantially horizontal direction or at an upward angle with respect to the flow direction. Although it is desirable that the channel be smooth, it is acceptable even if the channel is rough to some extent. A plurality of flow channels can be easily created by stacking a large number of flat plates at regular intervals. In order to keep the thickness of this channel almost constant, the layered space can be subdivided into several parts by inserting a spacer of an appropriate length or by stacking plates with projections of an appropriate length in advance. It is also one of the preferred embodiments. The apparatus of the present invention will be explained below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of the blood component separation device of the present invention, and the front side is shown in cross section so that the inside can be easily seen. FIG. 2 shows a cross-section taken in a vertical plane perpendicular to the length of the device of FIG. In FIG. 1, the container 1 has a space A3 having a blood inlet 2, a flow path 4 communicating with the space A, and a space B8 having discharge ports 6, 7 and communicating with the flow path 4. . The blood is introduced into the space A3 through the inlet 2 with an anticoagulant added thereto, and is then continuously sent into each channel 4. The blood that has exited the flow path 4 is separated into a supernatant layer and a precipitate layer consisting of red blood cells and the like in the space B8. The separated components are continuously discharged from the discharge ports 6 and 7. In order to suppress the mixing of components of the precipitated layer into the discharged supernatant layer, it is desirable to adjust the discharge rate of each component by using a detection means such as an optical method. As described above, the present invention provides a novel device for separating blood into several components by an extremely simple and compact means without applying centrifugal force. platelet plasma,
Components such as red blood cell concentrate blood, granulocyte concentrate blood and platelet rich plasma can be obtained. Furthermore, platelet concentrate and platelet-poor plasma can be obtained from the platelet-rich plasma obtained. Furthermore, by removing substances harmful to the living body from platelet-rich plasma, it is also possible to achieve therapeutic purposes. The method of using the device of the present invention will be explained based on the experimental example using stored blood shown in FIG.
3 is heated in a constant temperature bath 10. The blood in the container 13 is pumped out by the pump 11 and sent into the device 9, and the platelet-rich plasma separated in the device 9 is pumped out by the pump 11 and collected into the platelet-rich plasma collection container 15. When the red blood cell detection means 12 detects an increase in the red blood cell concentration in platelet-rich plasma,
The operation of the pump 11 is stopped. Concentrated red blood cell blood flows out of the device 9 and is collected into a concentrated red blood cell collection container 14. Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to Examples. Example 1 A device for separating blood components as shown in FIG. 1 and Table 1 was manufactured using acrylic resin as the container and flat plate for flow path separation, and stainless steel pipes as the blood inlet and outlet. Using this device, we created a blood component separation system as shown in Figure 4, and used heparin to prevent coagulation.
A separation experiment was carried out by pumping pig blood heated to 37°C at a rate of 5.2 ml/min. The results are also shown in Table 1.
【表】
以上詳細に述べてきたように、本発明の装置を
用いることにより、遠心力を使用せずに血液を多
成分に分離することができるのみならず、狭い病
室等で容易に実施できるために、慢性関節リウマ
チなど血沈の亢進が見られる膠原病患者の血漿交
換療法や血漿浄化療法などに極めて有用である。[Table] As described in detail above, by using the device of the present invention, not only can blood be separated into multiple components without using centrifugal force, but it can also be easily performed in a narrow hospital room, etc. Therefore, it is extremely useful for plasmapheresis therapy and plasma purification therapy for patients with collagen diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis where increased blood sedimentation is observed.
第1図は、本発明の血漿成分分離用装置の一例
を示す斜視図であり、内部が分り易いように正面
を断面で示したものである、第2図は第1図の装
置を長さ方向に直角な垂直面で切断した断面図の
一例である、第3図は第2図と同じ断面の他の例
を示す、第4図は、第1図の装置を用いた成分分
離の実験例を示す摸式図である。
1:容器、2:血液導入口、3:空間部A、
4:血液流路、5:流路用分離用板、6:排出
口、7:排出口、8:空間部B、9:血液成分分
離用装置、10:恒温槽、11:ポンプ、12:
赤血球の検知手段、13:保存血液用容器、1
4:濃厚赤血球採取容器、15:多血小板血漿採
取容器。
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of the plasma component separation device of the present invention, with the front section shown in cross section to make the inside easier to understand. FIG. 2 shows the device of FIG. This is an example of a cross-sectional view cut along a vertical plane perpendicular to the direction. Figure 3 shows another example of the same cross section as Figure 2. Figure 4 is an experiment of component separation using the apparatus shown in Figure 1. It is a schematic diagram showing an example. 1: Container, 2: Blood introduction port, 3: Space A,
4: Blood flow path, 5: Separation plate for flow path, 6: Outlet, 7: Outlet, 8: Space B, 9: Blood component separation device, 10: Constant temperature chamber, 11: Pump, 12:
Detection means for red blood cells, 13: Storage blood container, 1
4: Concentrated red blood cell collection container, 15: Platelet-rich plasma collection container.
Claims (1)
置であつて、血液の導入口を有する空間部と、該
空間部と連通した、血液を厚さ20mm以下の層状に
流すための少なくとも1枚の板で仕切られた、実
質的に水平な血液流路部と、該流路の下流側に連
通した空間部、及び、この空間部に設けられた少
なくとも2個の分離血液成分の排出口とからなる
ことを特徴とする血液成分分離用装置。1. A blood component separation device composed of a hard member, including a space having a blood inlet, and at least one sheet communicating with the space for flowing blood in a layer with a thickness of 20 mm or less. a substantially horizontal blood flow channel partitioned by a plate; a space communicating with the downstream side of the flow channel; and at least two discharge ports for separated blood components provided in this space. A blood component separation device characterized by comprising:
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP56141217A JPS5844060A (en) | 1981-09-08 | 1981-09-08 | Apparatus for separating blood components |
DE8282100771T DE3274800D1 (en) | 1981-02-05 | 1982-02-03 | Apparatus for separating blood components |
EP82100771A EP0057907B1 (en) | 1981-02-05 | 1982-02-03 | Apparatus for separating blood components |
AT82100771T ATE24401T1 (en) | 1981-02-05 | 1982-02-03 | DEVICE FOR SEPARATING BLOOD COMPONENTS. |
US06/369,439 US4409106A (en) | 1981-09-08 | 1982-04-19 | Apparatus and method for separating blood components |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP56141217A JPS5844060A (en) | 1981-09-08 | 1981-09-08 | Apparatus for separating blood components |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPS5844060A JPS5844060A (en) | 1983-03-14 |
JPS6230782B2 true JPS6230782B2 (en) | 1987-07-04 |
Family
ID=15286854
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP56141217A Granted JPS5844060A (en) | 1981-02-05 | 1981-09-08 | Apparatus for separating blood components |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS5844060A (en) |
-
1981
- 1981-09-08 JP JP56141217A patent/JPS5844060A/en active Granted
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS5844060A (en) | 1983-03-14 |
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