JPS6225632A - Building system - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] This invention is designed so that buildings, walls, cross walls, etc. can be easily constructed without requiring special equipment or techniques. It concerns architectural systems.

[Prior Art and Problems to be Solved by the Invention] Conventional building systems have been complex and expensive to implement. This is because a large number of differently shaped blocks have to be used in appropriate combinations and/or a large number of blocks have to be manufactured, stored, selected and assembled; This contradicted the concept of easy construction. The complexity of implementing the method thus increases costs and requires skilled personnel to select the type of blocks to be used for a particular building. For example, Canadian Patent No. 1.142.
For No. 773, a mold that matches the beam or door head is made.

A mating block consists of a method in which the struts are extended through this mold or the male and female blocks are mated to form a group or passage suitable for the internal conduit duct or cable duct. Disclosed. This system does not require skilled operators, but it does require specialized machinery to manufacture. Additionally, this system requires blocks of various shapes to create building contours such as corners, supports, cross walls, etc.

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the invention to provide a basic interconnection system using three basic types of blocks with which the required structures can be built.

Another object of the invention is to provide a building system that does not require specialized equipment or skilled personnel.

Another object of the invention is to provide a means for precisely shaping blocks.

Another object of the invention is to use as few molds as possible in order to reduce manufacturing costs.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a block that can be three-dimensionalized to facilitate transportation and storage.

Yet another object of the invention is to enable the builder to easily select and use the required blocks.

Means for Solving Problem C] To solve the above object, the present invention provides a building system using blocks that are joined together to create all types of structures, the building system being able to・Blocks and half blocks - A set of three blocks, a block and a knockout block, is used, and a full block has two outer surfaces, two outer end surfaces, and one inner cavity. two intermediate ventral plates capable of separately forming two smaller complementary cavities of the same size, and each intermediate ventral plate is provided with an ear projecting from the top surface of said block. and said two complementary cavities each have three groove surfaces, the dimensions of the groove surfaces are designed for male-female mating with the ears, and all of the groove surfaces between the groove surfaces and the end surfaces are designed to mate with the ears. The dimensions are the same, and any combination of two grooves is set to be narrower than the distance between the ears, and all dimensions between the tapered groove surfaces are set to be narrower than the distance between the ears. be set larger than the dimensions of
4 grooves are tapered and sized to be larger at the bottom than at the top, and the vertical length of the half block is equal to the vertical length of the full block. It is a half block, and the lateral and height dimensions of the half block are set to the same dimensions as those of the full block, and the knockout block is a complementary material to the above two types of blocks. It is designed,
The horizontal dimension and the height dimension are set to be the same so as to fit with those blocks.

[Embodiments] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The building system according to the present invention is based on three basic building block combinations: full blocks, half blocks, and knockout blocks. These blocks can be used to build load-bearing structures, which must be manufactured precisely so that each block can be bonded to each other without the use of mortar.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a plurality of full blocks according to the present invention arranged side by side, and FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of the full blocks according to the present invention. Plan view, Figure 5 is ■-v in Figure 4
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along the fourth line VI--VI.

1) All dimensions between the groove surface lOO and the surface 102 and between the groove surface lOO and the side surface lO1 are set to the same size. No matter how the two grooves are combined, the distance must be smaller than the distance between ears 107AB and ears 107AC.

2) The dimension between the tapered groove surfaces 106 must be larger than the dimension between the side surfaces of the ear portion 107BB or the ear portion 107cc.

3) The tapered groove 106 is dimensioned larger at the bottom 109 than at the top surface 108. By reducing the dimensions in this way, the ear portion 107A is formed in the tapered groove 106.
When B and the ear portion 107Ac come into contact, the position is reliably determined.

4) The central belly plate 103 is provided at an important position for accurately arranging the protruding ears 107AB and 107AC. These allow advanced systems using this block to be used in a variety of applications.

Preferably, the ears 104 protrude from said top surface 108 by a length that is a proportion of from 115 to 1/25 of the distance between the bottom surface 109 of the block and the top surface lO8 of the block.

Figure 2 is a plan view showing an example of a half block, and Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of Figure 2 taken along the line ■-■. be.

The vertical dimension of the half block is sized exactly half the vertical dimension of the full block, and the horizontal and height dimensions of the half block are equal to those of the full block. The dimensions are set to be the same as the dimensions. child·
It can be applied to any combination in any building system. Groove 2 formed inside surrounded by each outer surface 201
00 is the ear part 107AB or 107 of the full block
It extends in the plane of the AC, and also in the plane of the block, that is, a combination of the end faces or sides of the full block, half block, or the lynchill block to be described later.

The main function of the half blocks is to provide a straight end wall finish to the wall surface made using the method of the invention by adopting the joining methods used in the field of architecture.

The characteristics of the half block are that it has a large empty space and has four inner thigh recesses in the four inner block walls. FIG. 2 shows that the half-small lock does not have prominent ears. Nevertheless, it can be fitted in conjunction with the basic block.

FIG. 7 is a plan view showing an embodiment of the knockout block, FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line ■-■ in FIG. 7, and FIG.
The figure is a cross-sectional view taken along the seventh line IX-IK, and FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along the seventh line XX.

The knockout block is designed as a complement to the two types of blocks described above, and has the same lateral and height dimensions to fit with those blocks.

The two main functions of a lynching block or knockout blow are:

1) One abdominal plate 306 is provided in the center of the block. Therefore, the opening space of the block can be further enlarged. Position of central belly plate 306A or 306
The distance between the position B and the groove 304 provided in the end surface 301 is set to be sufficiently large. Thereby, water pipes, electric cables, etc. can be accommodated in the space A.

Concrete or insulating material may be poured into these cavities.

2) 2 extending into end face 301 to a depth of approximately 173 mm;
Two slots 307 are provided. Central belly plate 306
Two continuous slots 308 are provided in the central belly plate 306 extending approximately one-third of the depth therein. These sections are broken down by hammer blows, making indentations for reinforcing bars (of steel) and concrete poured into the blocks to pave the beams and crosspieces. It is formed.

This knockout block is designed to be able to be fitted into the system according to the invention and is combined with the full number block and the half number block.

Straight and corner jams -About Na1 The explanation will be based on blocks A to E shown in FIG.

The face 102 of block A and the face 102 of block B are combined in a joined state, and the blow 2 C 101 is combined with the end face 102 of block B in a joined state. As a result, the surface 102 of block C is located parallel to the surfaces 101 of block A and blow 2 B.

Block D is connected to block A and block B at its center position.
Two grooves 100 are placed on the block D, but one groove 100 is provided near both end surfaces 102 of the block A.
The other one is attached to the ear part 107AB of block B. The tapered groove side surface 106 formed on the surface 102 of the blow 2 D has a larger dimension than the side surface of the ear portion 107 of the block A, and the tapered groove side surface 106 formed on the surface 102 of the block D is tapered. The distance is from side 102 of block A to side 102 of block B.
The distance between the ear 107AC of the block A and the ear 107AB of the blow 2 B is set to be greater than the distance between the ear 107AC of the block A and the ear 107AB of the blow 2 B. The bottom surface 109 of block D is block A
41 on the top surface 108 of the blow 2 and the top surface 108 of the blow 2 B.

Block E is placed on block B and block C, and one ylloo of block E is placed on the ear part 107 of block B.
It is consistent with Ac. Ear portion 107AB and ear portion 107Ac
The distance between the two end faces 102 is set to be larger than the distance between the grooves 100 of the two end faces 102 when the two end faces 102 come into contact.

Regarding the spout of molding 1, FIG. 11 is a plan view showing an embodiment of the shoe assembly used when molding blocks, and FIG.
Fig. 13 is a cross-sectional view cut along the double line of the 11th m
-u! ! FIG.

In the conventional way of making a conventional block, only one bar material 400B is used for the core. The core bar is positioned along the top surface of a concrete block mold supporting a steel core to create a cavity or hollow space within the concrete block. This creates a problem for concrete fist block manufacturers. This is because, when the block surface 403B exists, the area immediately below the core rod cannot be compressed by the top surface of the forming press 404B. However, this problem has been solved by cutting away a small section at the bottom of the core bar on the top of the concrete block to create a thinner area. As a result, the conventional method leaves a small amount of extruded concrete on the top surface of the block when the concrete block is removed from the mold.

The protruding concrete can be removed after removing the block from the mold using a stream of compressed air or by rotating a brush placed in place on the block.

Now, in connection with the novel blocks and molds described in this specification, the central position of the protruding ears in the base block may be subject to various modifications to the method of the invention. It means. The first modification is that when a single core rod is used instead of the two series of core rods used in this method, the stiffness of the protruding ears is reduced because no compressed air flow is used. This was done so that it would not be damaged. The second problem concerns the use of a molding press with the exact shape of the protruding ear to form the protruding ear; Additionally, the molded ears may become deformed due to the suction effect that occurs when the mold is removed. When suction occurs, the mold retains a portion of the concrete that must remain in the ears. In other words, the compression shoe becomes dirty and must be cleaned after every block molding cycle.To solve this problem,
The mold described in this specification has a steel core 40
It is designed to use two series of core rods that serve to support the lA. The position of the two series of core rods 400A can be set in a range from about 6 mm to about 3 mm from the outer edge of the protruding ear with respect to the outer edge of the steel core.

Two series of core bar sections in region 403A extend downwardly from the top surface 404A of the block to the bottom between steel cores 401A.

Two series of core rods 400A, ie removable molding guides 407A, placed within six layers between the sides of the mold and defined by a steel core 401A are used.

The configuration described above allows concrete material to be deposited on area 402A during a concrete pouring cycle. As a result, the piston 406A of the central compression press 40OA is molded for a proportion of the ear height that varies between, for example, 1/15 and 1725 of the distance between the top and bottom surfaces of the base number block. Press piston 405
In the illustrated embodiment, the central molding press 410A has a flat molding surface that facilitates removal when removing the block from the mold. The central compression shoe has a flat surface, making it easy to clean. This is because conventional methods can be used for this purpose.

By using two series of core rods 400A, it is possible to use the conventional method of cleaning the concrete that has protruded from the concrete that has accumulated on the face of the block without damaging the protruding ears mentioned above. be. Another advantage of using double core bars is that during the concrete pouring cycle, the area between the active core bars is isolated from the area outside the two wooden core bars. Therefore, if necessary, it is possible to deposit a larger amount of concrete material than usual in the limited area between the two series of core rods 402A.

A method of depositing supplementary concrete material in a limited area between two series of core bars is utilized by setting the height of the concrete material exclusion plate in the area located between the core bars. Ru. Adjustment of the height depends on the type of mixture as well as on the materials compatible with the mixture.

FIG. 10 shows the specialized machinery required to manufacture concrete blocks. The configuration shown in FIG. 10 is very expensive to manufacture. This is because it requires special machinery and a minimum of supplementary elements to support the block in a wet state.The illustrated embodiment only illustrates three sets of molds; However, this machine can be used with a system of interconnected blocks consisting of 10, 20 or 30 basic block molds, making conventional equipment expensive to manufacture. , and cannot be used in a variety of ways.

Here, in the building system according to the present invention.

Figure 14 shows the specific shape contours of the blocks connected together, Figure 15 shows the blocks connected parallel and side to side, and Figure 16 (
Figures a) to (i) show some of the many possible contours that can be obtained by combining full blocks, half blocks and knockout blocks and connecting them to each other in the building system according to the invention. .

[Effects of the invention] As described above, according to the building system according to the present invention,
The blocks are designed to lock together securely, resulting in raised ears and grooves that fit into the ears without the need for traditional mortar or cement to hold the blocks together during construction. Depending on selection and location,
It is possible to interlock the blocks according to a parallel arrangement or combination, a cross arrangement or combination, or any other desired arrangement or combination. Therefore, both simple and complex structures can be constructed using the system according to the invention.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a plurality of full Φ blocks according to the present invention arranged in a row, FIG. 2 is a plan view showing an embodiment of a half block according to the present invention, and FIG. [I
4 is a plan view showing an embodiment of the full block according to the present invention; FIG. 5 is a lateral sectional view taken along the line ■-V in FIG. Figure 6 shows the fourth VI-
FIG. 7 is a plan view showing an embodiment of the knockout block according to the present invention; FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along line ■-■ in FIG. 7; FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along line VI; is a cross-sectional view taken at the 7th IX-IX, and Figure 1O is a cross-sectional view taken at the 7th x-
Fig. 11 is a plan view showing an example of a shoe assembly used in forming blocks; Fig. 12 is a cross-sectional view cut along the 11th ■- double line. 13 is a cross-sectional view taken along the 11th line XI, FIG. 14 is a plan view showing specific contours of blocks connected to each other in the building system according to the present invention, and FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view taken along the 11th line 16(a) to 16(i) are front views showing a state in which blocks are connected to each other in parallel and in side-to-side contact in a building system according to the present invention. - Shows some of the many possible contours that can be obtained by combining blocks and knockout blocks and connecting them to each other. 100...Groove surface, 101...Side surface, 1
02... Face, 103... Central ventral plate, 104... Ear, 106...
Tapered groove 107AB/107Ac・・・Ear part,
107BB・107CC・・・Ear part, 108...
...Top surface, 109...Bottom surface, 200.
...Groove, 201... Surface, 301...
... end face, 304 ... groove, 306 ...
... Belly plate, 307, 308 ... Slot, 400A fist 40
0B... Core rod, 401A/401B...
...Steel core, 404A/404B...Forming press. 405A... Piston, 407A... Molding guide, 410A... Center forming press.

Claims (16)

[Claims] (1) A building system that uses blocks that are combined to create all types of structures, the building system being a set of three blocks: a full block, a half block, and a knockout block. The full block has two outer surfaces, two outer end surfaces, and one
2 internal cavities of the same size formed by 2 intermediate ventral plates.
each intermediate plate having an ear projecting from the top surface of said block; and said two supplementary cavities; each has three groove surfaces, the dimensions of the groove surfaces are designed to fit male and female ears, and all the dimensions between the groove surfaces and the end surfaces are the same, and the two Any combination of grooves shall be set to be narrower than the distance between the ears, and all dimensions between the tapered groove surfaces shall be set larger than the dimension between the surfaces of the ears. , each groove is tapered and dimensioned to be larger at the bottom than at the top, and the longitudinal length of the half block is equal to the longitudinal length of the full block. half block, and the lateral and height dimensions of the half block are set to the same dimensions as those of the full block, and the knockout block is a complementary material to the above two types of blocks. A building system characterized by having the same lateral and height dimensions designed to fit with the blocks. (2) The building system according to claim 1, wherein the half block has one empty space,
A building system characterized in that four slots are provided in the four inner walls of the block. (3) The building system of claim 2, wherein the four walls are dimensioned to the same size, each groove is positioned at the same position with respect to each wall, and the block is A building system characterized by being designed to have the same dimensional proportions as other gutters. (4) The building system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the half block does not have a protruding ear. (5) The building system according to claim 1, wherein the knockout block has the same outer dimensions as the full block, and in which rod material or bar material is used when making concrete beams, etc. A building system characterized in that it comprises a groove for weakening the cross-belt plate and facilitating the demolition of the cross-belt plate. (6) The building system according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the knockout block does not have any protrusions, and the groove of the knockout block corresponds to the protruding ear of the full block. An architectural system characterized in that it is positioned and dimensioned to join with. (7) The building system according to claim 1, wherein the connection between the three blocks is mechanically and automatically secured, and the resulting structure is moved. A building system characterized in that it does not require mortar to hold it in place. (8) A building system according to claim 1, wherein the half blocks are stacked one after the other to define a long empty space in which reinforcing rods can be provided to make supports, etc. An architectural system characterized by the following: (9) A building system according to claim 1, wherein the knockout block is provided with reinforcing rod material for making supports, etc., and corners so as to define a long void into which cement can be poured. A building system that is characterized by being able to be stacked on top of each other. (10) The building system according to claim 1, in which conduits and cables can be laid inside the void by combining any of the three types of blocks. Characteristic architectural system. (11) The building system according to any one of claims 1 to 10, in which blocks are joined in parallel, crossed, and stacked to obtain the desired shape and dimensions. An architectural system that is characterized by the ability to: (12) The building system according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that blocks can be used to create a structure that supports a load. system. (13) Any one of patent claims 1 to 12
A method of constructing a block according to paragraph 1, wherein a cavity-forming core is provided inside a wall-forming mold, the material to be used is poured into the cavity, and the material is compressed to harden the material. and the protruding ears are formed using a mold made of flat elements defining three flat surfaces. (14) The method according to claim 13, which comprises applying vibration to the mold after filling the mold with the material to be used. (15) The method according to claim 13, characterized in that two series of parallel core rods are used to limit the usable space of the ear molded piece. (16) The method according to claim 13, characterized in that excess material is removed by a rotating brush.