JPS62206765A - Zinc alkaline cell - Google Patents

Zinc alkaline cell

Info

Publication number
JPS62206765A
JPS62206765A JP4736086A JP4736086A JPS62206765A JP S62206765 A JPS62206765 A JP S62206765A JP 4736086 A JP4736086 A JP 4736086A JP 4736086 A JP4736086 A JP 4736086A JP S62206765 A JPS62206765 A JP S62206765A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
zinc
negative electrode
hydrogen gas
alkaline
amount
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP4736086A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH0732020B2 (en
Inventor
Keiichi Kagawa
賀川 恵市
Hiroshi Hirahara
平原 弘
Nobuyori Kasahara
笠原 暢順
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mitsui Mining and Smelting Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Mitsui Mining and Smelting Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mitsui Mining and Smelting Co Ltd filed Critical Mitsui Mining and Smelting Co Ltd
Priority to JP4736086A priority Critical patent/JPH0732020B2/en
Publication of JPS62206765A publication Critical patent/JPS62206765A/en
Publication of JPH0732020B2 publication Critical patent/JPH0732020B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/04Cells with aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M6/06Dry cells, i.e. cells wherein the electrolyte is rendered non-fluid

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Primary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To make it possible to reduce the amount of the hydrogen gas generated in a cell by adding a specified amount of dimethylsulfoxide to the alkaline aqueous solution used as the electrolytic solution. CONSTITUTION:To the alkaline aqueous solution used as the electrolytic solution of a cell 0.02-5.0vol% of dimethylsulfoxide is added. Thereby the amount of the hydrogen gas generated in the cell can be reduced even when low amalgamated zinc powder or nonamalgamated zinc powder is used for the negative electrode.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 し発明の属する分野] 本発明は亜鉛アルカリ電池に関し、詳しくは水素ガス発
生のインヒビターとしてジメチルスルホキシドを電池内
に特定量含有させることにより、水素ガス発生量を著し
く抑制した亜鉛アルカリ電池に関する。
[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Field of the Invention] The present invention relates to a zinc-alkaline battery, and more specifically, the present invention relates to a zinc-alkaline battery, and more specifically, a battery that significantly suppresses the amount of hydrogen gas generated by containing a specific amount of dimethyl sulfoxide as an inhibitor of hydrogen gas generation in the battery. Regarding zinc alkaline batteries.

[発明の背景] 単位重量当りの電気mが大きく、化学的にも比較的安定
で、加工性に富み、安価であることから、アルカリ電池
の負極材料として亜鉛が賞月されている。
[Background of the Invention] Zinc is prized as a negative electrode material for alkaline batteries because it has a large electric m per unit weight, is relatively chemically stable, has good processability, and is inexpensive.

しかし、電解液であるアルカリ水溶液(アルカリ電解液
)の中では亜鉛の化学的溶解によって、電池内にガスが
′S積して圧力が上昇し、電解液の漏出や電池の変形、
甚しいときには電池の破壊が起こることがある。その対
策として、従来では水銀の水素過電圧を利用した汞化亜
鉛が負極活物質として用いられている。ところが、最近
では公害防止の観点から、電池の水銀含有量を極力少な
くすることが社会的に要請されている。そのために、負
極亜鉛の水銀含有率を低下させたり、全く汞化していな
い亜鉛を負極に用い、かつ水素ガス発生特性等を低下さ
せないようにする研究が盛んになされている。例えば鉛
、インジウム、ガリウム等の元素を亜鉛に添加した亜鉛
合金を負極として用いる方法が提案されているが、この
ような亜鉛合金においても充分な特性を得るためには、
水銀含有率は3%程度必要とし、未だ充分にはその量が
低減されていない。
However, due to the chemical dissolution of zinc in the alkaline aqueous electrolyte (alkaline electrolyte), gas accumulates inside the battery and the pressure increases, resulting in leakage of the electrolyte and deformation of the battery.
In severe cases, battery destruction may occur. As a countermeasure against this, conventionally, zinc hydroxide, which utilizes the hydrogen overvoltage of mercury, has been used as a negative electrode active material. However, recently, from the viewpoint of pollution prevention, there has been a social demand to reduce the mercury content of batteries as much as possible. For this reason, research is being actively conducted to reduce the mercury content of the zinc negative electrode, to use zinc that has not turned into hydrogen at all for the negative electrode, and to avoid deteriorating the hydrogen gas generation characteristics. For example, a method has been proposed in which a zinc alloy in which elements such as lead, indium, and gallium are added to zinc is used as a negative electrode, but in order to obtain sufficient characteristics even with such a zinc alloy, it is necessary to
The mercury content is required to be about 3%, and the amount has not yet been sufficiently reduced.

また、水素ガス発生のインヒビターとして有機物等を添
加する方法も提案されているが、未だ水素ガス発生の抑
制は不充分である。
Furthermore, a method of adding an organic substance or the like as an inhibitor of hydrogen gas generation has been proposed, but the suppression of hydrogen gas generation is still insufficient.

[発明の目的] 本発明は上記のような状況に鑑み、負極として用いられ
る汞化または無汞化の亜鉛または亜鉛合金からの水素ガ
ス発生が著しく抑制した亜鉛アルカリ電池を提供するこ
とを目的とする。
[Object of the Invention] In view of the above-mentioned circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide a zinc-alkaline battery in which the generation of hydrogen gas from a viscous or non-viscous zinc or zinc alloy used as a negative electrode is significantly suppressed. do.

[発明の経緯] 本発明者は上記目的を達成するために、鋭意研究をした
ところ、アルカリ水溶液からなる電解液に、インヒビタ
ーとしてジメチルスルホキシドを特定量添加することに
より、ジメチルスルホキシドを無添加のものに比べて著
しく水素ガス発生が抑制されるという知見を得て本発明
に至った。
[Background of the Invention] In order to achieve the above object, the present inventor conducted intensive research and found that by adding a specific amount of dimethyl sulfoxide as an inhibitor to an electrolytic solution consisting of an alkaline aqueous solution, an electrolytic solution containing no dimethyl sulfoxide was created. The present invention was achieved based on the finding that hydrogen gas generation is significantly suppressed compared to the above.

[発明の構成] すなわち本発明は、アルカリ水溶液を電解液とし、負極
が亜鉛または亜鉛合金からなる亜鉛アルカリ電池におい
て、前記アルカリ水溶液に対して、ジメチルスルホキシ
ドを0.02〜5.0容量%添加したことを特徴とする
亜鉛アルカリ電池にある。
[Structure of the Invention] That is, the present invention provides a zinc-alkaline battery in which an aqueous alkali solution is used as an electrolyte and a negative electrode is made of zinc or a zinc alloy, in which 0.02 to 5.0% by volume of dimethyl sulfoxide is added to the aqueous alkali solution. Zinc-alkaline batteries are characterized by:

本発明の亜鉛アルカリ電池においては、負極として亜鉛
単味を用いても水素ガス発生量が抑制され、また鉛、カ
ドミウム、インジウム、タリウム、ガリウム、アルミニ
ウム等の亜鉛の腐食を抑制する元素の少なくとも1種が
添加された亜鉛合金を負極として用いた場合にはさらに
良好な結果を示す。また、これら亜鉛または亜鉛合金を
汞化した汞化亜鉛または汞化亜鉛合金を用いた場合は当
然ながらさらに水素ガス発生量が抑制される。
In the zinc-alkaline battery of the present invention, the amount of hydrogen gas generated is suppressed even when zinc alone is used as the negative electrode, and at least one of the elements that suppress corrosion of zinc, such as lead, cadmium, indium, thallium, gallium, and aluminum, is used. Even better results are shown when a seeded zinc alloy is used as the negative electrode. In addition, when a zinc chloride or a zinc chloride alloy obtained by converting these zinc or zinc alloys into hydrogen chloride is used, the amount of hydrogen gas generated is of course further suppressed.

ジメチルスルホキシドの添加範囲は、電解液であるアル
カリ水溶液に対して0.02〜5.0容量%が好ましく
、0.02容量%より小さい場合は添加効果が小さく、
また5、0容量%より大きい場合は水素ガス発生量の抑
制には問題ないが、容量的に活物質量を減らす必要があ
り、その分電気容量が小さくなる。このジメチルスルホ
キシドの添加効果については、明白ではないが、ジメチ
ルスルホキシドの構造的なものに起因しているものと推
定される。なお、本発明において、電解液として用いら
れているアルカリ水溶液としては、水酸化カリウム溶液
、水酸化ナトリウム溶液等が挙げられる。またジメチル
スルホキシドの添加方法については予め亜鉛粉中に添加
しておいても良く、また電解液またはゲル液中に添加し
ても全くさしつかえない。
The addition range of dimethyl sulfoxide is preferably 0.02 to 5.0% by volume relative to the alkaline aqueous solution that is the electrolyte, and if it is less than 0.02% by volume, the effect of addition is small;
If it is larger than 5.0% by volume, there is no problem in suppressing the amount of hydrogen gas generated, but it is necessary to reduce the amount of active material in terms of capacity, and the electric capacity decreases accordingly. The effect of adding dimethyl sulfoxide is not clear, but it is presumed to be due to the structure of dimethyl sulfoxide. In the present invention, examples of the alkaline aqueous solution used as the electrolyte include potassium hydroxide solution and sodium hydroxide solution. Regarding the method of adding dimethyl sulfoxide, it may be added to the zinc powder in advance, or it may be added to the electrolytic solution or gel solution.

[発明の実施例] 以下、本発明を実施例および比較例に基づき詳細に説明
するが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。
[Examples of the Invention] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on Examples and Comparative Examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

実施例1〜30および比較例1〜12 負極として、第1表に示す負極(1)〜(6)、すなわ
ちゲル化剤にてゲル状化した亜鉛粉、汞化亜鉛粉、亜鉛
合金粉、汞化亜鉛合金粉をそれぞれ用い、正極に二酸化
マンガンと導電剤を混合したもの、電解液として40 
Wt、%水酸化カリウム溶液に酸化亜鉛を飽和させたも
の、またはこれにジメチルスルホキシドを第1表に示す
割合で添加したものを洛々使用し、第1図に示す市販の
電池(LR−6)の構成に近似させたアルカリマンガン
電池を用いて試験を行なった。
Examples 1 to 30 and Comparative Examples 1 to 12 As negative electrodes, negative electrodes (1) to (6) shown in Table 1, that is, zinc powder gelled with a gelling agent, zinc chloride powder, zinc alloy powder, Zinc alloy powder was used, the positive electrode was a mixture of manganese dioxide and a conductive agent, and the electrolyte was 40%
Wt,% potassium hydroxide solution saturated with zinc oxide, or dimethyl sulfoxide added thereto in the proportions shown in Table 1, were used to make a commercially available battery (LR-6) shown in Figure 1. Tests were conducted using an alkaline manganese battery with a configuration similar to that of

第1図のアルカリマンガン電池は、正極缶1、正極2、
セパレーター3、負極(ゲル状化した亜鉛粉、汞化亜鉛
粉、亜鉛合金粉、汞化亜鉛合金粉)4、負極集電体5、
パツキン6、押さえ板7で構成されている。
The alkaline manganese battery shown in Figure 1 consists of a positive electrode can 1, a positive electrode 2,
Separator 3, negative electrode (gelled zinc powder, zinc powder, zinc alloy powder, zinc alloy powder) 4, negative electrode current collector 5,
It is composed of a packing 6 and a pressing plate 7.

この電池を負極の種類、ジメチルスルホキシド添加量を
変えて各々10個ずつ電池を組立て、60℃× 1ケ月
保存し、その時の電池内の水素ガス発生1(cc)を測
定し、各々10個の測定結果の平均値を第1表に示した
Assemble 10 batteries of each type with different types of negative electrodes and different amounts of dimethyl sulfoxide, store them at 60°C for 1 month, measure hydrogen gas generation 1 (cc) in the batteries at that time, and The average values of the measurement results are shown in Table 1.

第  1  表 :I:1:10回測定の平均値、*2:亜鉛粉を使用、
*3:亜鉛粉を1.0%1−1+)で汞化したものを使
用、1;4:亜鉛−箱(0,05%)−インジウム(0
,02%)合金粉使用。
Table 1: I: 1: Average value of 10 measurements, *2: Using zinc powder,
*3: Zinc powder is used as a starch with 1.0% 1-1+), 1;4: Zinc-box (0.05%)-Indium (0
, 02%) using alloy powder.

第  1  表(続き) *1:10回測定の平均値、*5:亜鉛−鉛(O,OS
%)−インジウム(0,02%)合金粉を1.0%Hg
で汞化したものを使用、*6:亜鉛−鉛(01OS%)
−アルミニウム(0,05%)−インジウム(0,02
%)合金粉使用、*7:亜鉛−鉛(O,OS%) −ア
ルミニウム(00OS%)−インジウム(0,02%)
合金粉を1.0%Hgで汞化したものを使用。
Table 1 (continued) *1: Average value of 10 measurements, *5: Zinc-lead (O, OS
%)-indium (0,02%) alloy powder to 1.0%Hg
*6: Zinc-lead (01OS%)
- Aluminum (0,05%) - Indium (0,02
%) Alloy powder used, *7: Zinc-Lead (O,OS%) -Aluminum (00OS%)-Indium (0,02%)
Uses alloy powder enriched with 1.0% Hg.

第1表に示されるごとく、ジメチルスルホキシドを0.
02〜5.0容量%の範囲で添加した実施例1〜30は
、ジメチルスルホキシドを全く添加しない実施例1〜1
2に比べて負極の種類(負極(1)〜(6・))に関係
なく、水素ガス発生量を著しく抑制していることがわか
る。
As shown in Table 1, dimethyl sulfoxide was added to 0.
Examples 1 to 30 in which dimethyl sulfoxide was added in the range of 02 to 5.0% by volume are Examples 1 to 1 in which dimethyl sulfoxide was not added at all.
It can be seen that compared to No. 2, the amount of hydrogen gas generated was significantly suppressed regardless of the type of negative electrode (negative electrodes (1) to (6)).

なお、本実施例および比較例では電解液として水酸化カ
リウム水溶液を用いたが、水酸化ナトリウム水溶液で実
施しても同様な結果が得られた。
Although a potassium hydroxide aqueous solution was used as the electrolyte in the present example and comparative example, similar results were obtained even when a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was used.

また、他の亜鉛合金粉を用いた場合にも同様な結果が得
られた。
Similar results were also obtained when other zinc alloy powders were used.

[発明の効果] 以上説明のように、電解液であるアルカリ水溶液に、特
定量のジメチルスルホキシドを添加する本発明の亜鉛ア
ルカリ電池によれば、負極として低汞化亜鉛粉あるいは
無汞化亜鉛粉を使用した場合においても、電池内で発生
する水素ガス量を大幅に低減化でき、工業的価値が大で
ある。
[Effects of the Invention] As explained above, according to the zinc-alkaline battery of the present invention in which a specific amount of dimethyl sulfoxide is added to an alkaline aqueous solution as an electrolyte, a low-rate zinc powder or a non-rate-changed zinc powder is used as a negative electrode. Even when using this method, the amount of hydrogen gas generated within the battery can be significantly reduced, which is of great industrial value.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of drawings]

第1図は本発明に係わるアルカリマンガン電池の原理図
を示す。 1:正極缶、 2:正極、 3:セパレーター、4:負
極、 5:負極集電体、 6:パツキン、7:押さえ板
FIG. 1 shows a principle diagram of an alkaline manganese battery according to the present invention. 1: positive electrode can, 2: positive electrode, 3: separator, 4: negative electrode, 5: negative electrode current collector, 6: packing, 7: holding plate.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】 1、アルカリ水溶液を電解液とし、負極が亜鉛または亜
鉛合金からなる亜鉛アルカリ電池において、前記アルカ
リ水溶液に対して、ジメチルスルホキシドを0.02〜
5.0容量%添加したことを特徴とする亜鉛アルカリ電
池。 2、前記亜鉛合金が鉛、カドミウム、インジウム、タリ
ウム、ガリウム、アルミニウムの少なくとも1種を含有
する前記特許請求の範囲第1項記載の亜鉛アルカリ電池
。 3、前記亜鉛または亜鉛合金が汞化されている前記特許
請求の範囲第1項または第2項記載の亜鉛アルカリ電池
[Scope of Claims] 1. In a zinc-alkaline battery in which an aqueous alkaline solution is used as an electrolyte and a negative electrode is made of zinc or a zinc alloy, 0.02 to
A zinc-alkaline battery characterized by adding 5.0% by volume. 2. The zinc-alkaline battery according to claim 1, wherein the zinc alloy contains at least one of lead, cadmium, indium, thallium, gallium, and aluminum. 3. The zinc-alkaline battery according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the zinc or zinc alloy is hydrogenated.
JP4736086A 1986-03-06 1986-03-06 Zinc alkaline battery Expired - Lifetime JPH0732020B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP4736086A JPH0732020B2 (en) 1986-03-06 1986-03-06 Zinc alkaline battery

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP4736086A JPH0732020B2 (en) 1986-03-06 1986-03-06 Zinc alkaline battery

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS62206765A true JPS62206765A (en) 1987-09-11
JPH0732020B2 JPH0732020B2 (en) 1995-04-10

Family

ID=12772954

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP4736086A Expired - Lifetime JPH0732020B2 (en) 1986-03-06 1986-03-06 Zinc alkaline battery

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH0732020B2 (en)

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH0732020B2 (en) 1995-04-10

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