JPS61156137A - Electrostatic charge image developing toner - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To enable a triboelectified amt. to be stabilized, and to control it to as harp and unifrom distribution and its amt. suitable to the developing system to be used by incorporating a specified nitroquinoline deriv. CONSTITUTION:The electrostatic charge image developing toner contains one of nitroquino line derivs. represented by the formulae shown on the right in which each of R1-R10 is an electron donative group, such as H, alkyl, or amino. When it is added to the inside of the developer, an amt. to be added depends upon the kind of a binder resin the presence of additives added when needed, and the manufacture method of the toner including its dispersion method, and it can not be limited without consideration, but preferably, it is added in an amt. of 0.1-20pts.wt. per 100pts.wt. of the binder resin, especially, 1-10pts.wt., and when it is added to the outside of the developer, it is preferably to add 0.01-20pts.wt. per 100pts.wt. of the binder resin.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a new toner for developing electrostatic images in electrophotography, electrostatic recording, electrostatic printing, and the like.

[Prior Art] Conventionally, as an electrophotographic method, U.S. Patent No. 2.297,891''-!
Various methods are described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 43-24748, etc., but in short, these methods apply a uniform electrostatic charge to a photoconductive insulating layer and apply light to the insulating layer. An electrostatic latent image is formed by irradiating the image, and then this latent image is developed (visualized) with fine powder called toner in the art, and if necessary, after transferring the powder image to paper etc., heating, Fixing is performed by pressurization or solvent vapor.

The developing methods applied to these electrophotographic methods include:
Broadly speaking, there are dry development methods and wet development methods. The former method is further divided into a method using a two-component developer and a method using a -component developer. Two-component developing methods include:
Magnetic brush method using iron powder carrier, beads and
There are a cascade method using a carrier, a fur brush method using fur, etc.

In addition, those belonging to the -component type development method include a powder cloud method in which toner particles are sprayed, and a contact development method (contact development, or (also referred to as toner development), jumping development method in which toner particles are not brought into direct contact with the electrostatic latent image surface, but are charged and flown toward the latent image surface by the electric field of the electrostatic latent image; and magnetic conductive method. There is the MagneDry method, which develops by bringing a toner into contact with the electrostatic latent image surface.

Conventionally, toners used in these development methods are fine powders in which dyes and pigments are dispersed in natural or synthetic resins. Finely pulverized particles of about 1 to 30 JL are used as toner. As the magnetic toner, one containing magnetic particles such as magnetite is used. In the case of a system using a so-called two-component developer, the toner is usually mixed with carrier particles such as glass beads and iron powder.

Further, the toner is made to hold a positive or negative charge depending on the polarity of the electrostatic latent image to be developed.

In order to make the toner hold an electric charge, it is also possible to use the triboelectricity of the resin that is a component of the toner, but since the toner's chargeability is small with this method, the image obtained by development is prone to fogging and is unclear. Become something. Therefore, in order to impart desired triboelectric chargeability to the toner, dyes and pigments that impart chargeability, as well as charge control agents, are added to the toner.

Currently, the following charge control agents are known in the technical field:

(1) Nigrosine, which positively charges the toner and controls it to 1;
Azine dyes containing carbon a2-1B alkyl groups (Japanese Patent Publication No. 11d42-1827), basic dyes (e.g. G,
1. Ba5ic Yellow 2 (C, 1,410
00), C, I. Ba5ic Yellow 3,
C, 1, Ba5ic Red 1 (G, r, 451
80), C,1,Ba5ic Red 9
(C.A.

42500), C, 1, Ba5ic Violet
1 (G, 1. 42535), C, 1, Ba5ic
Violet 3 (c, I. 42555)C
,L Ba5icViolet 10 (C,1
, 45170), G, 1. Ba5ic Viol
et 14(C,1,42510), C,1,B
a5ic Blue 1 (G,■.

42025), G, 1. Ba5ic Blue 3
(G, 1.51005), G, 1. Bs1c Blu
e 5 (G, 1.42140), C, 1, Ba5
icBlue 7 (C, 1, 42595), C, 1,
Ba5ic Blue 9 (C, 1, 52015), C
,1,Ba5ic Blue 24 (0,15
2030), C6L Ba5ic Blue 25
(C,1,52025) ,C,1,Ba5ic
Blue 2B (C:, 1.44045),
C, 1, Ba5icGreen 1 (G, 1.4
2040), G, 1. Ba5ic Green 4
(G, 1.-42000), C, r, 42510
, G, 1.45170, etc.

Lake pigments of these basic dyes (lake-forming agents include phosphotungstic acid, phosphomolybdic acid, phosphotungsten-molybdic acid, tannic acid, lauric acid, gallic acid, ferricyanide, ferrocyanide, etc.),
C,1,5olvent Black 3(C,1,
'28150), Ha7zai x Low G (G,
I.

11880), C, 1, Mordlant Black
k11,C,1,PigmentBlack1,
Gilnite, asphalt, etc.

Also, fJSA grade ammonium salts, such as benzylmethyl-hexadecyl ammonium chloride, decyl-trimethylammonium chloride, organotin compounds such as dibutyltin oxide, metal salts of higher fatty acids, glass, mica, inorganic fine powders such as zinc oxide, EDTA, Polyamine resins such as metal complexes of acetylacetone, vinyl polymers containing amino groups, and condensation polymers containing amine groups.

(2) A device that controls toner to be negatively charged
No. 0153, No. 43-27596, No. 44-6397
Metal complex salts of monoazo dyes described in No. 4s-2sa7es;

Dyes and pigments such as nitrofumic acid and its salts or C, 1,141345 described in JP-A-50-133338.

Also, Special Publication No. 55-42752, Special Publication No. 58-4150
No. 8, Special Publication No. 59-7384 Y, Special Publication No. 59-738
Salicylic acid, naphthoic acid, metal complexes such as Go, Cr, and Fe, and sulfonated copper phthalocyanine pigments described in No. 5 and the like. Styrene oligomer with nitro group and /\logen introduced. Chlorinated paraffin, melamine resin, etc.

Many of these charge control agents are derived from dyes and pigments.
Generally, they have a complex structure, and many of them have strong coloring properties.

Recently, there are some newly proposed products that are different from these, but none have surpassed dye-pigment-based products in terms of overall performance, and there are still examples of dyes using dyes, although they are still unsatisfactory. Almost.

These are usually added to thermoplastic resins, thermally melted and dispersed, and then finely pulverized and adjusted to a suitable particle size as necessary before use.

However, these dyes used as charge control agents have complex structures, inconsistent properties, and poor stability. In addition, it is easily decomposed or deteriorated due to decomposition during thermal kneading, mechanical impact, friction, changes in temperature and humidity conditions, etc., and tends to cause a phenomenon in which charge controllability is deteriorated.

Therefore, when a toner containing these dyes as a charge control agent is used for development in a copying machine, as the number of copies increases, the charge control agent decomposes or changes in quality, which may cause deterioration of the toner during durability.

Moreover, these charge control agents are uniformly dispersed in the thermoplastic resin! 1t is extremely difficult, which poses a fatal problem of causing a difference in the amount of frictional charge between the toner particles obtained by pulverization. For this reason, various methods have been used to achieve more uniform dispersion. For example, basic nigrosine dyes are used by forming salts with higher fatty acids in order to improve their compatibility with thermoplastic resins, but unreacted fatty acids or salt dispersion products often remain on the toner surface. When exposed, it contaminates the carrier or toner carrier, causing a decrease in toner fluidity, fogging, and a decrease in image density. Alternatively, to improve the dispersion of these charge control agents into the resin,
There is also a method in which charge control agent powder and resin powder are mechanically pulverized and mixed in advance and then hot-melted and kneaded. However, the inherent poor dispersion cannot be avoided, and at present, sufficient uniformity of charge has not yet been obtained for practical use.

Moreover, most of the substances generally known as charge control agents have a dark color, and there is a problem in that they cannot be incorporated into bright chromatic color developers.

In addition, many charge control agents are hydrophilic, and due to poor dispersion in these resins, when pulverized after melt-kneading,
The dye is exposed on the toner surface.

Therefore, when using toner under high humidity conditions, these
Since the charge control agent is hydrophilic, it has the disadvantage that good quality images cannot be obtained.

In this way, when conventional charge control agents are used in toner,
Variations occur in the amount of charge generated on the surface of toner particles between toner particles, between toner and carrier, or between toner and toner support such as a sleeve,
Problems such as development fog, toner scattering, and carrier contamination are likely to occur. Further, this failure becomes a noticeable phenomenon when copying is repeated many times, resulting in a result that is practically unsuitable for copying machines.

Furthermore, under high humidity conditions, the transfer efficiency of toner images decreases significantly, making many toners unusable. Due to the instability of charge control agents, they often undergo deterioration and become unusable due to poor charging properties.

Furthermore, when conventional charge control agents are used in toner, long-term use may cause the charge control agents to adhere to the surface of the photoreceptor or promote toner adhesion, adversely affecting latent image formation (
There are many things that have a negative effect on the cleaning process of a copying machine, such as the filming phenomenon), those that cause scratches on the surface of the photoreceptor or cleaning members such as cleaning blades, and those that accelerate wear of the members.

Furthermore, when conventional charge control agents are used in toner, there are many that have a large effect on the thermal melting properties of the toner and degrade fixing performance.In particular, they deteriorate high-temperature offset performance, and the transfer material during heat roll fixing. There are some that increase the stickiness of the rollers and reduce the durability life of the rollers.

As described above, there are many problems with conventional charge control agents, and there is a strong demand in the technical field to improve these, and although many improvement techniques have been proposed so far,
The reality is that nothing that is comprehensively satisfactory in practical terms has yet been found.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] An object of the present invention is to provide a new technique for toner charge control that overcomes the above drawbacks.

Another object of the present invention is to stabilize the amount of triboelectric charge between toner particles, between a toner and a carrier, or between a toner and a toner carrier such as a sleeve in the case of -component development, and to maintain a stable triboelectricity distribution. To provide a developer that is sharp and uniform, and whose charge amount can be controlled to suit the developing system used.

[1] The developer that performs faithful development and transfer of the latent image, that is, the adhesion of toner in the background area during development, and the prevention of fog and toner scattering around the edges of the latent image. The object of the present invention is to provide a developer which can obtain high image density without any problems and has good halftone reproducibility.

Still another object is to provide a developer that maintains its initial characteristics even when the developer is used continuously over a long period of time, and that causes no toner aggregation or change in charging characteristics.

Another objective is a developer that reproduces stable images that are not affected by changes in temperature and humidity, especially a developer that has high transfer efficiency and does not cause scattering or transfer omissions during transfer at high or low humidity. It is provided by.

Yet another objective is to provide a bright chromatic developer.

Still another objective is to provide a developer with excellent storage stability that maintains its initial characteristics even during long-term storage.

Still another objective is to provide a developer that is easy to clean and does not stain, abrade, or scratch the electrostatic latent image surface.

Still another object is to provide a developer having good fixing properties, especially an I,X developer that does not cause problems such as high temperature offset.

[Means and Effects for Solving the Problems 1] The present invention is based on the following general formula (where R1, R2, R3, Ra, R5, R61R7
, Rs', R9 and Rho represent hydrogen, an electron-donating substituent of an alkyl group or an amine group.

The present inventors have discovered that the compound represented by the above general formula is thermally and temporally stable, has low hygroscopicity, and, when contained in a developer, has a high quality charge that provides a developer with excellent electrophotographic properties. It was found to be a control agent.

The nitroquinoline derivative represented by the above general formula is synthesized by a known method.

Methods for incorporating the above compound into the developer include a method of adding it inside the developer and a method of adding it externally. When internally added, the amount of use of these compounds is determined by the type of binder resin, the presence or absence of additives used as necessary, and the toner manufacturing method, including the dispersion method, and is uniquely limited. However, it is preferably 0.1 to 20 parts by weight (more preferably L to 1
0 parts by weight).

In addition, when externally added, 0.0 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of resin.
1 to 20 parts by weight is preferred.

It is also possible to use conventionally known charge control agents in combination with the charge control agent of the present invention.

Colorants used in the present invention include carbon black, lamp black, iron black, ultramarine blue, nigrolene dye, anilino blue, phthalocyanine blue, phthalocyanine green, Hansa Yellow G, rhodamine 6G, lake,
Calco oil blue, chrome yellow, quinacridone,
Any conventionally known dyes and pigments such as benzidine yellow, rose bengal, triallylmethane dyes monoazo, disazo, dyes and pigments can be used alone or in combination.

The binder resin used in the present invention includes polystyrene,
Monopolymers of styrene and its substituted products such as polyp-chlorostyrene and polyvinyltoluene; styrene-p-chlorostyrene copolymers, styrene-propylene copolymers,
Styrene-vinyltoluene copolymer, styrene-vinylnaphthalene copolymer, styrene-methyl acrylate copolymer, styrene-ethyl acrylate copolymer, methyl y
-Butyl acrylate copolymer, styrene-octyl acrylate copolymer, styrene-methyl methacrylate copolymer, styrene-ethyl methacrylate copolymer, styrene-butyl methacrylate copolymer, styrene ~ α-glormethacrylate acid methyl copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, styrene-vinyl methyl ether copolymer, styrene-vinyl ethyl ether copolymer, styrene-vinyl methyl ketone copolymer, styrene-butadiene copolymer, styrene-isoprene copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile-indene copolymer, styrene-
Styrenic copolymers such as maleic acid copolymers and styrene-maleic acid ester copolymers; polymethyl methacrylate, polybutyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride,
Polyvinyl acetate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, polyurethane, polyamide, epoxy resin, polyvinyl butyral, polyacrylic acid resin, rosin, modified rosin, terpene resin, phenolic resin, aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbon resin, aromatic Examples include petroleum resin, chlorinated paraffin, and paraffin wax, which can be used alone or in combination.

In particular, as binder resins suitable for pressure fixing □, the following can be used alone or in combination.

Polyolefin (low molecular weight polyethylene, low molecular weight polypropylene, polyethylene oxide, polytetrafluoroethylene, etc.), epoxy resin, polyester resin, styrene-butadiene copolymer (monomer ratio 5-30:95-70)
, olebuin copolymer (ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, ethylene-acrylic acid ester copolymer, ethylene-
methacrylic acid copolymer, ethylene-methacrylic acid ester copolymer, ethylene-vinyl chloride copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ionomer resin), polyvinylpyrrolidone, methyl vinyl ether-maleic anhydride copolymer, maleic acid Modified phenolic resin, phenol-modified terpene resin.

Further, when the toner of the present invention is used as a two-component developer, it is used in combination with a carrier powder.

As carriers that can be used in the present invention, all known carriers can be used, such as iron powder, magnetic powders such as ferrite powder and nickel powder, glass beads, etc., and carriers whose surfaces have been treated with resin, etc. etc.

Furthermore, the toner of the present invention can further contain a magnetic material and be used as a magnetic toner. The magnetic materials contained in the magnetic toner of the present invention include iron oxides such as magnetite, hematite, and ferrite. Metals such as iron, cobalt, nickel or these metals such as aluminum, cobalt, copper, lead, magnesium, tin, 1+tr lead, antimony,
These ferromagnetic materials include alloys of metals such as beryllium, bismuth, cadmium, calcium, manganese, selenium, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, and mixtures thereof. The amount contained in the toner is approximately 20 to 200 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the resin component, particularly preferably 40 to 150 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the resin component.

Further, the toner of the present invention may be mixed with additives as necessary. Examples of additives include lubricants such as Teflon and zinc stearate, abrasives such as cerium oxide and silicon carbide, flow agents such as colloidal silica and aluminum oxide, anti-caking agents, and carbon black and tin oxide. conductivity imparting agents such as
Alternatively, there are fixing aids such as low molecular weight polyethylene.

The toner for developing an electrostatic image according to the present invention is prepared by adding the charge control agent according to the present invention to a vinyl-based or non-vinyl thermoplastic resin, a pigment or dye as a coloring agent, and a magnetic material as necessary. The resins are thoroughly mixed using a ball mill or other mixer, and then melted, kneaded, and kneaded using a heat kneader such as a heated roll, niegu, or extruder to make the resins mutually dissolve. Pigments or dyes are dispersed or dissolved in the powder, cooled and solidified, and then crushed and classified to obtain particles with an average particle size of 5 to 5.
You can get 20 liters of toner.

Alternatively, the material can be obtained by dispersing the material in a binder resin solution and then spray-drying it, or by mixing the specified material with the monomers that should constitute the binder resin to form an emulsified suspension and then polymerizing it. Methods such as a polymerization method and a toner production method for obtaining a toner can be applied.

[Examples] The present invention will be specifically explained below using Examples, but these are not intended to limit the present invention in any way. All parts in the following formulations are parts by weight.

Example 1 Carbon black (Mitsubishi Ben 44) 10 parts Low molecular weight polyethylene wax 2 parts 5-nitroquinoline 2 parts The above materials were thoroughly mixed in a blender and then kneaded with two rolls heated to 150°C. After the kneaded material is left to cool naturally, it is roughly pulverized using a cutter mill, then pulverized using a pulverizer using a jet stream, and further classified using an air classifier to obtain a fine powder with a particle size of 5 to 20. Obtained.

A developer was prepared by mixing 5 parts of the fine powder with 100 parts of iron powder carrier having an average particle size of 50 to 80 l.

Further, the amount of triboelectric charge of the developer was measured by a conventional blow-off method. The value was +6.2 ha/g.

Next, by a conventionally known electrophotographic method,
A negative electrostatic charge image was formed, and this was powder-developed using the above-mentioned developer using a magnetic brush method to create a toner image, which was transferred to paper and fixed by heating. The resulting transferred image has a density of 1.
22, which was sufficiently high, and there was no fogging at all, and a good image with high resolution was obtained without toner scattering around the image. L
Transfer images were continuously created using the developer to examine durability, but the transferred images after 30,000 copies were also completely dull compared to the initial images.

Further, during the durability test, the filming phenomenon described in Section 11a related to toner on the photoreceptor was not observed at all, and no problems were found in the cleaning process. Also, there were no troubles in the fusing process at this time, and at the end of the 30,000-sheet durability test, the fusing machine was checked and there were no scratches or damage to the rollers, and there was almost no dirt from offset toner, so there were no practical problems at all. Ta.

In addition, when the environmental conditions were set to 35°C and 85%, the image density was 1.20, a value that was almost unchanged from normal temperature and humidity, and clear images were obtained without fogging or scattering, and the durability was 30,000 yen. There was almost no change until the end. then 15°
When a transferred image was obtained using low-temperature, low-quality dust of 0.10%, the image density was as high as 1.21, solid black was developed and transferred extremely smoothly, and the image was excellent with no hollow spots when scattered. Durability was carried out under these environmental conditions, and the density fluctuation was ±0.2 up to 30,000 copies, which was sufficient for practical use.

Comparative Example 1 2 parts of 2 parts of 5- = 2 parts of quinoline
A developer was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the developer was used, and images were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.

At room temperature and humidity, there was little fog, but the image density was low at 1.08, line drawings were scattered, and solid black was noticeably rough. Durability was investigated and the density decreased to 0.83 after 30,000 sheets.

Also, during durability, the toner material formed a thin streak-like film on the surface of the photoreceptor from around 10,000 sheets, and began to appear as lines on the image. This is thought to be because the agent changed the lubricity of the toner powder.Furthermore, during the durability test, the fixed image tended to get caught up in the fixing roller during the fixing process, making it difficult to peel it off from the roller.

When an image was obtained at 35° C. and 85%, the image density was as low as 0.88°, and fogging, scattering, and roughness increased. The transfer efficiency was also as low as 89%.

When an image was obtained under conditions of 15° C. and 10%, the image density was as low as 0.81, and there were severe scattering, fogging, roughness, and 11 transfer defects. I tried to take continuous images, but
After about 30,000 sheets, the density reached o853, making it unusable.

Example 2 Triiron tetroxide EPT-500 (manufactured by Toda Kogyo) 800
2 parts low-grade polypropylene wax 2 parts 5-nitroquinoline The above materials were thoroughly mixed in a blender and then kneaded with two rolls heated to 150". After the kneaded material was allowed to cool naturally, it was roughly pulverized with a cutter mill. After that, it is pulverized using a pulverizer using a jet stream, and further classified using a wind classifier to obtain particles with a particle size of 5 to 2.
0 g of fine powder was obtained.

Next, hydrophobic colloidal silica R was added to 100 parts of the fine powder.
0.4 part of -972 (manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.) was mixed in a sample mill to prepare a -component magnetic toner.

Further, the amount of triboelectric charge of this toner was measured by a conventional blow-off method. Its value was +8.3 lc/g.

When this toner was applied to a commercially available Copy A (trade name NP-1502, manufactured by Canon ■) and an image was produced, good results almost the same as in Example 1 were obtained.

Comparative Example 2 In Example 2, 2 parts of benzylmethyl-hexadecyl ammonium chloride was used instead of 2 parts of 5-nitroquinoline.
A developer was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2, except that the developer was used, and an image was obtained in the same manner. At room temperature and humidity, there is little fog, but the image density is 0.
．． At 81, the line drawings were scattered and the solid black was noticeably rough. I checked the durability, but the density was 0 after 30,000 sheets.
．． It dropped to 48.

Furthermore, the above-mentioned filming phenomenon during durability and problems in the fixing process were almost the same as those in Comparative Example 1, and were undesirable.

Further, when an image was obtained under the conditions of 35°C and 185%, the image density was as low as 0.72, and fogging, scattering, and roughness increased, making it unusable.

The transfer efficiency was also as low as 63%.

When an image was obtained at 15° C. under conditions of 10% capacity, the image density was as low as 0.73, and there were severe scattering, fogging, roughness, and transfer omissions. I tried to take continuous images, but 3
At the time of 0,000 sheets, the density was 0.58, making it impractical.

Example 3 Copper phthalocyanine blue pigment 5 parts Low molecular weight polypropylene wax 2 parts 5-nitroquinoline 2 parts The above materials were thoroughly mixed in a blender and then kneaded with two rolls heated to 150"0. The kneaded product was left to cool naturally. After coarsely pulverizing with a cutter mill, pulverizing using a pulverizer using a jet stream, and further classifying using an air classifier to obtain a fine powder with a particle size of 5 to 2 mm.

Further, the amount of triboelectric charge of the fine powder was measured by a conventional blow-off method. The value was +9.3 g c/g. Next, 50 g of magnetic particles having a particle size of 50 to 80 l were mixed with 100 parts of the fine powder to prepare a developer.

When this developer was used to develop an image using the developing method shown in Figure 1, a good image with a bright blue color was obtained. However, there was almost no change in the image density, and after that, while replenishing toner,
Good images were obtained even after image printing was performed up to 00,000 sheets.

To explain this developing method, in FIG. 1, l is an electrostatic image holder, 2 is a toner carrier, 3 is a hopper, and 52
5 is a magnetic brush made of a magnetic particle-toner mixture, 58 is a toner thickness regulating blade, 50 is a fixed magnet, 6 is a developing bias, and 5 is a toner.

That is, the magnetic brush 52 formed on the toner carrier 2 is circulated by rotating the toner carrier 2, and the toner in the hover of 3 is taken in and uniformly coated on z in a thin layer. Next, the toner carrier 2 and the electrostatic image carrier 1 are opposed to each other with a gap larger than the thickness of one toner layer, and the toner 5 of 2F2 is developed by flying onto the electrostatic image on the 1st layer.

The thickness of the toner is controlled by the size of the magnetic brush of 52, i.e. h of magnetic particles (and the regulating blade of 5.1 and 2
A developing bias of 6 may be applied by making the gap between the toner and the toner layer larger than the thickness of the toner layer.

[Effects of the Invention] The toner produced by these methods can be used for developing to visualize electrostatic images in electrophotography, electrostatic recording, electrostatic printing, etc. by any conventionally known means. It produces an excellent effect similar to that of Doki.

That is, the amount of frictional charge between toner particles is uniform, and the amount of charge can be easily controlled. Furthermore, the toner is extremely stable, with no variation or decrease in the amount of triboelectric charge due to deterioration during use.

Therefore, the above-mentioned problems such as development fog, toner scattering, contamination of electrophotographic photosensitive materials and copying machines, etc. are eliminated, and the toner of the present invention is extremely superior. It is a toner that can withstand long-term storage without causing phenomena such as agglomeration, agglomeration, and low-temperature flow, and also has excellent abrasion resistance, fixing properties, and adhesion properties of toner images.

These excellent effects of the toner are further magnified when used in a repetitive transfer copying system in which the operations of charging, exposure, development, and transfer are successively repeated.

Further, since there is little color disturbance caused by the charge control agent, it is possible to form color images with excellent colors when used as a color electrophotographic toner.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view for explaining an example of a developing device to which the positively chargeable toner according to the present invention can be applied. l... Electrostatic image holder, 2... Toner carrier, 5...
・Toner, 50...Magnet, 52...Magnetic brush, 5
Day... Regulation blade. Figure 1

Claims (1)

[Claims] (1) The following general formula ▲ There are mathematical formulas, chemical formulas, tables, etc. ▼, ▲ Mathematical formulas, chemical formulas,
There are tables, etc. ▼ ▲ There are mathematical formulas, chemical formulas, tables, etc. ▼, ▲ Mathematical formulas, chemical formulas,
There are tables etc. ▼, (in the formula R_1, R_2, R_3, R_4, R_5, R
6, R_7, R_8, R_9 and R_1_0 represent hydrogen, an electron-donating substituent of an alkyl group or an amino group.