JPS62208019A - Single objective stereoscopic microscope - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a proper feeling of stereoscopy by arranging a 1/4-wavelength plate which is turnable around an optical axis and a polarizing plate which passes only the 1st linear polarized component in one optical system of a binocular and a 1/4-wavelength plate which is turnable around an optical axis and a polarizing plate which passes only the 2nd linear polarized component in the other optical system. CONSTITUTION:Light beams passing through the exist pupil of an objective 4 is split into two right and left polarized component which oscillate at right angles to each other by a splitting and polarizing plate 1 arranged at the open aperture position 2 of a condenser lens 3. Those two polarized components are split into the right and left by a splitting prism 7 while oscillating at right angles to each other and they are led to binocular ocular parts. Further, the two polarized components are passed through 1/4-wavelength plates 12 and 12 and oculars 8 and 8 and only polarized components which coincide in oscillation direction with each other are passed through the polarizing plates 9 and 9 to reach eyes 11 and 11. The light beams reaching the right and left eyes 11 and 11 are polarized light beams which oscillate at right angles to each other, so the two light beams from the same object are observed independently with the right and left eyes 11 and 11 to obtain a feeling of stereoscopy.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a single-objective stereoscopic microscope for observing stereoscopic images using polarized light.

[Conventional technology]

In this kind of conventional single-objective stereoscopic microscope, for example, as described in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 47-18686, left and right parts whose polarization directions are perpendicular to each other are located at the aperture stop of the condenser lens or at the exit pupil of the objective lens. At the same time, in each optical path of the eyepiece of the binoculars, a polarizing plate whose polarization direction matches the polarization direction of the left and right parts of the divided polarizing plate, respectively, is arranged, and Some devices provide a three-dimensional effect by introducing polarized light having vibration directions perpendicular to each other into the optical path to obtain independent left and right information.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

However, in such a single-objective stereoscopic microscope,
Generally, the vertical magnification is effective as the square of the horizontal magnification, so there is a problem that the higher the magnification, the more the three-dimensional effect is emphasized, resulting in an unrealistic image.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the above-mentioned problems, it is an object of the present invention to provide a single-objective stereoscopic microscope capable of obtaining images with appropriate stereoscopic effect.

[Means and effects for solving the problems] The single-objective stereoscopic microscope according to the present invention has a first linearly polarized light beam on one side separated by a plane including the optical axis, at a position conjugate with the pupil or cough pupil of the objective lens. It consists of a region that allows only the components to pass, and the other side is the first region.
A split polarizing plate consisting of a region that passes only the second linearly polarized light component in the polarization direction orthogonal to the linearly polarized light component is arranged, and one optical system of the binocular eyepiece tube has a 1/4 wavelength light beam that can freely rotate around the optical axis. By arranging a polarizing plate that passes only the first linearly polarized light component and a quarter wavelength plate that is rotatable around the optical axis and a polarizing plate that passes only the second linearly polarized light component in the other optical system,
The 1/4 wavelength plate is rotated to an appropriate angle to change the direct wANI light into circularly polarized light, thereby changing the vibration direction and slightly losing the independence of the left and right optical paths, thereby reducing the three-dimensional effect.

〔Example〕

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on the illustrated embodiments.

FIG. 1 shows the optical system of a transmission microscope as a first embodiment, and l is a split polarizing plate placed at the entrance pupil (aperture stop) position 2 of a condenser lens 3, as shown in the figure. <One side separated by the original axis 0 consists of a region 1a that passes only the first linearly polarized light component, and the other side consists of a region 1b that passes only the second linearly polarized light component whose polarization direction is orthogonal to the first linearly polarized light component. ing. Note that the split polarizing plate 1 may be placed at the exit pupil position 5 of the objective lens 4, but in this case, when the objective lens 4 has a high magnification, the diameter of the exit pupil becomes small and it becomes difficult to make a polarizing plate. lens 3
It is easier to arrange it at the entrance pupil position 2 of . 6 is a stage, 7 is a dividing prism for dividing the optical path into two, 8.8
is the eyepiece.

Reference numeral 9.9 denotes a polarizing plate disposed near the exit pupil position 10°10 of each eyepiece lens 8, 8, one of which is located near the first
The polarization directions are set so that only the linearly polarized light component passes therethrough and the other one passes only the second linearly polarized light component. 11.11
is the eye 12. 12 is the dividing prism 7 and the polarizing plates 9, 9
These are quarter-wave plates that are rotatable around the optical axis and arranged in each optical path between the two.

Since the single-objective stereoscopic microscope according to the present invention is constructed as described above, the light passing through the exit pupil of the objective lens 3 is vibrated in directions perpendicular to each other by the split polarizing plate 1 placed at the aperture stop position 2 of the condenser lens 1. The light is divided into two polarized components, left and right.

These two polarized light components, while vibrating in directions perpendicular to each other, are split into left and right parts 7 by a splitting prism 7, and guided to the binocular eyepieces. Further, after each of the two polarized light components passes through each quarter-wave plate 12.12 and each eyepiece 8.8, each polarizing plate 9 allows only the polarized light component whose vibration direction coincides with each of them to pass through, respectively. Rare eye 11.11
reach.

The light reaching the left and right eyes 11.11 is polarized light that oscillates at right angles to each other. Therefore, two lights coming from the same object are received and observed independently by the left and right @11.11, so a three-dimensional effect can be obtained.

The principle of the microscope of the present invention has been explained above. In the case of the microscope of the present invention, 174
When the wavelength plates 12 and 12 are rotated by an appropriate angle, the light that has been linearly polarized by the split polarizing plate 1 has a quarter wavelength vi1.
2, the light becomes circularly polarized and the vibration direction is distorted, so the independence of the left and right optical paths is slightly lost. Therefore, the three-dimensional effect is moderately reduced, resulting in a realistic and desirable state.

Another method for appropriately reducing the three-dimensional effect and achieving a realistically preferable state is to make the polarizing plates 9 rotatable and rotate them at an appropriate angle to adjust each polarized light at the exit pupil position of the objective lens 4. There is a method of slightly losing the independence of the left and right optical paths by not changing the components and polarization directions. Of course, the same effect can be obtained by rotating the divided polarizing plate 1 by an appropriate angle.

FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment in which a bridge type system is added to the first embodiment, and the structure from the split polarizing plate 1 to the binocular eyepieces is exactly the same as the first embodiment. In the photographing system, 13 is a photographing lens, 14 is a rotatable polarizing plate disposed near the exit pupil of the photographing lens I3, and 15 is a photographic film. By rotating the polarizing plate 14 and aligning the polarization direction with either of the left and right polarized components vibrating perpendicularly to each other at the exit pupil position 5 of the objective lens 4, two photos are made into fan shapes on the left and right sides, respectively. If you create photographs and view them with your left and right eyes, you will get a three-dimensional photograph.

In addition, by rotating the polarizing plate 14 at an appropriate angle, the objective lens 4
The method of reducing the three-dimensional effect by not matching the polarization component at the exit pupil position with the polarization direction or by inserting a quarter-wave plate in the photographing optical path to change the direction of vibration of the polarization component is exactly the same as in the first embodiment. Can be adopted.

FIG. 3 shows the optical system of an epi-illuminated microscope as a third embodiment, where 16 is a light source, 17 is a condenser lens, 1 is a relay lens, 19 is an aperture stop, 20 is a field stop, and 21 is a relay lens. , 22 are half mirrors, and an aperture stop 1
A divided polarizing plate 1 is arranged at a position 9, and these constitute an epi-illumination system. P is an illumination optical axis, and 23 is an imaging lens.

In the case of such an epi-illumination type, the split polarizing plate l cannot be placed at the exit pupil position of the objective lens 4.

If it is because of the problem, if it is placed, the divided polarizing plate 1
Epi-illumination light passes from above, and imaging light enters from below as reflected light from the object surface, but the vibration direction of the left and right parts of this imaging light is the vibration of the left and right parts of the split polarizing plate 1. Since the direction is reversed, the light cannot actually pass through the split polarizing plate 1. Therefore, it is preferable to place this divided polarizing plate l at the position of the aperture stop 19 of the epi-illumination system and to form an image at the position of the exit pupil 5 of the objective lens 4.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As described above, the single-objective stereoscopic microscope according to the present invention has the practically important advantage of being able to obtain a suitable stereoscopic effect.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the optical system of the first embodiment of the single-objective stereoscopic RA microscope according to the present invention, and FIGS. 2 and 3 are diagrams showing the optical systems of the second and third embodiments, respectively. . l...Divided polarizing plate, 2...Entrance pupil position, 3...
・・Condenser lens, 4・・Objective lens, 5・
... Exit pupil position, 6... Stage, 7... Divided prism, 8... Eyepiece, 9... Polarizing plate, 10... Exit pupil position, 11...・・Eyes, 12・・
...1/4 wavelength plate, 13...Photographing lens, 14...
... Polarizing plate, 15... Photographic film. Figure 1 B 23

Claims (1)

[Claims] The pupil of the objective lens or a position conjugate to the pupil is divided by a plane including the optical axis, and one side thereof consists of a region through which only the first linearly polarized light component passes, and the other side has a polarization direction orthogonal to the first linearly polarized light component. A split polarizing plate consisting of a region that allows only the second linearly polarized component to pass is arranged, and one optical system of the binocular eyepiece tube includes a 1/4 wavelength plate that is rotatable around the optical axis and only the first linearly polarized component. A single-objective stereoscopic microscope comprising a polarizing plate that allows the light to pass therethrough, and a quarter-wave plate that is rotatable around the optical axis and a polarizing plate that allows only the second linearly polarized component to pass, respectively, arranged in the other optical system.