JPS61156138A - Electrostatic charge image developing toner - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To enable a triboelectified amt. to be stabilized, and to control it to a sharp and uniform distribution and its amt. suitable to the developing system to be used by incorporating a specified phthalocyanine or phthalonitrile deriv. CONSTITUTION:The electrostatic charge image developing toner contains one of phthalocyanine or phthalonitrile derivs. representedby the formulae shown on the right in which each of R1-R7 is an electron donative group, such as H, alkyl, or amino. When it is added to the inside of the developer, an amt. to be added depends upon the kind of a binder resin, the presence of additives added when needed, and the manufacture method of the other including its dispersion method, and it cannot be limited without consideration, but preferably, it is added in an amt. of 0.1-20pts.wt. per 100pts.wt. of the binder resin, espe cially, 1-10pts.wt., and when it is added to the outside of the developer, it is preferable to add 0.01-20pts.wt. per 100pts.wt. of the binder resin.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a new toner for developing electrostatic images in electrophotography, electrostatic recording, electrostatic printing, and the like. [Prior Art] Conventionally, various electrophotographic methods have been described in US Pat. No. 2,297,691, Japanese Patent Publication No. 42-23910, Japanese Patent Publication No. 43-24748, etc. , they essentially provide a uniform electrostatic charge on a photoconductive insulator layer, form an electrostatic latent image by irradiating the insulator layer with a light image, and then transfer the latent image to a toner using the technique. The image is developed and visualized using a fine powder known as a powder, and if necessary, the powder image is transferred to paper or the like, and then fixed by heating, pressure, solvent vapor, or the like.

The developing methods applied to these electrophotographic methods include:
Broadly speaking, there are dry development methods and wet development methods. The former method is further divided into a method using a two-component developer and a method using a -component developer. Two-component developing methods include:
Magnetic brush method using iron powder carrier, beads and
There are a cascade method using a carrier, a fur brush method using fur, etc.

In addition, those belonging to the -component type development method include a powder cloud method in which toner particles are sprayed, and a contact development method (contact development, or (also referred to as toner development), jumping development method in which toner particles are not brought into direct contact with the electrostatic latent image surface, but are charged and flown toward the latent image surface by the electric field of the electrostatic latent image; and magnetic conductive method. There is the MagneDry method, which develops by bringing a toner into contact with the electrostatic latent image surface.

Conventionally, toners used in these development methods are fine powders in which dyes and pigments are dispersed in natural or synthetic resins. Particles obtained by finely pulverizing particles into about 1 to 30 particles are used as toner. As the magnetic toner, one containing magnetic particles such as magnetite is used. In the case of a system using a so-called two-component developer, the toner is usually mixed with carrier particles such as glass beads and iron powder.

Further, the toner is made to have a positive or negative charge depending on the polarity of the electrostatic latent image to be developed.

In order to make the toner hold an electric charge, it is also possible to use the triboelectricity of the resin that is a component of the toner, but since the toner's chargeability is small with this method, the image obtained by development is prone to fogging and is unclear. Become something. Therefore, in order to impart the desired triboelectric charge to the toner, dyes, pigments, and even charge control agents that impart chargeability are added to the toner.

Charge control agents currently known in the art include the following.

(1) The following substances are used to control the toner to be positively charged/semi-charged.

Nigrosine, azine dyes containing an alkyl group having 2 to 16 carbon atoms (Japanese Patent Publication No. 1627/1986), basic dyes (e.g. C,1,Ba5ic Yellow 2 (C,1
, 41000), C, 1, Ba5ic Yellow
3, C, 1, Ba5ic Red 1 (G, 1.
45180), C,1,Ba5ic Red 9
(C:, 1.-42500), C, 1, Ba5ic
Violet 1 ((:, 1.42535), C, 1
, Ba5ic Violet 3 (C, 1, 4
2555) G, 1. Ba5icViolet 10
(C,1,45170), C,1,Ba5ic V
iolet 14 (C, 1, 42510), C, 1,
Ba5ic Blue 1 (C, I.

42025), C, L Ba5ic Blue 3
(C, 1, 51005), C, I.

Bs1c Blue 5 (C, 1, 42140), C
, L Ba5ic Blue? (C:, 1.425
95), C,1,Ba5ic Blue 8 (
C,1゜52015), C,1,Ba5ic Blue
e 24 (G, 1. 52030), c, r.

Ba5ic Blue 25 (C, 1,520
25), C,1,Ba5icBlue 2B (G
, 1.44045), C, 1, Ba5ic Green
1 (C, 1, 42040), C, 1, Ba5ic
Green 4 (C, 1°42000), C
,I. 42510, C, 1, 45170, etc. (Laking agents include phosphotungstic acid, phosphomolybdic acid, phosphotungsten molybdic acid, tannic acid, lauric acid, gallic acid,
ferricyanide, ferrocyanide, etc.),
C,1,5olventBlack 3 (C,!.

213150), Handy! 0-G (G, 1.
1188G), C,X.

Mordlant Black 11. C,L Pi
gmentBIack 1, Gilt Night, Asphalt, etc.

and quaternary ammonium salts, such as pencil methyl-
Organic tin compounds such as hexadecyl ammonium chloride, decyl-trimethylammonium chloride, dibutyltin oxide, metal salts of higher fatty acids, inorganic fine powders such as glass, mica, and zinc oxide, metal complexes such as EDTA and acetylacetone, etc., containing amino groups. Polyamine resins such as vinyl polymers that contain amine groups and condensation polymers that contain amine groups.

(2) The following substances can be used to control the negative chargeability of toner.

Special Publication No. 41-20153, No. 43-275913,
Metal complex salts of monoazo dyes described in 44-6397 and 45-28478.

Dyes and pigments such as nitrofumic acid and its salts or C, 1,14845 described in JP-A-50-133338.

and Special Publication No. 55-42752, Special Publication No. 58-415
No. 08, Special Publication No. 59-7384, Special Publication No. 59-738
Metal complexes such as Go, Cr, and Fe of salicylic acid, naphthoic acid, and guicarboxylic acid described in No. 5 etc., sulfonated copper phthalocyanine [+, nitro group,
Styrene oligomers containing halogens, chlorinated paraffins, melamine resins, etc.

Many of these charge control agents are derived from dyes and pigments.
Generally, they have a complex structure, and many of them have strong coloring properties.

Recently, there are some newly proposed products that are different from these, but none of them have better comprehensive properties than dyes and pigments, and there are still unsatisfactory examples of dyes being used. Most of them are.

These are usually added to thermoplastic resins, thermally melted and dispersed, and then finely pulverized and adjusted to a suitable particle size as necessary before use.

However, these dyes used as charge control agents have complex structures, inconsistent properties, and poor stability. In addition, it is easily decomposed or deteriorated due to decomposition during thermal kneading, mechanical impact, friction, changes in temperature and humidity conditions, etc., and tends to cause a phenomenon in which charge controllability is deteriorated.

Therefore, when a toner containing these dyes as a charge control agent is used for development in a copying machine, as the number of copies increases, the charge control agent decomposes or changes in quality, which may cause deterioration of the toner during durability.

Furthermore, since it is extremely difficult to uniformly disperse these charge control agents in thermoplastic resins, they pose the fatal problem of causing differences in the amount of frictional charge between toner particles obtained by pulverization. have. For this reason, various methods have been used to achieve more uniform dispersion.
Basic nigrosine dyes are used by forming salts with higher fatty acids in order to improve their compatibility with thermoplastic resins.
Dispersion products of unreacted fatty acids or salts are often exposed on the toner surface and contaminate the carrier or toner carrier, causing a decrease in toner fluidity, fog, and a decrease in image density. There is. Alternatively, in order to improve the dispersion of these charge control agents into the resin, a method has also been adopted in which charge control agent powder and resin powder are mechanically pulverized and mixed in advance and then hot melt-kneaded. but.

The inherent poor dispersion cannot be avoided, and the current situation is that sufficient charge uniformity has not yet been obtained for practical use.

Moreover, most of the substances generally known as charge control agents have a dark color, and there is a problem in that they cannot be incorporated into bright chromatic color developers.

In addition, many charge control agents are hydrophilic, and due to poor dispersion in these resins, when pulverized after melting and mixing,
The dye is exposed on the toner surface.

Therefore, when using toner under high humidity conditions, these
Since the charge control agent is hydrophilic, there is a problem in that good quality images cannot be obtained.

In this way, when conventional charge control agents are used in toner,
Variations occur in the amount of charge generated on the surface of toner particles between toner particles, between toner and carrier, or between toner and a toner carrier such as a sleeve,
Problems such as development fog, toner scattering, carrier contamination, etc. are likely to occur, and these problems become noticeable when copying is repeated many times, resulting in a result that is practically unsuitable for copying machines.

Furthermore, under high humidity conditions, the transfer efficiency of toner images decreases significantly, making many toners unusable. Due to the instability of the charge control agent, it often undergoes deterioration and becomes unusable due to poor charging properties.

Furthermore, when conventional charge control agents are used in toner, long-term use may cause the charge control agents to adhere to the surface of the photoreceptor or promote toner adhesion, adversely affecting latent image formation (
There are many things that have a negative effect on the cleaning process of a copying machine, such as the filming phenomenon), those that cause scratches on the surface of the photoreceptor or cleaning members such as cleaning blades, and those that accelerate wear of the members.

Furthermore, when conventional charge control agents are used in toner, there are many that have a large effect on the thermal melting properties of the toner and degrade fixing performance.In particular, they deteriorate high-temperature offset performance, and the transfer material during heat roll fixing. There are some that increase the stickiness of the rollers and reduce the durability life of the rollers.

As described above, there are many problems with conventional charge control agents, and there is a strong demand in the technical field to improve these, and although many improvement techniques have been proposed so far,
The reality is that nothing that is comprehensively satisfactory in practical terms has yet been found.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] An object of the present invention is to provide a new technique for toner charge control that overcomes these problems.

Another object of the present invention is to stabilize the amount of triboelectric charge between toner particles, between a toner and a carrier, or between a toner and a toner carrier such as a sleeve in the case of -component development, and to maintain a stable triboelectricity distribution. To provide a developer that is sharp and uniform, and whose charge amount can be controlled to suit the developing system used.

Another objective is to develop the developer faithfully to the latent image and to perform the transfer, i.e., toner adhesion in the background area during development, fog, and toner removal around the edges of the latent image. To provide a developer that is free from scattering, provides high image turbidity, and has good halftone reproducibility.

Still another object is to provide a developer that maintains its initial characteristics even when the developer is used continuously over a long period of time, and that causes no toner aggregation or change in charging characteristics.

Another objective is to develop a developer that reproduces stable images unaffected by changes in temperature and humidity, especially a developer with high transfer efficiency that does not cause scattering or transfer omissions during transfer at high or low humidity. It is provided by.

Still another object is to provide a bright chromatic developer.

Still another object is to provide a developer with excellent storage stability that maintains its initial characteristics even during long-term storage.

Still another object is to provide a developer that does not stain, abrade, or scratch the electrostatic latent image surface and is easy to clean.

Still another object is to provide a developer that has good fixing properties, particularly a developer that does not have problems such as high-temperature offset.

[Means and effects for solving the problems] The present invention is directed to the following general formula [where R+ + R2, R3+ Ra * Rs
+Rh and R7 mean hydrogen, an alkyl group, or an electron-donating substituent of an ami7 group. ] The present invention relates to a toner for developing electrostatic images characterized by containing a phthalocyanine or a phthalonitrile derivative represented by the following.

The present inventors have discovered that the compound represented by the above general formula is stable over time and has low hygroscopicity, and when contained in a developer, has a high quality charge that provides a developer with excellent electrophotographic properties. It was found to be a control agent.

The above compounds are synthesized by known methods.

The derivative can be easily obtained from an ester of terephthalic acid by dehydration with niline pentoxide.

Methods for incorporating the above compound into the developer include a method of adding it inside the developer and a method of adding it externally. When internally added, the amount of these compounds used is determined by the type of binder resin, the presence or absence of additives used as necessary, and the toner manufacturing method, including the dispersion method, and is not uniquely limited. However, it is preferably 0.1 to 20 parts by weight (more preferably 1 to 20 parts by weight) per 100 parts by weight of the binder resin.
(lo parts by weight).

In addition, when externally added, 0.0 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of resin.
1 to 20 parts by weight is preferred.

It is also possible to use conventionally known charge control agents in combination with the charge control agent of the present invention.

Colorants used in the present invention include carbon black, lamp black, iron black, ultramarine blue, nigrolene dye, aniline blue, phthalocyanine blue, phthalocyanine green, Hansa Yellow G, rhodamine 6G, lake,
Calco oil blue, chrome yellow, quinacridone,
Any conventionally known dyes and pigments such as benzidine yellow, rose bengal, triallylmethane dyes monoazo, disazo, dyes and pigments can be used alone or in combination.

The binder resin used in the present invention includes polystyrene,
Homopolymers of styrene and its substituted products such as polyp-chlorostyrene and polyvinyltoluene; styrene-P-chlorostyrene copolymer, styrene-propylene copolymer, styrene-vinyltoluene copolymer, styrene-vinylnaphthalene copolymer, styrene-methyl acrylate copolymer, polymer, styrene-ethyl acrylate copolymer, styrene-butyl acrylate copolymer, styrene-octyl acrylate copolymer, styrene-methyl methacrylate copolymer, Styrene-ethyl methacrylate copolymer, styrene-butyl methacrylate copolymer, styrene-alpha-methyl methacrylate copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, styrene-vinyl methyl ether copolymer, styrene- vinyl ethyl ether copolymer,
Styrene-vinyl methyl ketone copolymer, styrene-butadiene copolymer, styrene-isoprene copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile-indene copolymer, styrene-maleic acid copolymer, styrene-maleic acid ester copolymer, etc. Styrenic copolymers; polymethyl methacrylate, polybutyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, polyethylene, polypropylene,
Polyester, polyurethane, polyamide, epoxy resin, polyvinyl butyral, polyacrylic acid resin, rosin, modified rosin, terpene resin, phenolic resin, aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbon resin, aromatic petroleum resin, chlorinated paraffin, paraffin wax These can be used alone or in combination.

In particular, as binder resins suitable for pressure fixing, the following can be used alone or in combination.

Polyolefin (low molecular weight polyethylene, low molecular weight polypropylene, polyethylene oxide, polytetrafluoroethylene, etc.), epoxy resin, polyester resin, styrene-butadiene copolymer (monomer ratio 5-30:95-70)
, olefin copolymers (ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, ethylene-acrylic acid ester copolymer, ethylene-
methacrylic acid copolymer, ethylene-methacrylic acid ester copolymer, ethylene-vinyl chloride copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ionomer resin), polyvinylpyrrolidone, methyl vinyl ether-maleic anhydride copolymer, maleic acid Modified phenolic resin, phenol-modified terpene resin.

Further, when the toner of the present invention is used as a two-component developer, it is used in combination with a carrier powder.

As carriers that can be used in the present invention, all known carriers can be used, such as iron powder, magnetic powders such as ferrite powder and nickel powder, glass beads, etc., and carriers whose surfaces have been treated with resin, etc. etc.

Furthermore, the toner of the present invention can further contain a magnetic material and be used as a magnetic toner. The magnetic materials contained in the magnetic toner of the present invention include iron oxides such as magnetite, hematite, and ferrite, iron, cobalt, and nickel. metals such as aluminum, cobalt, copper, lead, magnesium, tin, zinc, antimony, beryllium, bismuth, cadmium, calcium, manganese,
Selenium, titanium, tungsten, vanadium.

Examples include alloys of such metals and mixtures thereof.

These ferromagnetic materials preferably have an average particle size of about 0.1 to 2 IL, and are contained in the toner in an amount of about 20 to 200 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the resin component, particularly preferably 100 parts by weight of the resin component. 40 to 150 parts by weight.

Further, the toner of the present invention may contain additives as required. Examples of additives include lubricants such as Teflon and zinc stearate, abrasives such as cerium oxide and silicon carbide, or colloidal silica, etc. Fluidity imparting agents such as aluminum oxide, anti-caking agents, or conductivity imparting agents such as carbon black and tin oxide,
Alternatively, there are fixing aids such as low molecular weight polyethylene.

The toner for developing an electrostatic image according to the present invention is prepared by adding the charge control agent according to the present invention to a vinyl-based or non-vinyl thermoplastic resin, a pigment or dye as a coloring agent, and a magnetic material as necessary. The resins are thoroughly mixed using a ball mill or other mixer, and then melted, kneaded, and kneaded using a heat kneader such as a heated roll, kneader, or extruder to make the resins mutually dissolve. Pigments or dyes are dispersed or dissolved, cooled and solidified, and then crushed and classified to obtain particles with an average particle size of 5 or more.
20. of toner can be obtained.

Alternatively, the material can be obtained by dispersing the material in a binder resin solution and then spray-drying it, or by mixing the specified material with the monomers that should constitute the binder resin to form an emulsified suspension and then polymerizing it. Methods such as a polymerization method and a toner production method for obtaining a toner can be applied.゛[Example] The present invention will be specifically explained below with reference to Examples, but these are not intended to limit the present invention in any way. All parts in the following five formulations are parts by weight.

Example 1 Carbon black (Mitsubishi Ken 44) To part Low molecular weight polyethylene wax 2 parts O-phthalonitrile 2 parts The above materials were thoroughly mixed in a blender and then kneaded with two rolls heated to 150°C. After the kneaded material is left to cool naturally, it is roughly pulverized using a cutter mill, then pulverized using a pulverizer using a jet stream, and further classified using an air classifier to obtain a fine powder with a particle size of 5 to 20. Obtained.

A developer was prepared by mixing 5 parts of the fine powder with 100 parts of iron powder carrier having an average particle size of 50 to 80 l.

Next, by a conventionally known electrophotographic method,
A negative electrostatic image was formed, and this was powder-developed using the above-mentioned developer using a magnetic brush method to create a toner image, which was transferred to plain paper and heat-fixed. The resulting transferred image has a density of 1.
28, which was sufficiently high, and there was no fogging at all, and a good image with high resolution was obtained with no toner scattering around the image. Transfer images were continuously created using the above developer and their durability was examined, and the transferred images after 30,000 copies were also completely dull compared to the initial images.

Further, during durability, the above-mentioned filming phenomenon related to toner on the photoreceptor was not observed at all, and no problems were found in the cleaning process. Also, there were no troubles in the fusing process at this time, and at the end of the 30,000-sheet durability test, the fusing machine was checked and there were no scratches or damage to the rollers, and there was almost no dirt from offset toner, so there were no practical problems at all. There wasn't. ' Also, when the environmental conditions were set to 35°C and 85%, the image density was 1.26, a value that was almost unchanged from normal temperature and humidity, and clear images were obtained without fogging or scattering, and the durability was 30. 15℃ at the 0th order, which hardly changed until 000 sheets
When a transferred image was obtained at a low temperature and low quality of 10%, the image density was as high as 1.32, solid black was developed and transferred extremely smoothly, and the image was excellent with no splatters or voids. Durability was carried out under these environmental conditions, and the density fluctuation was ±0.2 up to 30,000 copies, which was sufficient for practical use, even though copies were made continuously and intermittently.

Comparative Example 1 A developer was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 2 parts of nigrosine dye was used instead of 2 parts of a-7tao=.tolyl, and an image was obtained in the same manner by performing development, transfer, and fixing. .

At room temperature and humidity, there was little fog, but the image density was low at 1.06, line drawings were scattered, and solid rings were noticeably rough. Durability was investigated and the density decreased to 0.83 after 30,000 sheets.

Further, during the durability test, the toner material formed a film in the form of thin stripes on the surface of the photoreceptor before and after the photoreceptor, and began to appear as lines on the image. This is so-called filming, and is thought to be due to the charge control agent changing the lubricity of the toner powder.

Furthermore, during durability, the fixed image tended to get caught up in the fixing roller during the fixing process, and there was difficulty in peeling it off from the roller.

When an image was obtained at 35° C. and 85%, the image density was as low as 0.88, and fogging, scattering, and roughness increased. Transfer efficiency was also low. When an image was obtained under conditions of 15° C. and 10%, the image density was as low as 0.91, and there was severe scattering, fogging, and roughness, and transfer omissions were noticeable. Continuous image production was performed, but the density became 0.53 after about 30,000 sheets, making it impractical.

Example 2 A developer was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 3 parts of 0-phthalonitrile was used instead of 2 parts of 0-phthalonitrile.
Development, transfer, and fixing were performed to obtain an image in the same manner.

The detailed results are shown in Tables 1 and 2, and satisfactory results substantially similar to those of Example 1 were obtained.

Example 3 A developer was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 3 parts of p-phthalonitrile was used instead of 2 parts of 0-phthalonitrile, and an image was obtained by performing development, transfer, and fixing in the same manner.

The detailed results are shown in Tables 1 and 2, and almost the same satisfactory results as in Example 1 were obtained.

Example 4 1,4-dicyano- instead of 2 parts of 0-phthalonitrile
A developer was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 2 parts of 2-methylbenzene was used, and an image was obtained in the same manner by performing development, transfer, and fixing.

The detailed results are shown in Tables 1 and 2, and almost the same satisfactory results as in Example 1 were obtained.

Example 5 Triiron tetroxide EPT-500 (Toda Kogyo Department) 60 parts Unbalanced molecular weight polypropylene wax 2 parts O-phthalonitrile 2 parts The above materials were thoroughly mixed in a blender and then kneaded with two rolls heated to 150°C. After the kneaded material is left to cool naturally, it is roughly pulverized using a cutter mill, then pulverized using a pulverizer using a jet stream, and further classified using an air classifier to obtain a fine powder with a particle size of 5 to 20 l. Obtained.

Next, hydrophobic colloidal silica R was added to 100 parts of the fine powder.
0.4 part of -972 (manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.) was mixed in a sample mill to prepare a -component magnetic toner.

When this toner was applied to a commercially available copying machine (trade name: MP-1502, manufactured by Canon ■) and an image was produced, good results similar to those of Example 1 were obtained.

Comparative Example 2 In Example 2, 2 parts of benzylmethyl-hexadecyl ammonium chloride was used instead of 2 parts of 0-phthalonitrile.
A developer was obtained in the same manner as in Example 5, except that the developer was used, and an image was obtained in the same manner. At room temperature and humidity, there is little fog, but the image density is 0.
．． At 81, the line drawings were scattered and the solid rings were noticeably rough. I checked the durability, but the density was 0 after 30,000 sheets.
．． It dropped to 48.

Furthermore, the above-mentioned filming phenomenon during durability and problems in the fixing process were almost the same as those in Comparative Example 1, and were undesirable.

Further, when an image was obtained under conditions of 35° C. and 85%, the image density was as low as 0.72, and fogging, scattering, and roughness increased, making it unusable.

Transfer efficiency was also low. When an image was obtained at 15°C and 10%, the image density was as low as 0.73, and there was some scattering.
There was severe fogging and roughness, and transfer omissions were noticeable. I performed continuous image printing, but the density was 0.5 after 30,000 sheets.
9, making it impractical.

Example 6 Copper phthalocyanine blue pigment 5 parts Low molecular weight polypropylene wax 2 parts p-phthalonitrile 2 parts The above materials were thoroughly mixed in a blender and then kneaded with two rolls heated to 150°C. After the kneaded material is left to cool naturally, it is roughly pulverized using a cutter mill, then pulverized using a pulverizer using a jet stream, and further classified using an air classifier to obtain a fine powder with a particle size of 5 to 20. Obtained.

Next, 50 g of magnetic particles having a particle size of 50 to 80 l were mixed with 100 parts of the fine powder to prepare a developer.

Using this developer, one image was produced using the developing device shown in Fig. 1, and a good image with a bright blue color was obtained. However, there was almost no change in the image density, and after that, while replenishing toner,
Good images were obtained even after printing up to 10,000 images.

To explain this developing method, in FIG.
is an electrostatic image carrier, 2 is a toner carrier, 3 is a hopper, 5
2 is a magnetic brush made of a magnetic particle-toner mixture, 58 is a toner thickness regulating blade, 50 is a fixed magnet, 6 is a developing bias, and 5 is a toner.

That is, the magnetic brush 52 formed on the toner carrier 2 is circulated by rotating the toner carrier 2, and the toner in the hover of 3 is taken in and coated in a thin layer uniformly on 2.Then, the toner is carried. The body 2 and the electrostatic image holding body 1 are made to face each other with a gap greater than the thickness of one layer of toner, and the toner 5 on the body 2 is
The image is developed by flying onto the electrostatic charge image above.

The thickness of the toner corresponds to the size of the magnetic brush 52. l
The gap between and 2 may be made larger than the thickness of the toner layer, and a developing bias of 6 may be applied.

Table 1 [Effects of the Invention] The toners produced by these methods can be used for development to visualize electrostatic charge images in electrophotography, electrostatic recording, electrostatic printing, etc. by conventionally known means. It is possible to achieve the following excellent effects.

That is, the amount of frictional charge between toner particles is uniform, and the amount of charge can be easily controlled. Furthermore, the toner is extremely stable, with no variation or decrease in the amount of triboelectric charge due to deterioration during use.

Therefore, the above-mentioned problems such as development fog, toner scattering, and contamination of electrophotographic photosensitive materials and copying machines are eliminated, and since the toner of the present invention is extremely superior, for example, toner damage during storage, which has been a major problem in the past, has been eliminated. It is a toner that can withstand long-term storage without causing phenomena such as agglomeration, clumping, and low-temperature flow, and also has excellent abrasion resistance, fixing properties, and adhesive properties of toner images.

These excellent effects of the toner are further magnified when used in a repetitive transfer copying system in which the operations of charging, exposure, development, and transfer are successively repeated.

Furthermore, since there is little color disturbance caused by the charge control agent, it is possible to form color images with excellent colors when used as a color electrophotographic toner.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view for explaining an example of a developing device to which the positively chargeable toner according to the present invention can be applied. l... Electrostatic image holder, 2... Toner carrier, 5...
・Toner, 50...Magnet, 52...Magnetic brush, 5
8...Regulation blade.

Claims (1)

[Claims] (1) The following general formula ▲ There are mathematical formulas, chemical formulas, tables, etc. ▼, ▲ Mathematical formulas, chemical formulas,
There are tables, etc. ▼, ▲ There are mathematical formulas, chemical formulas, tables, etc. ▼ [In formulas R_1, R_2, R_3, R_4, R_5, R_
6 and R_7 mean hydrogen, an electron-donating substituent of an alkyl group or an amino group. ] A toner for developing an electrostatic image, characterized by containing a phthalocyanine or a phthalonitrile derivative represented by the following.