JPS62215747A - Outer wall of building and construction of outer wall - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to an outer wall of a wooden building such as a house or a store, and a method of constructing the outer wall.

[Conventional technology]

The so-called two-by-four construction method, which has been developed in North America over 200 years as a construction method for wooden houses, is a construction method in which walls and floorboards are constructed using only 2-inch x 4-inch studs without using columns, and it has many advantages. This means that there is no need for skilled carpentry skills, the construction period is short, the appearance and floor plan can be freely planned, expansions and renovations are relatively easy, and the whole house is able to resist shaking. Because it absorbs water, it has high strength, and it also has excellent insulation properties, so you can save a lot on heating and cooling costs.
Recently, it has been attracting attention in Japan's construction industry.

To construct the exterior wall of a building using this two-by-four construction method, first create a floor surface called a platform,
Build a wall framework using 2x4 (two-by-four) timber on this floor, cover it with structural plywood, and then raise it up and secure it in place. After constructing the roof and laying the foundation for the roof, insulation was placed in the spaces between the studs, plasterboard was placed on the indoor side, and waterproof paper was pasted on the front of the structural plywood from the outdoor side.

A wire mesh is then fixed to the structural plywood, and mortar is applied to the outside surface to make it adhere, and then painted to form the outside wall surface. FIG. 6 shows a cross section of a portion of the outer wall constructed by the above-mentioned work. In the figure, rectangular studs 11 with a cross section of 2 inches x 4 inches are vertically installed at predetermined intervals, and the space between the studs 11 is filled with a heat insulating material 17 such as rock wool or glass wool. is installed. And on the indoor ■ side, there is a plaster board 23'
is pasted, and on the other hand, on the outdoor side, structural plywood 21'
is attached to one side of the short side of each stud 11, waterproof paper is pasted on the front surface, and a wire mesh 27 is fixed to the structural plywood 21' from above. Mortar 29 is applied to the outer surface of the structural plywood 21' using 27 as a holding member.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

By the way, although the two-by-four construction method has many advantages as described above, it also has the following disadvantages. In other words, in Japan, where humidity is high, dew condensation can occur inside the exterior wall structure, leading to damage by termites and corrosion of wood due to mold, and there are many unknowns about the aging of the internal space of the sealed exterior wall structure. Furthermore, since the exterior wall surface is not fully waterproof, the structural members are affected by rain, and the exterior wall surface is painted, resulting in poor durability.

Furthermore, since the exterior wall surface is made of mortar, it is difficult to avoid cracks, and the bond between the mortar wall and the underlying structural plywood is not very strong, so there is a possibility that the mortar will peel off over many years. . In addition, as can be seen from Figure 6, the indoor ■ side and the outdoor O side are not thermally connected and insulated at the location where the studs 11 are installed (heat bridge phenomenon), and in this respect, the It has an insulated structure.

This invention improves the conventional two-by-four construction method, takes advantage of the advantages of the two-by-four construction method, eliminates the above-mentioned drawbacks, and creates an exterior wall structure for buildings that suits the climate of Japan, as well as a method for constructing the exterior wall. This was done in an attempt to provide a method.

[Means for solving problems]

In place of the conventional two-by-four construction method in which structural plywood is nailed to the studs and a mortar wall is held on the outer surface of the structural plywood to form the external wall surface, this invention provides support to the studs. The above-mentioned problem was achieved by constructing the exterior wall independently on the foundation without causing any problems, and integrating the studs and the exterior wall by horizontally connecting them with connectors.

That is, the outer wall of the building according to the first invention consists of a plurality of studs each having a rectangular cross section placed on the foundation at a predetermined interval, and vertically arranged so that the side surfaces of each short side are in the same plane. An inner wall board is connected to one side of the short side of each stud, and an outer wall built perpendicularly on the foundation is opposed to the other side, and each stud and the outer wall are connected to each other. It is configured by horizontally connecting and integrating the two using a connecting tool. In addition, in a method of constructing an outer wall of a building according to another invention, a plurality of studs each having a rectangular cross section are arranged in parallel at a predetermined interval, and the side surfaces of each short side are in the same plane. The first step is to frame the wall frame as shown in the image above, and then raise and fix the wall framework on the foundation.The second step is to join the inner wall board to one side of the short side of each stud from the indoor side.The second step is to attach the inner wall board to one side of the short side of each stud from the indoor side. It consists of a step of sequentially constructing the outer wall vertically on the foundation facing the other side of the side, and connecting each of the studs and the outer wall in a permanent direction with a connecting tool to integrate them. ing.

[For production]

In the exterior wall of a building according to this invention, the exterior wall body is constructed on the foundation on the outdoor side, facing each stud installed in a row on the foundation, and independent of the studs, so it is different from the conventional two-by-four construction method. Unlike mortared exterior walls, the structural load of the exterior wall is not applied to the studs. On the other hand, since each stud and the outer wall body are horizontally connected and integrated by connectors, the outer wall as a whole has sufficient strength against lateral shaking caused by an earthquake or the like. In addition, each stud and the exterior wall are independent structures other than being connected by connectors, and structural plywood is nailed to each stud to form the exterior wall surface, as in the conventional two-by-four construction method. Since the two are not integrally joined together, it is possible to form an appropriate gap between the short side of each stud and the outer wall, which improves ventilation in the space inside the outer wall. It is possible to prevent moisture from accumulating, and the bridging phenomenon to the heat 1 at the location where the studs are installed does not occur.

According to the construction method according to this other invention, the outer wall of the building as described above can be easily constructed with the same amount of effort as the conventional two-by-four construction method.

〔Example〕

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5.

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a part of the outer wall of a building that is an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the same as seen from the indoor side, and FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view taken along the line ■-■ in FIG. In these figures, the studs 11 are made of wood with a rectangular cross section of 2 inches x 4 inches, as in the conventional two-by-four construction method, and each stud 11 is vertically installed at predetermined intervals. .

A heat insulating material 17 such as rock wool or glass wool is arranged in the space between the studs 11, and on the indoor side 1, a structural plywood 21 is bonded to one short side of the studs 11 and stretched in front. Further, a plaster board 23 is bonded to the front surface of the structural plywood 21.

In this way, when using the structural plywood 21 together with the plasterboard 23 on the inner wall surface, unlike the case where only the conventional plasterboard is pasted, it is durable, can be nailed anywhere, and can also be used to create shelves. can.

On the other hand, no structural plywood is used on the outdoor side 0, and an outer wall body 13 is constructed facing the short side of each stud 11. This outer wall body 13 is constructed vertically on the foundation independently of the studs 11, and the load of the outer wall body 13 is not applied to the studs 11. In addition, a gap 31 is usually formed between the short side side of each stud 11 and the inner surface of the outer wall 13, so that ventilation (air circulation) in the space inside the outer wall is improved, and the space under the floor and Moisture does not accumulate inside the exterior walls. At the same time, since air will be present between the short side of the stud 11 and the outer wall 13, the heat transfer between the indoor 1 side and the outdoor O side through the installation location of the stud 11 will be minimized. can be kept to a minimum. Furthermore, wiring and piping can be carried out through the gap 31, and there is no need to pass through the studs and carry out horizontal wiring and piping, unlike in the conventional two-by-four construction method. The outer wall 13 may be made of any material or structure as long as it stands stably upright by itself on the foundation, but here, as an example, Jitsugan Sho 60-178890
A case where the outer wall body 13 is constructed by stacking a large number of concrete blocks 19 as described in the specification and drawings will be explained.

The concrete block 19 is a concrete plate-like body 33 having a rectangular front shape, as shown in FIG.
It has a layer of plate-shaped heat insulating material 35 inside, and each surface of the plate-shaped heat insulating material 35 other than the inner surface 37 side is surrounded by a concrete plate-shaped body 33, and the inside of the concrete plate-shaped body 33 is A reinforcing member 39 such as a stainless wire mesh or reinforcing bars is provided. The plate-shaped heat insulating material 35 is made of foamed ceramic.

Foamed plastic, glass wool, rock wool, etc. are used. In addition, the outer surface 41, which is the outer wall surface, may be finished with a wash finish, or if necessary, it may be made of artificial stone such as artificial marble, natural stone, tile, decorative board, etc. in consideration of waterproofing and aesthetics. or attach it. One continuous endless groove 43 is formed on the circumferential surface of the concrete block 19 over the entire circumference, and on the circumferential surface on the outer surface 41 side from this endless groove 43,
Bonding members 451, such as sponge rubber impregnated with an asphalt adhesive, are attached to two vertical and horizontal sides. The endless groove 43 serves to effectively drain the infiltrated water to the outside even if water intrudes from the joint part of the peripheral surface of each concrete block 19 through the joint member 45 part. . That is, the intruding water enters the endless groove 43 and does not penetrate beyond the groove 43 into the inner area of each concrete block 19.
The water gradually flows downward through the passages created by the grooves 43, and is finally sucked into the ground.

Further, a plurality of pin holes 47 are formed in the upper and lower surfaces of the circumferential surface of the concrete block 19, respectively. This pin hole 47 is provided to connect the outer wall body 13 to the stud 11. Stud 11 and outer wall 1
3, a horizontal surface portion 49 is formed on one end side, a vertical surface portion 51 is formed on the other end side, and engagement pins 53 are formed protruding from each upper and lower surface of the horizontal surface portion 49,
A connector 15 having a through hole 55 formed in the vertical surface portion 51
Do this using That is, concrete block 19
By fitting the engagement pin 53 of the connector 15 into the pin hole 47 of the other connector 15, and inserting the nail 57 into the through hole 55 of the other connector 15 and nailing it to each longitudinal side of the stud 11, each stud 11 and the outer wall are connected. The body 13 is connected to the body 13 via a connector 15.

In this case, the engagement pin 53 at the top of the connector 15 fits into a pin hole 47 formed in the lower surface of the upper concrete block 19 that is in contact with the connector 15 in the vertical direction.
The lower engagement pin 53 of the connector 5 fits into the pin hole 47 formed on the upper surface of the lower concrete block 19, and the horizontal surface part 49 of the connector 15 is brought into contact with the upper and lower concrete blocks 19. It is held between the circumferential surfaces that are in contact with each other.

The connector 15 can also be formed of stainless steel, rust-proofed iron plate, or plastic.

Next, a method of constructing the above-mentioned outer wall will be explained. Using the same process as the traditional two-by-four construction method, a concrete foundation is created, a floor is assembled to serve as the base, and structural plywood is placed on top of it to create a floor surface called a "platform." Using this as a workbench, first create a wall framework by framing multiple 2x4 wood studs parallel to each other at predetermined intervals, then raise the wall framework onto the foundation to complete the wall framework on all four sides. are nailed in the desired locations, and then the entire wall frame is secured together by connecting the heads of each wall frame with structural lumber. Furthermore, 2
When creating a floor, create the floor surface for the second floor in the same manner as above, then create and secure the wall frame for the second floor. After constructing the roof and laying the foundation for the roof, the concrete blocks 19 described above are sequentially stacked on the concrete foundation from the outdoor side, facing the short side of each stud 11. However, at the same time, the above-mentioned connector 15
using pin holes 47. on the lower surface of each concrete block 19 that vertically contact the pair of upper and lower engaging pins 53 of the connector 15. The horizontal surface part 49 of the connecting tool 15' is inserted between the lower surface and the upper surface of the upper and lower concrete blocks by fitting into the pin holes 47 on the upper surface thereof, and the nail 57' is inserted into the through hole 55 of the connecting tool 15. By inserting the nails 57 into each long side of the stud 11, the vertical surface portion 51 of the connector 15 is fixed to the stud 11, and the concrete block 19 and each stud 11 are successively connected in the horizontal direction. Continue to connect. The outer wall body 13 is constructed through the operations described above. After that, from the indoor side, each stud 11
A heat insulating material 17 is placed in the space between them, a structural plywood 21 is bonded to one side of the short side of each stud 11 and attached to the indoor front surface, and a plaster board 23 is bonded to the front surface of the structural plywood 21. do. It should be noted that the process of joining internal wall boards such as structural plywood and plasterboard may be performed before the process of constructing the external wall body, or these processes may be performed concurrently. Further, the connection work using a connecting tool may be performed from either the indoor side or the outdoor side, whichever is easier.

The exterior walls of the building are constructed through the above process.

After that, the roof will be built, equipment will be installed, etc., and the house will be completed. Fig. 4 shows a vertical cross-section of the outer wall of the completed house, and Fig. 5 shows a front view of the outer wall.

Although the present invention has the configuration as described above, the scope of the present invention is not limited by the contents of the above description and drawings, and may include various modifications without departing from the gist thereof.

For example, if a heat insulating material is installed inside the exterior wall, the provision of the insulating material in the internal space between the studs may be omitted, and the interior wall board is made of structural plywood and plasterboard. It is not necessarily necessary to double paste. Furthermore, if the exterior wall itself stands stably and upright on the foundation.

The structure may not be one in which blocks are stacked together, but may be an integrally formed structure, and the material is not limited to concrete, but iron plates or the like may be used in part.

〔effect〕

Since this invention is constructed and operates as described above,
The exterior wall of a building according to the present invention is extremely superior in terms of strength because the exterior wall body is built on the foundation independently of the studs and the load of the exterior wall surface is not applied to the studs. Since it is horizontally connected to the body using connectors, it has a structure that can sufficiently withstand lateral shaking caused by earthquakes. In addition, since the studs and the exterior wall are essentially independent structures, it is possible to form appropriate gaps between each side of the studs and the exterior wall, and through these gaps, the interior space of the exterior wall is well ventilated. Since moisture does not accumulate inside the exterior walls, there is no damage from termites or wood rot due to mold, and the interior of the exterior walls can be maintained in good condition over a long period of time, minimizing deterioration over time. can. Furthermore, since the P1-bridge phenomenon does not occur at the location where the studs are installed, the insulation properties are also excellent, and heating and cooling costs are further reduced.

In addition, since the exterior wall surface is not made of mortar, there is no need for troublesome wet work such as applying mortar, and there is no need to worry about cracks or peeling of the wall surface. By selecting the appropriate finish, etc., it is possible to significantly improve workability during exterior wall construction, as well as improve the durability, waterproofness, fire resistance, sound insulation, etc. of the constructed exterior wall, and improve maintenance. This makes it possible to eliminate the need for this, and it is also preferable in terms of appearance.

As described above, according to the present invention, an exterior wall structure of a building that has the advantages of the conventional two-by-four construction method and is suited to the climate of Japan is provided, and a method for constructing such an exterior wall is provided. .

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a part of the outer wall of a building that is an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the outer wall as seen from the indoor side, and FIG. Fig. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the outer wall portion of a house constructed by implementing the present invention, and Fig. 5 is a front view of the outer wall. , and FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a part of an outer wall constructed by the conventional two-by-four construction method. 11... Stud, 13... External wall body, 15
...Connector, 17...Insulating material, 19...
・Concrete block, 21, 21'... Structural plywood, 23, 23'... Plaster board. 35... Plate insulation material, 47... Pin hole. 49...Horizontal surface part, 51...Vertical surface part, 5
3... Engagement pin, 55... Through hole, 57... Nail. Figure 2 Figure 6

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A plurality of studs each having a rectangular cross section are erected vertically on a foundation at a predetermined interval so that the side surfaces of each short side are in the same plane, and each stud is An inner wall board is connected to one side of the short side, and an outer wall constructed vertically on the foundation is opposed to the other side, and each of the studs and the outer wall are connected horizontally by a connector. The outer wall of a building that is connected and integrated with the 2. The outer wall of a building according to claim 1, wherein a heat insulating material is provided in the space between each stud. 3. The outer wall is a plate-like body with a rectangular front face, and has multiple pin holes on each of the upper and lower surfaces, and is made up of a large number of concrete blocks with plate-shaped heat insulating material arranged inside. The connector has a horizontal surface part on one end side and a vertical surface part on the other end side, and engagement pins are formed protruding from each upper and lower surface of the horizontal surface part, and the vertical surface part A through hole is formed in each of the concrete blocks and each stud, and each of the concrete blocks and each of the studs has a pair of upper and lower engagement pins of the connecting tool inserted into the pin holes on the lower and upper surfaces of each concrete block that vertically contact each other. The outer wall of a building according to claim 1 or 2, which is connected by fitting together and being inserted into a through hole of the connector and nailed to each side of the long side of the stud. . 4. Frame multiple studs with rectangular cross sections parallel to each other at predetermined intervals so that the short sides of each wall are in the same plane, and raise the wall framework on the foundation and fix it. A process of joining the inner wall board from the indoor side to one side of the short side of each stud, and a process of joining the outer wall board vertically on the foundation from the outdoor side to the other side of the short side of each stud. A method for constructing an exterior wall of a building, comprising the step of horizontally connecting and integrating each of the studs and the exterior wall body using connectors while constructing the exterior wall of a building. 5. The method of constructing an outer wall of a building according to claim 4, wherein a heat insulating material is provided in the space between each stud in the step of joining the inner wall boards. 6. The construction process for the exterior wall consists of sequentially stacking a large number of concrete blocks, which are plate-shaped blocks with a rectangular front face and having multiple pin holes on the top and bottom surfaces. has a horizontal surface portion on one end side and a vertical surface portion on the other end side,
Engagement pins are formed protruding from each upper and lower surface of the horizontal surface portion,
Using a connector with a through hole formed in the vertical surface,
A pair of upper and lower engaging pins of the connecting tool are fitted into pin holes on the lower and upper surfaces of each of the concrete blocks that are in contact with each other in the vertical direction, and are inserted into the through holes of the connecting tool to each of the long sides of the studs. 6. The method of constructing an outer wall of a building according to claim 4 or 5, wherein each of the concrete blocks and each of the studs are successively connected by nailing into the side surface.