JPS62289853A - Toner for electrostatic photography - Google Patents
Toner for electrostatic photographyInfo
- Publication number
- JPS62289853A JPS62289853A JP61132742A JP13274286A JPS62289853A JP S62289853 A JPS62289853 A JP S62289853A JP 61132742 A JP61132742 A JP 61132742A JP 13274286 A JP13274286 A JP 13274286A JP S62289853 A JPS62289853 A JP S62289853A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- toner
- developer
- image
- parts
- copolymer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QHGNHLZPVBIIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(ii) oxide Chemical class [Sn]=O QHGNHLZPVBIIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013799 ultramarine blue Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOSXWYQMOYSSKB-LDKJGXKFSA-L water blue Chemical compound CC1=CC(/C(\C(C=C2)=CC=C2NC(C=C2)=CC=C2S([O-])(=O)=O)=C(\C=C2)/C=C/C\2=N\C(C=C2)=CC=C2S([O-])(=O)=O)=CC(S(O)(=O)=O)=C1N.[Na+].[Na+] XOSXWYQMOYSSKB-LDKJGXKFSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/097—Plasticisers; Charge controlling agents
- G03G9/09783—Organo-metallic compounds
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
3、発明の詳細な説明
[産業上の利用分野]
本発明は、電子写真、静電記録及び静電印刷等における
静電荷像を現像するための新規なトナーに関する。Detailed Description of the Invention 3. Detailed Description of the Invention [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a new toner for developing electrostatic images in electrophotography, electrostatic recording, electrostatic printing, and the like.
[従来の技術]
従来、電子写真法としては米国特許第
2.297,891号、特公昭42−23910号公報
及び特公昭43−24748号公報などに種々の方法が
記載されているが、それらは要するに、光導゛を性絶縁
体層上に一様な静電荷を与え、該絶縁体層に光像を照射
することによって静電潜像を形成し、次いで該潜像を轟
該技術でトナーと呼ばれる微粉末によって現像可視化し
、必要に応じて紙などに粉像を転写した後、加熱、加圧
、或いは溶剤蒸気などによって定着を行なうものである
。[Prior Art] Conventionally, various electrophotographic methods have been described in US Pat. No. 2,297,891, Japanese Patent Publication No. 42-23910, Japanese Patent Publication No. 43-24748, In short, a photoguide is used to apply a uniform electrostatic charge onto a conductive insulating layer, a light image is irradiated onto the insulating layer to form an electrostatic latent image, and the latent image is then transferred to a toner using the technique. The image is developed and visualized using a fine powder known as a powder, and if necessary, the powder image is transferred to paper or the like, and then fixed by heating, pressure, solvent vapor, or the like.
これらの電子写真法等に適応される現像方法としては、
大別して乾式現像法と湿式現像法とがある。前者は、更
に二成分系現像剤を用いる方法と、−成分系現像剤を用
いる方法として二分される。二成分系現像方法に属する
ものには、トナーを搬送するキャリヤーの種類により、
鉄粉キャリヤーを用いるマグネットブラシ法、ビーズ・
キャリヤーを用いるカスケード法、ファーを用いるファ
ーブラシ法等がある。Development methods applicable to these electrophotographic methods include:
Broadly speaking, there are dry development methods and wet development methods. The former method is further divided into a method using a two-component developer and a method using a -component developer. Two-component developing methods include:
Magnetic brush method using iron powder carrier, beads and
There are a cascade method using a carrier, a fur brush method using fur, etc.
又、−成分系現像方法に属するものには、トナー粒子を
噴霧状態にして用いるパウダークラウド法、トナー粒子
を直接的に静電潜像面に接触させて現像する接触現像法
(コンタクト現像、又はトナー現像ともいう)、トナー
粒子を?1)電層像面に直接接触させず、トナー粒子を
荷電して静電潜像の有する電界により該潜像面に向けて
飛行させるジャンピング現像法、磁性の導電性トナーを
静電潜像面に接触させて現像するマグネドライ法等があ
る。In addition, those belonging to the -component type development method include a powder cloud method in which toner particles are sprayed, and a contact development method (contact development, or (also called toner development), toner particles? 1) A jumping development method in which toner particles are charged and flown toward the latent image surface by the electric field of the electrostatic latent image without directly contacting the electrostatic latent image surface, and magnetic conductive toner is transferred to the electrostatic latent image surface. There is the MagneDry method, which develops the film by contacting it.
これらの現像法に適用するトナーとしては、従来、天然
あるいは合成樹脂中に染料、顔料を分散させた微粉末が
使用されている。例えば、ポリスチレンなどの結着樹脂
中に着色剤を分散させたものを1〜30μm程度に微粉
砕した粒子がトナーとして用いられている。磁性トナー
としてはマグネタイトなどの磁性体粒子を含有せしめた
ものが用いられている。いわゆる二成分現像剤を用いる
方式の場合には、トナーは通常ガラスピーズ、鉄粉など
のキャリヤー粒子と混合されて用いられる。As toners applied to these developing methods, fine powders in which dyes and pigments are dispersed in natural or synthetic resins have conventionally been used. For example, particles obtained by dispersing a colorant in a binder resin such as polystyrene and pulverizing the particles to about 1 to 30 μm are used as toner. As the magnetic toner, one containing magnetic particles such as magnetite is used. In the case of a system using a so-called two-component developer, the toner is usually mixed with carrier particles such as glass beads and iron powder.
又、トナーは、現像される静電潜像の極性に応じて正ま
たは負の電荷が保有せしめられる。Further, the toner is made to have a positive or negative charge depending on the polarity of the electrostatic latent image to be developed.
トナーに電荷を保有せしめるためには、トナーの成分で
ある樹脂の摩擦帯電性を利用することも出来るが、この
方法ではトナーの帯電性が小さいので、現像によって得
られる画像はカブリ易く、不鮮明なものとなる。そこで
、所望の摩擦帯電性をトナーに付与するために、帯電性
を付与する染料、顔料、更には荷電制御剤なるものを添
加することが行われている。In order to make the toner hold an electric charge, it is also possible to use the triboelectricity of the resin that is a component of the toner, but since the toner's chargeability is small with this method, the image obtained by development is prone to fogging and is unclear. Become something. Therefore, in order to impart desired triboelectrification properties to toners, dyes and pigments that impart electrostatic properties, as well as charge control agents, are added.
今日、当該技術分野で知られている荷電制御剤としては
、トナーを正荷電性に制御するものとしてニグロシン、
アジン系染料、4級アンモニウム塩、ジアルキルスズオ
キサイドなどが、一方、トナーを負荷電性に制御するも
のとしてモノアゾ染料の金属錯塩、サリチル酸のGo、
Cr、 Fe等の金属錯体などがある。Charge control agents known in the art today include nigrosine, which controls toner to be positively charged;
Azine dyes, quaternary ammonium salts, dialkyl tin oxides, etc. are used to control the toner's negative chargeability, while metal complex salts of monoazo dyes, Go of salicylic acid,
Examples include metal complexes such as Cr and Fe.
これらは、通常熱可塑性樹脂に添加され、熱溶融分散し
、これを微粉砕して、必要に応じて適当な粒径に調整さ
れ使用される。These are usually added to thermoplastic resins, thermally melted and dispersed, and then finely pulverized and adjusted to a suitable particle size as necessary before use.
しかしながら、これらの荷電制御剤としての染料は、構
造が複雑で性質が一定しておらず安定性に乏しい、また
、熱混練時の分解、機械的衝撃、席擦、温湿度条件の変
化、などにより分解又は変質し易く、荷電制御性が低下
する現象を生じ易い。However, these dyes used as charge control agents have complex structures, inconsistent properties, and poor stability.They are also susceptible to decomposition during thermal kneading, mechanical shock, rubbing, changes in temperature and humidity conditions, etc. This tends to cause decomposition or deterioration, and a phenomenon of deterioration of charge controllability is likely to occur.
従って、これらの染料を荷電制御剤として含有したトナ
ーを複写機に用いて現像すると、複写回数の増大に伴い
、荷電制御剤が分解あるいは変質し、耐久中にトナーの
劣化を引き起こすことがある。Therefore, when a toner containing these dyes as a charge control agent is used for development in a copying machine, as the number of copies increases, the charge control agent decomposes or changes in quality, which may cause deterioration of the toner during durability.
又、これらの荷電制御剤は、熱可塑性樹脂中に均一に分
散する事が極めて困難であるため、粉砕して得られたト
ナー粒子間の摩擦帯電量に差異を生じるという致命的な
欠点を有している。このため、従来1分散をより均一に
行なうための種々の方法が行なわれている。例えば、塩
基性ニグロシン染料は、熱可塑性樹脂との相溶性を向上
させるために、高級脂肪酸と造塩して用いられるが、し
ばしば未反応分の脂肪酸あるいは、塩の分散生成物が、
トナー表面に露出して、キャリヤーあるいは、トナー担
持体を汚染し、トナーの流動性低下やカブリ、画像濃度
の低下を引き起こす原因となっている。あるいは、これ
らの荷電制御剤の樹脂中への分散向上のために、あらか
じめ、荷電制御剤粉末と樹脂粉末とを機械的に粉砕混合
してから熱溶融混練する方法もとられている。しかし、
本来の分散不良性は回避する事ができず、未だ実用上充
分な荷電の均一さは得られていないのが現状である。Furthermore, since it is extremely difficult to uniformly disperse these charge control agents in thermoplastic resins, they have the fatal drawback of causing a difference in the amount of frictional charge between toner particles obtained by pulverization. are doing. For this reason, various methods have been used to achieve more uniform dispersion. For example, basic nigrosine dyes are used by forming salts with higher fatty acids in order to improve their compatibility with thermoplastic resins, but often unreacted fatty acids or salt dispersion products are
It is exposed on the toner surface and contaminates the carrier or toner carrier, causing a decrease in the fluidity of the toner, fogging, and a decrease in image density. Alternatively, in order to improve the dispersion of these charge control agents into the resin, a method has also been adopted in which charge control agent powder and resin powder are mechanically pulverized and mixed in advance and then hot melt-kneaded. but,
The inherent poor dispersion cannot be avoided, and the current situation is that sufficient charge uniformity has not yet been obtained for practical use.
又、一般に荷電制御剤として知られている物質は、その
多くが暗色であり、鮮やかな有彩色現像剤に含有させる
ことができないという問題点がある。Moreover, most of the substances generally known as charge control agents have a dark color, and there is a problem in that they cannot be incorporated into bright chromatic color developers.
又、荷電制御剤は、親水性のものが多く、これらの樹脂
中への分散不良のために、溶融混練後、粉砕した時に、
染料がトナー表面に露出する。In addition, many charge control agents are hydrophilic, and due to poor dispersion in these resins, when pulverized after melt-kneading,
The dye is exposed on the toner surface.
従って、高湿条件下でのトナーの使用時には、これら、
荷電制御剤が親水性であるがために良質な画像が得られ
ないという欠点を有している。Therefore, when using toner under high humidity conditions, these
Since the charge control agent is hydrophilic, it has the disadvantage that good quality images cannot be obtained.
この様に、従来の荷電制御剤をトナーに用いた際には、
トナー粒子間に於いて、あるいは、トナーとキャリヤー
間、トナーとスリーブのごときトナー担持体間に於いて
、トナー粒子表面に発生する電荷量にバラツキを生じ、
現像カブリ、トナー飛散、キャリヤー汚染等の障害が発
生し易い。またこの障害は、複写回数を多く重ねた際に
顕著な現象となって現われ、実質上、複写機には適さな
い結果となる。In this way, when conventional charge control agents are used in toner,
Variations occur in the amount of charge generated on the surface of toner particles between toner particles, between toner and carrier, or between toner and a toner carrier such as a sleeve,
Problems such as development fog, toner scattering, and carrier contamination are likely to occur. Further, this failure becomes a noticeable phenomenon when copying is repeated many times, resulting in a result that is practically unsuitable for copying machines.
さらに、高湿条件下に於いては、トナー画像の転写効率
が著しく低下し、使用に耐えないものが多い。常温常湿
に於いてさえも、該トナーを長期保存した際には、用い
た荷電制御剤の不安定性のために変質を起こし、荷電性
不良のために使用不能になる場合が多い。Furthermore, under high humidity conditions, the transfer efficiency of toner images decreases significantly, and many of them become unusable. Even at room temperature and humidity, when the toner is stored for a long period of time, it often undergoes deterioration due to the instability of the charge control agent used and becomes unusable due to poor charging properties.
さらに従来の荷電制御剤をトナーに用いた際には、長期
間の使用により、感光体表面に荷電制御剤が付着ないし
トナーの付着を助長し、潜像形成に悪影響を与えたり(
フィルミング現象)、感光体表面又はクリーニングブレ
ード等のクリーニング部材にキズを生じせしめる或いは
該部材の摩耗を促進するもの等複写機のクリーニング工
程に悪い作用をもたらすものが少なくない。Furthermore, when conventional charge control agents are used in toner, long-term use may cause the charge control agents to adhere to the surface of the photoreceptor or promote toner adhesion, adversely affecting latent image formation (
There are many things that have a negative effect on the cleaning process of a copying machine, such as the filming phenomenon), those that cause scratches on the surface of the photoreceptor or cleaning members such as cleaning blades, and those that accelerate wear of the members.
さらに従来の荷電制御剤をトナーに用いた際には、トナ
ーの熱溶融特性に大きな影響を与え定着性部を低下させ
るものも少なくない。特に高温オフセット性能を悪化さ
せ、ヒートロール定着時の転写紙のローラーへのまきつ
き性を増す、ローラーの耐久寿命を低下させる°もの等
がみうけられる。Furthermore, when conventional charge control agents are used in toners, there are many that have a large effect on the thermal melting properties of the toners and reduce the fixability of the toners. In particular, there are some that worsen the high-temperature offset performance, increase the clinging of the transfer paper to the roller during heat roll fixing, and shorten the durable life of the roller.
このように従来の荷電制御剤には多くの欠点がみられ、
これらを改良することが当該技術分野で強く要請され、
これまでにも幾多の改良技術が提案されてはいるが、い
まだ実用上総合的に満足できるものが見い出されていな
いのが実情である。As described above, conventional charge control agents have many drawbacks.
There is a strong demand in the technical field to improve these.
Although many improved techniques have been proposed so far, the reality is that no one has yet been found that is comprehensively satisfactory for practical use.
[発明が解決しようとする問題点]
本発明の目的は、かかる問題点を克服したトナーの荷電
制御の新しい技術を提供することにある。[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] An object of the present invention is to provide a new technique for toner charge control that overcomes these problems.
本発明の他の目的は、トナー粒子間、またはトナーとキ
ャリヤー間、−成分現像の場合のトナーとスリーブの如
きトナー担持体との間等の摩擦帯電量が安定で、かつ摩
擦帯電量分布がシャープで均一であり、使用する現像シ
ステムに適した帯電量にコントロールできる現像剤の提
供にある。Another object of the present invention is to stabilize the amount of triboelectric charge between toner particles, between a toner and a carrier, or between a toner and a toner carrier such as a sleeve in the case of -component development, and to maintain a stable triboelectricity distribution. To provide a developer that is sharp and uniform, and whose charge amount can be controlled to suit the developing system used.
さらに他の目的は、潜像に忠実な現像、及び転写を行な
わしめる現像剤、即ち、現像時のバックグラウンド領域
におけるトナーの付着即ち、カブリや潜像のエツジ周辺
へのトナーの飛び散りがなく、高い画像濃度が得られ、
ハーフトーンの再現性の良い現像剤の提供にある。Still another object is to develop a developer that is faithful to the latent image and to perform the transfer, that is, without toner adhesion in the background area during development, without fogging or toner scattering around the edges of the latent image. High image density can be obtained,
To provide a developer with good halftone reproducibility.
さらに他の目的は、現像剤を長期にわたり連続使用した
際も初期の特性を維持し、トナーの凝集や帯電特性の変
化のない現像剤の提供にある。Still another object is to provide a developer that maintains its initial characteristics even when the developer is used continuously over a long period of time, and that causes no toner aggregation or change in charging characteristics.
さらに他の目的は、温度、湿度の変化に影響を受けない
安定した画像を再現する現像剤、特に高湿時及び低湿時
の転写時の飛び散りゃ転写ぬけなどのない転写効率の高
い現像剤の提供にある。Another objective is to develop a developer that reproduces stable images that are not affected by changes in temperature and humidity, especially a developer that has high transfer efficiency and does not cause scattering or transfer dropouts during transfer at high or low humidity. It's on offer.
さらに他の目的は、鮮やかな有彩色現像剤の提供にある
。Still another object is to provide a bright chromatic developer.
さらに他の目的は、長期間の保存でも初期の特性を維持
する保存安定性の優れた現像剤の提供にある。Still another object is to provide a developer with excellent storage stability that maintains its initial characteristics even during long-term storage.
さらに他の目的は、静電潜像面を汚したり、摩耗したり
、キズをつけたりしないクリーニング工程の容易な現像
剤の提供にある。Still another object is to provide a developer that does not stain, abrade, or scratch the electrostatic latent image surface and is easy to clean.
さらに他の目的は、良好な定着特性を有する現像剤、特
に高温オフセット等に問題のない現像剤の提供にある。Still another object is to provide a developer that has good fixing properties, particularly a developer that does not have problems such as high-temperature offset.
[問題点を解決するための手段及び作用]本発明は、ビ
ス(ジオルガノスズカルボン酸塩)ジカルボン酸塩を含
有するトナーである本発明者らは、ビス(ジオルガノス
ズカルボン酸塩)ジカルボン酸塩が熱的、時間的に安定
であり、吸湿性も少なく、現像剤に含有した場合、電子
写真特性の優秀な現像剤を与える良質な荷電制御剤であ
ることを見い出した。[Means and effects for solving the problems] The present invention provides a toner containing bis(diorganotincarboxylate) dicarboxylate. It has been found that the acid salt is thermally and temporally stable, has low hygroscopicity, and is a high-quality charge control agent that provides a developer with excellent electrophotographic properties when included in a developer.
ビス(ジオルガノスズカルボン酸塩)ジカルボン酸塩の
正摩擦帯電性が何に起因しているかは不明であるが、5
n−0結合が重要な働きをしていると考えられる。従っ
て、スズ原子に結合しているオルガノ基は特に限定され
るものではない。しかし、好ましくは、スズ原子の電荷
密度を高めるような電子供与性基を用いる方がより効果
的である。Although it is unclear what causes the positive triboelectrification of bis(diorganotincarboxylate) dicarboxylate, 5
It is thought that the n-0 bond plays an important role. Therefore, the organo group bonded to the tin atom is not particularly limited. However, preferably, it is more effective to use an electron-donating group that increases the charge density of the tin atom.
例えば、メチル基、エチル基、tert−ブチル基、オ
クチル基、ステアリル基等のアルキル基、または、シク
ロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基、シクロオクチル基等
の環状アルキル基またはこれらを基本骨格とする誘導体
がある。また、若干電荷密度は低下するが、ベンジル基
、フェネチル基等の7ラルキル基、あるいはフェニル基
、ナフチル基、アントリル基、トリル基、4−tart
−ブチルフェニル基、p−メトキシフェニル基、P−ジ
メチルアミノフェニル基等の7リール基、あるいはこれ
らを基本骨格とする誘導体も良好に用いることができる
。Examples include alkyl groups such as methyl group, ethyl group, tert-butyl group, octyl group, and stearyl group, cyclic alkyl groups such as cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, and cyclooctyl group, and derivatives having these as basic skeletons. In addition, although the charge density decreases slightly, it is possible to use 7-ralkyl groups such as benzyl group and phenethyl group, or phenyl group, naphthyl group, anthryl group, tolyl group, and 4-tart group.
Heptaryl groups such as -butylphenyl group, p-methoxyphenyl group, and P-dimethylaminophenyl group, or derivatives having these as basic skeletons can also be used favorably.
また、カルボン酸あるいはジカルボン酸も熱的に安定で
、吸湿性の低いものであれば全て用いることができる。Further, any carboxylic acid or dicarboxylic acid can be used as long as it is thermally stable and has low hygroscopicity.
以下に本発明のビス(ジオルガノスズカルボン酸塩)ジ
カルボン酸塩の代表的具体例の一例を示上記化合物を現
像剤に含有させる方法としては、現像剤内部に添加する
方法と外添する方法とがある。内添する場合、これら化
合物の使用量は、結着樹脂の種類、必要に応じて使用さ
れる添加剤の有無、分散方法を含めたトナー製造方法に
よって決定されるもので、一義的に限定されるものでは
無いが、好ましくは結着樹脂100重量部に対して0.
1〜10重量部(より好ましくは0.5〜5重量部)の
範囲で用いられる。Typical specific examples of the bis(diorganotincarboxylate) dicarboxylate of the present invention are shown below. Methods for incorporating the above compound into the developer include a method of adding it inside the developer and a method of adding it externally. There is. When internally added, the amount of these compounds used is determined by the type of binder resin, the presence or absence of additives used as necessary, and the toner manufacturing method, including the dispersion method, and is not uniquely limited. However, it is preferably 0.00 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the binder resin.
It is used in an amount of 1 to 10 parts by weight (more preferably 0.5 to 5 parts by weight).
また、外添する場合は、樹脂100重量部に対し、0.
01〜lO重量部が望ましい。In addition, when externally added, 0.
01 to 10 parts by weight is desirable.
又、従来公知の荷電制御剤を本発明の荷電制御剤と組み
合わせて使用することもできる。Furthermore, conventionally known charge control agents can be used in combination with the charge control agent of the present invention.
本発明に使用される着色材としては、カーボンブラック
、ランプブラック、鉄黒、群青、ニグロシン染料、アニ
リンブルー、フタロシアニンブルー、フタロシアニング
リーン1ハンザイエローG、ローダミン8G、レーキ、
カルコオイルブルー、クロムイエロー、キナクリドン、
ベンジジンイエロー、ローズベンガル、トリアリルメタ
ン系染料、モノアゾ系、ジスアゾ系染顔料等従来公知の
いかなる染顔料をも単独あるいは混合して使用し得る。Colorants used in the present invention include carbon black, lamp black, iron black, ultramarine blue, nigrosine dye, aniline blue, phthalocyanine blue, phthalocyanine green 1 Hansa yellow G, rhodamine 8G, lake,
Calco oil blue, chrome yellow, quinacridone,
Any conventionally known dyes and pigments such as benzidine yellow, rose bengal, triallylmethane dyes, monoazo dyes, and disazo dyes and pigments can be used alone or in combination.
本発明に使用される結着樹脂としては、ポリスチレン、
ポリp−クロロスチレン、ポリビニルトルエンなどのス
チレン及びその置換体の単重合体:スチレン−p−クロ
ロスチレン共重合体、スチレン−プロピレン共重合体、
スチレン−ビニルトルエン共重合体、スチレンービニル
チフタリン共重合体、スチレン−アクリル酸メチル共重
合体、スチレン−アクリル酸エチル共重合体、スチレン
−アクリル酸ブチル共重合体、スチレン−アクリル酸オ
クチル共重合体、スチレン−メタクリル酸メチル共重合
体、スチレン−メタクリル酸エチル共重合体、スチレン
−メタクリル酸ブチル共重合体、スチレン−α−クロル
メタクリル酸メチル共重合体、スチレン−アクリロニト
リル共重合体、スチレン−ビニルメチルエーテル共重合
体、スチレン−ビニルエチルエーテル共重合体、スチレ
ン−ビニルメチルケトン共重合体、スチレン−ブタジェ
ン共重合体、スチレン−イソプレン共重合体、スチレン
−アクリロニトリル−インデン共重合体、スチレン−マ
レイン酸共重合体、スチレン−マレイン酸エステル共重
合体などのスチレン系共重合体;ポリメチルメタクリレ
ート、ポリブチルメタクリレート、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポ
リ酢酸ビニル、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリエ
ステル、ポリウレタン、ポリアミド、エポキシ樹脂、ポ
リビニルブチラール、ポリアクリル酸樹脂、ロジン、変
性ロジン、テルペン樹脂、フェノール樹脂、脂肪族又は
脂環族炭化水素樹脂、芳香族系石油樹脂、塩素化パラフ
ィン、パラフィンワックスなどがあげられ、単独或いは
混合して使用できる。The binder resin used in the present invention includes polystyrene,
Monopolymers of styrene and its substituted products such as polyp-chlorostyrene and polyvinyltoluene: styrene-p-chlorostyrene copolymers, styrene-propylene copolymers,
Styrene-vinyltoluene copolymer, styrene-vinylthiphthalene copolymer, styrene-methyl acrylate copolymer, styrene-ethyl acrylate copolymer, styrene-butyl acrylate copolymer, styrene-octyl acrylate copolymer Polymer, styrene-methyl methacrylate copolymer, styrene-ethyl methacrylate copolymer, styrene-butyl methacrylate copolymer, styrene-α-methyl chloromethacrylate copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, styrene - Vinyl methyl ether copolymer, styrene-vinyl ethyl ether copolymer, styrene-vinyl methyl ketone copolymer, styrene-butadiene copolymer, styrene-isoprene copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile-indene copolymer, styrene - Styrenic copolymers such as maleic acid copolymers and styrene-maleic acid ester copolymers; polymethyl methacrylate, polybutyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, polyurethane, polyamide, epoxy Resin, polyvinyl butyral, polyacrylic acid resin, rosin, modified rosin, terpene resin, phenol resin, aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbon resin, aromatic petroleum resin, chlorinated paraffin, paraffin wax, etc. Can be used in combination.
又特に圧力定着用に好適な結着樹脂として限定してあげ
ると下記のものが単独或いは混合して使用できる。In particular, as binder resins suitable for pressure fixing, the following can be used alone or in combination.
ポリオレフィン(低分子量ポリエチレン、低分子量ポリ
プロピレン、酸化ポリエチレン、ポリ4弗化エチレンな
ど)、エポキシ樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、スチレン−ブ
タジェン共重合体(七ツマー比5〜30:95〜70)
、オレフィン共重合体(エチレン−アクリル酸共重合体
、エチレン−アクリル酸エステル共重合体、エチレン−
メタクリル酸共重合体、エチレン−メタクリル酸エステ
ル共重合体、エチレン−塩化ビニル共重合体、エチレン
−酢酸ビニル共重合体、アイオノマー樹脂)、ポリビニ
ルピロリドン、メチルビニルエーテル−無水マレイン酸
共重合体、マレイン酸変性フェノール樹脂、フェノール
変性テルペン樹脂。Polyolefin (low molecular weight polyethylene, low molecular weight polypropylene, oxidized polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, etc.), epoxy resin, polyester resin, styrene-butadiene copolymer (7-mer ratio 5-30:95-70)
, olefin copolymers (ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, ethylene-acrylic acid ester copolymer, ethylene-
methacrylic acid copolymer, ethylene-methacrylic acid ester copolymer, ethylene-vinyl chloride copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ionomer resin), polyvinylpyrrolidone, methyl vinyl ether-maleic anhydride copolymer, maleic acid Modified phenolic resin, phenol-modified terpene resin.
さらに本発明のトナーは、二成分系現像剤として用いる
場合にはキャリヤー粉と混合して用いられる。Further, when the toner of the present invention is used as a two-component developer, it is used in combination with a carrier powder.
本発明に使用しうるキャリヤーとしては、公知のものが
すべて使用可能であり、例えば鉄粉、フェライト粉、ニ
ッケル粉の如き磁性を有する粉体、ガラスピーズ等及び
これらの表面を樹脂等で処理したものなどがあげられる
。All known carriers can be used in the present invention, such as magnetic powders such as iron powder, ferrite powder, and nickel powder, glass beads, etc., and carriers whose surfaces have been treated with resin, etc. Things can be given.
さらに本発明のトナーは更に磁性材料を含有させ磁性ト
ナーとしても使用しうる0本発明の磁性トナー中に含ま
れる磁性材料としては、マグネタイト、ヘマタイト、フ
ェライト等の酸化鉄、鉄、コバルト、ニッケルのような
金属或いはこれらの金属とアルミニウム、コバルト、銅
、鉛、マグネシウム、スズ、亜鉛、アンチモン、ベリリ
ウム、ビスマス、カドミウム、カルシウム、マンガン、
セレン、チタン、タングステン、バナジウムのような金
属との合金およびその混合物等が挙げられる。Furthermore, the toner of the present invention can further contain a magnetic material and be used as a magnetic toner. The magnetic materials contained in the magnetic toner of the present invention include iron oxides such as magnetite, hematite, and ferrite, iron, cobalt, and nickel. metals such as or with these metals aluminum, cobalt, copper, lead, magnesium, tin, zinc, antimony, beryllium, bismuth, cadmium, calcium, manganese,
Examples include alloys with metals such as selenium, titanium, tungsten, and vanadium, and mixtures thereof.
これらの強磁性体は平均粒径が0.1〜2.wm程度の
ものが望ましく、トナー中に含有させる量としては樹脂
成分100重量部に対し約20〜200重量部、特に好
ましくは樹脂成分100重量部に対し40〜150重量
部である。These ferromagnetic materials have an average particle size of 0.1 to 2. It is desirable that the amount is approximately 20 to 200 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the resin component, and particularly preferably 40 to 150 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the resin component.
又本発明のトナーは、必要に応じて添加剤を混合しても
よい。添加剤としては、例えばテフロン、ステアリン酸
亜鉛の如き滑剤、あるいは酸化セリウム、炭化ケイ素等
の研磨剤あるいは例えばコロイダルシリカ、酸化アルミ
ニウム等の流動性付与剤、ケーキング防止剤、あるいは
例えばカーボンブラック、酸化スズ等の導電性付与剤、
あるいは低分子量ポリエチレンなどの定着助剤等がある
。Further, the toner of the present invention may be mixed with additives as necessary. Examples of additives include lubricants such as Teflon and zinc stearate, abrasives such as cerium oxide and silicon carbide, flow agents such as colloidal silica and aluminum oxide, anti-caking agents, and carbon black and tin oxide. conductivity imparting agents such as
Alternatively, there are fixing aids such as low molecular weight polyethylene.
本発明に係る静電荷像現像用トナーを作製するには荊記
本発明に係る荷電制御剤をビニール系、非ビニール系の
熱可塑性樹脂及び着色剤としての顔料又は染料、必要に
応じて磁性材料、添加剤等をボールミルその他の混合機
により充分混合してから加熱ロール、ニーダ−、ニクス
トルーダー等の熱混練機を用いて熔融、捏和及び練肉し
て樹脂類を互に相溶せしめた中に顔料又は染料を分散又
は溶解せしめ、冷却固化後粉砕及び分級して平均粒径5
〜20gmのトナーを得ることが出来る。To prepare the toner for developing an electrostatic image according to the present invention, the charge control agent according to the present invention is mixed with a vinyl or non-vinyl thermoplastic resin, a pigment or dye as a coloring agent, and a magnetic material as necessary. , additives, etc. are thoroughly mixed using a ball mill or other mixer, and then melted, kneaded, and kneaded using a heat kneader such as a heated roll, kneader, or Nixtruder to make the resins mutually compatible. Pigment or dye is dispersed or dissolved in the solution, and after cooling and solidifying, it is crushed and classified to obtain an average particle size of 5.
~20gm of toner can be obtained.
あるいは結着樹脂溶液中に材料を分散した後、噴霧乾燥
することにより得る方法、あるいは、結着樹脂を構成す
べき単量体に所定材料を混合して乳化懸濁液とした後に
重合させてトナーを得る重合法トナー製造法、或いはコ
ア材とシェル材から成るいわゆるマイクロカプセルトナ
ーにおいてコア材或いはシェル材或いはその両方に含有
させる方法等が応用出来る。Alternatively, the material can be obtained by dispersing the material in a binder resin solution and then spray-drying it, or by mixing the specified material with the monomers that should constitute the binder resin to form an emulsified suspension and then polymerizing it. A polymerization toner manufacturing method for obtaining a toner, a so-called microcapsule toner consisting of a core material and a shell material, and a method in which the toner is contained in the core material, the shell material, or both can be applied.
これらの方法により作成されたトナーは、従来公知の手
段で電子写真、静電記録及び静電印刷等における静電荷
像を顕像化するための現像用には全て使用出来るもので
下記の如き擾れた効果を生ずるものである。The toners prepared by these methods can be used for developing to visualize electrostatic images in electrophotography, electrostatic recording, electrostatic printing, etc. by conventionally known means. This produces a positive effect.
すなわちトナー粒子間の摩擦電荷量が均一であり、且つ
電荷量の制御が容易である。又使用中変質して摩擦電荷
量がバラツキ又は減少することがなく極めて安定したト
ナーである。このため前記した如き現像カブリ、トナー
飛散、電子写真感光材料及び複写機の汚染等の障害が除
去されると共に、本発明のトナーが極めてすぐれている
ため例えば従来大きな欠点であった保存中トナーの凝集
、塊状化及び低温流動等の現象がおこらず長期保存に耐
えるトナーであり、且つトナー画像の耐摩耗性、定着性
及び接着性にもすぐれている。That is, the amount of frictional charge between toner particles is uniform, and the amount of charge can be easily controlled. Furthermore, the toner is extremely stable, with no variation or decrease in the amount of triboelectric charge due to deterioration during use. Therefore, the above-mentioned problems such as development fog, toner scattering, and contamination of electrophotographic photosensitive materials and copying machines can be eliminated, and since the toner of the present invention is extremely superior, It is a toner that can withstand long-term storage without causing phenomena such as agglomeration, clumping, and low-temperature flow, and also has excellent abrasion resistance, fixing properties, and adhesive properties of toner images.
このようなトナーの優れた効果は帯電、露光、現像、及
び転写の操作を連続してくりかえす反復転写式複写方式
に用いた場合更に拡大された効果を発揮するものである
。さらに荷電制御剤による色調障害がないのもカラー電
子写真用トナーとして使用することにより優れた色彩の
カラー像を形成することが出来るものである
【実施例]
以下本発明を実施例により具体的に説明するが、これは
本発明をなんら限定するものではない、なお以下の配合
における部数はすべて重量部である。These excellent effects of the toner are further magnified when used in a repetitive transfer copying system in which the operations of charging, exposure, development, and transfer are successively repeated. Furthermore, there is no color tone disturbance caused by charge control agents, and when used as a color electrophotographic toner, it is possible to form color images with excellent colors. However, this does not limit the present invention in any way, and all parts in the following formulations are by weight.
実施例1
カーボンブラック(三菱144) 5部低分
子量ポリエチレンワックス 2部化合物(1)2
部
上記材料をブレンダーでよく混合した後150℃に熱し
た2本ロールで混練した。混練物を自然放冷後、カッタ
ーミルで粗粉砕した後、ジェット気流を用いた微粉砕機
を用いて粉砕し、さらに風力分級機を用いて分級して粒
径5〜20μmの微粉体を得た。Example 1 Carbon black (Mitsubishi 144) 5 parts Low molecular weight polyethylene wax 2 parts Compound (1) 2
After thoroughly mixing the above materials in a blender, they were kneaded with two rolls heated to 150°C. After the kneaded material was left to cool naturally, it was roughly pulverized using a cutter mill, then pulverized using a pulverizer using a jet stream, and further classified using an air classifier to obtain a fine powder with a particle size of 5 to 20 μm. Ta.
平均粒径50〜80鉢■の鉄粉キャリア100部に対し
該微粉末5部の割合で混合して現像剤を作成した。A developer was prepared by mixing 5 parts of the fine powder with 100 parts of iron powder carrier having an average particle size of 50 to 80 cm.
次いでopc感光体上に従来公知の電子写真法により、
負の静電荷像を形成し、これを上記の現像剤を用い磁気
ブラシ法で粉体現像してトナー画像を作り、普通紙に転
写し加熱定着させた。得られた転写画像は濃度が充分高
く、かぶりも全くなく、画像周辺のトナー飛び散りがな
く解像力の高い良好な画像が得られた。Next, by a conventionally known electrophotographic method,
A negative electrostatic image was formed, and this was powder-developed using the above-mentioned developer using a magnetic brush method to create a toner image, which was transferred to plain paper and heat-fixed. The resulting transferred image had a sufficiently high density, no fogging, and no toner scattering around the image, resulting in a good image with high resolution.
又耐久時、感光体へのトナーに関わる前記のフィルミン
グ現象も全くみられずクリーニング工程での問題は何ら
見い出せなかった。又このとき定着工程でのトラブルも
なく、30,000枚の耐久テストの終了時、定着機を
観察したがローラーのキズ、いたみもみられず、オフセ
ットトナーによる汚れもほとんどなく実用上全く問題が
なかった。Further, during durability, the above-mentioned filming phenomenon related to toner on the photoreceptor was not observed at all, and no problems were found in the cleaning process. Also, there were no troubles in the fixing process at this time, and at the end of the 30,000-sheet durability test, the fixing machine was observed and there were no scratches or damage to the rollers, and there was almost no dirt from offset toner, so there were no practical problems at all. Ta.
また、環境条件を35℃、85%にしたところ、画像濃
度は常温常湿とほとんど変化のない値であり、カブリや
飛び散りもなく鮮明な画像が得られ耐久性も30,00
0枚までほとんど変化がなかった。In addition, when the environmental conditions were set to 35°C and 85%, the image density was almost the same as normal temperature and humidity, and clear images were obtained without fogging or scattering, and the durability was 30,000 yen.
There was almost no change up to 0 sheets.
次に15°C,10%の低温低湿度において転写画像を
得たところ画像濃度は充分高く、ベタ環も極めて滑らか
に現像、転写され飛び散りゃ中抜けのない優秀な画像で
あった。Next, when a transferred image was obtained at a low temperature and low humidity of 15° C. and 10%, the image density was sufficiently high, the solid ring was developed and transferred extremely smoothly, and the image was excellent without any scattering or hollow spots.
比較例1
化合物(1)2部のかわりに、ニグロシン染料(オリエ
ント化学工業製ニグロシンベースEX)2部を用いる他
は実施例1と同様にして現像剤を得、現像、転写、定着
を行ない同様に画像を得た。Comparative Example 1 A developer was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 2 parts of nigrosine dye (Nigrosine Base EX manufactured by Orient Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) was used instead of 2 parts of compound (1), and development, transfer, and fixing were carried out in the same manner. I got the image.
常温常湿ではカブリは少ないが画像濃度が1.06と低
く線画も飛び散り、ベタ環はガサツキが目立った。At room temperature and humidity, there was little fog, but the image density was low at 1.06, line drawings were scattered, and solid rings were noticeably rough.
又耐久時、10.000枚前後から感光体表面上、トナ
ー材料がうすくスジ状に皮膜をつくり画像上に線となっ
てあられれだした。これはいわゆるフィルミングとよば
れるもので荷電制御剤がトナー粉体の潤滑性を変化させ
たためと考えられる。Further, during durability, the toner material formed a film in the form of thin stripes on the surface of the photoreceptor after about 10,000 sheets, and began to appear as lines on the image. This is so-called filming, and is thought to be due to the charge control agent changing the lubricity of the toner powder.
又耐久時、定着工程で定着画像が定着ローラーにまき込
まれやすい傾向がみもれ、ローラーに対する剥離性に難
があった。Furthermore, during durability, the fixed image tended to be easily caught in the fixing roller during the fixing process, and there was difficulty in releasability from the roller.
また35℃、85%の条件下で画像を得たところ画像濃
度は0.88と低くなりカブリ、飛び散り、ガサツキが
増大した。転写効率も低かった。15℃、10%の条件
下で画像を得たところ、画像濃度は0.91と低く、飛
び散り、カブリ、ガサツキがひどく転写ぬけが目立つ゛
た。When an image was obtained at 35° C. and 85%, the image density was as low as 0.88, and fogging, scattering, and roughness increased. Transfer efficiency was also low. When an image was obtained under conditions of 15° C. and 10%, the image density was as low as 0.91, and there was severe scattering, fogging, roughness, and noticeable transfer omissions.
実施例2
化合物(1)2部のかわりに、化合物(2)3部を用い
る他は実施例1と同様にして現像剤を得、現像、転写、
定着を行い同様に画像を得た。Example 2 A developer was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 3 parts of compound (2) was used instead of 2 parts of compound (1), and the development, transfer, and
Fixation was performed and an image was obtained in the same manner.
詳細な結果は表1及び表2に示すが、実施例1とほぼ同
様な満足のいく結果が得られた。The detailed results are shown in Tables 1 and 2, and satisfactory results almost the same as in Example 1 were obtained.
実施例3
化合物(1)2部のかわりに、化合物(3)2部を用い
る他は実施例1と同様にして現像剤を得、現像、転写、
定着を行い同様に画像を得た。Example 3 A developer was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 2 parts of compound (3) was used instead of 2 parts of compound (1), and development, transfer, and
Fixation was performed and an image was obtained in the same manner.
詳細な結果は表1及び表2に示すが実施例1にほぼ同様
な満足のいく結果が得られた。The detailed results are shown in Tables 1 and 2, and almost the same satisfactory results as in Example 1 were obtained.
実施例4
化合物(1)2部のかわりに、化合物(4)2部を用い
る他は実施例1と同様にして現像剤を得、現像、転写、
定着を行い同様に画像を得た。Example 4 A developer was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 2 parts of compound (4) was used instead of 2 parts of compound (1), and development, transfer, and
Fixation was performed and an image was obtained in the same manner.
詳細な結果は表1及び表2に示すが実施例1にほぼ同様
な満足のいく結果が得られた。The detailed results are shown in Tables 1 and 2, and almost the same satisfactory results as in Example 1 were obtained.
実施例5
四三酸化鉄EPT−500(戸田工業製) 60部
低分子量ポリプロピレンワックス 2部化合物(
1)2部
上記材料をブレンダーでよく混合した後150℃に加熱
した2本ロールで混練した。混練物を自然放冷後、カッ
ターミルで粗粉砕した後、ジェット気流を用いた微粉砕
機を用いて粉砕し、さらに風力分級機を用いて分級して
粒径5〜20濤mの微粉体を得た。Example 5 Triiron tetroxide EPT-500 (manufactured by Toda Kogyo) 60 parts Low molecular weight polypropylene wax 2 parts Compound (
1) 2 parts The above materials were thoroughly mixed in a blender and then kneaded with two rolls heated to 150°C. After the kneaded material is left to cool naturally, it is roughly pulverized using a cutter mill, then pulverized using a pulverizer using a jet stream, and further classified using an air classifier to obtain a fine powder with a particle size of 5 to 20 m. I got it.
次いで、該微粉末100部にシリカ0.4部をサンプル
ミルで混合し、−成分磁性トナーを作成した。Next, 0.4 parts of silica was mixed with 100 parts of the fine powder using a sample mill to prepare a -component magnetic toner.
このトナーを重版の複写機(商品名NP−1502、キ
ャノン■製)に適用して画出ししたところ、実施例1と
ほぼ同様な良好な結果がえられた。When this toner was applied to a reprint copying machine (trade name NP-1502, manufactured by Canon ■) and an image was produced, good results similar to those of Example 1 were obtained.
実施例6
実施例5において、化合物(1)2部のかわりに、化合
物(2)3部を用いる他は実施例5と同様にして現像剤
を得、現像、転写、定着を行い同様に画像を得た。Example 6 A developer was obtained in the same manner as in Example 5, except that 3 parts of compound (2) was used instead of 2 parts of compound (1), and development, transfer, and fixing were carried out in the same manner. I got it.
詳細な結果は表1及び表2に示すが実施例5にほぼ同様
な満足のいく結果が得られた。The detailed results are shown in Tables 1 and 2, and almost the same satisfactory results as in Example 5 were obtained.
実施例7
実施例5において、化合物(1)2部のかわりに、化合
物(3)2部を用いる他は実施例5と同様にして現像剤
を得、現像、転写、定着を行い同様に画像を得た。Example 7 A developer was obtained in the same manner as in Example 5, except that 2 parts of compound (3) was used instead of 2 parts of compound (1), and development, transfer, and fixing were carried out in the same manner as in Example 5. I got it.
詳細な結果は表1及び表2に示すが実施例5にほぼ同様
な満足のいく結果が得られた。The detailed results are shown in Tables 1 and 2, and almost the same satisfactory results as in Example 5 were obtained.
比較例2
実施例5において化合物(1)2部のかわりに、ベンジ
ル−メチル−ヘキサデシルアンモニウムクロ△
ライド2部を用いる他は実施例5と同様に現像剤を得、
同様に画像を得た。常温常湿ではカブリは少ないが画像
濃度が0.81と低く線画も飛び散り、ベタ黒はガサツ
キが目立った。Comparative Example 2 A developer was obtained in the same manner as in Example 5, except that 2 parts of benzyl-methyl-hexadecyl ammonium chloride was used instead of 2 parts of compound (1) in Example 5,
Images were obtained similarly. At room temperature and humidity, there was little fog, but the image density was low at 0.81, line drawings were scattered, and solid black was noticeably rough.
又耐久時の前記フィルミング現象、定着工程での問題も
比較例1とほぼ同様の思わしくないものであった・
また、35℃、85%の条件下で画像を得たところ画像
濃度は0.72と低くなりカブリ、飛び散り、ガサツキ
が増大し、使用に耐えないものであった。In addition, the above-mentioned filming phenomenon during durability and problems in the fixing process were almost the same as those in Comparative Example 1. Also, when images were obtained under conditions of 35° C. and 85%, the image density was 0. 72, and fogging, scattering, and roughness increased, making it unusable.
転写効率も低かった。15°C110%の条件下で画像
を得たところ、画像濃度は0.73と低く、飛び散り、
カブリ、ガサツキがひどく転写ぬけが目立った。Transfer efficiency was also low. When an image was obtained under the conditions of 15°C and 110%, the image density was as low as 0.73, and there was some scattering.
There was severe fogging and roughness, and transfer omissions were noticeable.
実施例8
銅フタロシアニンブルー顔料 5部低分子量
ポリプロピレンワックス 2部化合物(1)2部
上記材料をブレンダーでよく混合した後150”Cに熱
した2本ロールで混練した。混練物を自然放冷後、カッ
ターミルで粗粉砕した後、ジェット気流を用いた微粉砕
機を用いて粉砕し、さらに風力分級機を用いて分級して
粒径5〜20gmの微粉体を得た。Example 8 Copper phthalocyanine blue pigment 5 parts Low molecular weight polypropylene wax 2 parts Compound (1) 2 parts The above materials were thoroughly mixed in a blender and then kneaded with two rolls heated to 150"C. The kneaded product was left to cool naturally. After coarsely pulverizing with a cutter mill, pulverizing with a pulverizer using a jet stream, and further classifying with an air classifier to obtain a fine powder with a particle size of 5 to 20 gm.
次いで該微粉末100部に粒径50〜80gmのキャリ
アー鉄粉50部を混合して現像剤とした。Next, 50 parts of carrier iron powder having a particle size of 50 to 80 gm was mixed with 100 parts of the fine powder to prepare a developer.
この現像剤を用い、第1図に示す現像方法により、画出
しを行なったところ、鮮やかな青色を呈する良好な画像
が得られ、1500枚画出し後、トナー/キャリヤーが
lOg 150gになっても、はとんど画像濃度に変動
は見られなかった。When this developer was used to develop an image using the developing method shown in Figure 1, a good image with a bright blue color was obtained. However, no change in image density was observed.
本現像方法について説明すると、第1図において、lは
静電像保持体、2はトナー担持体、3はホッパー、52
はキャリアートナー混合物により磁気ブラシ、58はト
ナー厚規制用ブレード、50は固定磁石、6は現像用バ
イアス、5はトナーを示す。To explain this developing method, in FIG. 1, l is an electrostatic image holder, 2 is a toner carrier, 3 is a hopper, and 52
5 is a magnetic brush made of a carrier toner mixture, 58 is a toner thickness regulating blade, 50 is a fixed magnet, 6 is a developing bias, and 5 is a toner.
即ち、トナー担持体2上に形成された磁気ブラシ52を
トナー担持体2を回転させることで循環させ、3のホッ
パ中のトナーをとり込んで2上に均一に薄層コートさせ
る0次いでトナー担持体2と静電像保持体lとをトナ一
層厚より大きな間隙で対向させ、2上のトナー5を1上
の静電荷像上へと飛翔現像させる。That is, the magnetic brush 52 formed on the toner carrier 2 is circulated by rotating the toner carrier 2, and the toner in the hopper 3 is taken in and coated in a thin layer uniformly on the hopper 2.Then, the toner is carried. The body 2 and the electrostatic image holding body 1 are opposed to each other with a gap larger than the thickness of one layer of toner, and the toner 5 on 2 is developed by flying onto the electrostatic charge image on 1.
・トナ一層の厚さは、52の磁気ブラシの大きさ、即ち
キャリアの量及び58の規制ブレードで制御する。lと
2との間隙はトナ一層厚より大きめにとり、6の現像バ
イアスを印加しても良い。- The thickness of the toner layer is controlled by the size of the magnetic brush 52, ie, the amount of carrier, and the regulating blade 58. The gap between l and 2 may be made larger than the thickness of the toner layer, and a developing bias of 6 may be applied.
実施例9
銅フタロシアニンブルー顔料 5部低分子量
ポリプロピレンワックス 2部化合物(1)3部
上記材料をブレンダーでよく混合した後150”Cに熱
した2本ロールで混練した。混練物を自然放冷後、カッ
ターミルで粗粉砕した後、ジェット気流を用いた微粉砕
機を用いて粉砕し、さらに風力分級機を用いて分級し、
粒径5〜20gmの微粉体を得た。Example 9 Copper phthalocyanine blue pigment 5 parts Low molecular weight polypropylene wax 2 parts Compound (1) 3 parts The above materials were thoroughly mixed in a blender and then kneaded with two rolls heated to 150"C. The kneaded product was left to cool naturally. After coarsely pulverizing with a cutter mill, pulverizing with a pulverizer using a jet stream, and further classifying with a wind classifier,
A fine powder with a particle size of 5 to 20 gm was obtained.
次いで該微粉末5gに対して、粒径50〜80μ国の磁
性粒子50gを混合し、さらにその上に該微粉末を10
0g加え現像剤とした。Next, 50 g of magnetic particles with a particle size of 50 to 80 μm are mixed with 5 g of the fine powder, and 10 g of the fine powder is added on top of the magnetic particles.
0 g was added to form a developer.
この現像剤を用い、スリーブ上での該磁性粒子の存在量
が約50mg/c+s2となるように磁性粒子を現像部
スリーブ上に存在させ、スリーブに対し周波数800H
z 、 ピーク対ピーク値が1.4kVで、中心値が
一300■の電圧を印加し、現像を行った。Using this developer, magnetic particles were made to exist on the sleeve of the developing section so that the amount of the magnetic particles on the sleeve was about 50 mg/c+s2, and a frequency of 80H was applied to the sleeve.
z, a voltage with a peak-to-peak value of 1.4 kV and a center value of 1,300 cm was applied for development.
鮮やかな青色を呈する良好な画像が得られ、1.500
枚画像を得た後もほとんど画像濃度に変動は見られなか
った。A good image with a bright blue color was obtained, and the image quality was 1.500.
Almost no change in image density was observed even after obtaining a single image.
各実施例および比較例の評価結果を表1及び表2に示す
。The evaluation results of each example and comparative example are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
表 1
0:良好、 Δ:やや不良、×:不良
表2
0:良好、OΔ:やや良好、Δ:やや不良、X:不良C
1発明の効果′コ
本発明によって次の効果が得られる。Table 1 0: Good, Δ: Slightly poor, ×: Bad Table 2 0: Good, OΔ: Slightly good, Δ: Slightly poor, X: Poor C
1 Effects of the Invention The following effects can be obtained by the present invention.
(1)トナー粒子間またはトナーとキャリヤー間、−成
分現像の場合のトナーとスリーブの如きトナー担持体と
の間等の摩擦帯電量が安定で、かつ彦擦帯電量分布がシ
ャープで均一であり、使用する現像システムに適した帯
電量にコントロールできる現像剤である。(1) The amount of frictional charge between toner particles, between toner and carrier, between toner and toner carrier such as a sleeve in the case of -component development is stable, and the distribution of frictional charge is sharp and uniform. It is a developer that can control the amount of charge to suit the developing system used.
(2)潜像に忠実な現像、転写が可能で、しかも長期に
わたり連続使用しても初期の特性を維持し、トナーの凝
集や帯電特性に変化のない現像剤である。(2) The developer is capable of faithfully developing and transferring a latent image, maintains its initial characteristics even when used continuously over a long period of time, and has no change in toner aggregation or charging characteristics.
(3)温度、湿度の変化に影響をうけない安定した画像
を再現でき、しかも鮮やかな有彩色の画像が得られる現
像剤である。(3) A developer that can reproduce stable images that are not affected by changes in temperature and humidity, and that can also produce images in vivid chromatic colors.
(4)静電潜像面を汚したり、摩耗したり、キズをつけ
たりしないクリーニング工程が容易でしかも良好な定着
特性を有する、特に高温オフセット等に問題のない現像
剤である。(4) It is a developer that does not stain, abrade or scratch the electrostatic latent image surface, has an easy cleaning process, has good fixing properties, and is particularly free from problems such as high-temperature offset.
第1図は、本発明に係る正帯電性トナーが適用できる現
像装置の一例の説明図である。
l・・・静電像保持体、2・・・トナー担持体、5・・
・トナー、50・・・磁石、52・・・磁気ブラシ、5
8・・・規制ブレード。FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of an example of a developing device to which the positively chargeable toner according to the present invention can be applied. l... Electrostatic image holder, 2... Toner carrier, 5...
・Toner, 50...Magnet, 52...Magnetic brush, 5
8...Regulation blade.
Claims (1)
酸塩を含有することを特徴とする静電荷像現像用トナー
。(1) A toner for developing electrostatic images characterized by containing a bis(diorganotincarboxylate) dicarboxylate.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP61132742A JPS62289853A (en) | 1986-06-10 | 1986-06-10 | Toner for electrostatic photography |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP61132742A JPS62289853A (en) | 1986-06-10 | 1986-06-10 | Toner for electrostatic photography |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPS62289853A true JPS62289853A (en) | 1987-12-16 |
Family
ID=15088530
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP61132742A Pending JPS62289853A (en) | 1986-06-10 | 1986-06-10 | Toner for electrostatic photography |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS62289853A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1989012849A1 (en) * | 1988-06-24 | 1989-12-28 | Nippon Kayaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Toner for electrophotography |
-
1986
- 1986-06-10 JP JP61132742A patent/JPS62289853A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1989012849A1 (en) * | 1988-06-24 | 1989-12-28 | Nippon Kayaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Toner for electrophotography |
EP0383928A1 (en) * | 1988-06-24 | 1990-08-29 | Nippon Kayaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Toner for electrophotography |
US5061589A (en) * | 1988-06-24 | 1991-10-29 | Nippon Kayaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Toner for electrophotography |
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