JPS62205225A - Manufacture of high strength spheroidal graphite cast iron - Google Patents

Manufacture of high strength spheroidal graphite cast iron

Info

Publication number
JPS62205225A
JPS62205225A JP4695686A JP4695686A JPS62205225A JP S62205225 A JPS62205225 A JP S62205225A JP 4695686 A JP4695686 A JP 4695686A JP 4695686 A JP4695686 A JP 4695686A JP S62205225 A JPS62205225 A JP S62205225A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
cast iron
spheroidal graphite
graphite cast
less
manufacture
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP4695686A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH0238645B2 (en
Inventor
Shoichi Yoshino
吉野 彰一
Nobuhisa Iijima
飯尾 宜久
Takashi Tamura
孝志 田村
Yoshimichi Ogino
荻野 義道
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kubota Corp
Original Assignee
Kubota Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kubota Corp filed Critical Kubota Corp
Priority to JP4695686A priority Critical patent/JPH0238645B2/en
Publication of JPS62205225A publication Critical patent/JPS62205225A/en
Publication of JPH0238645B2 publication Critical patent/JPH0238645B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Abstract

PURPOSE:To manufacture the titled cast iron superior in strength and elongation, by applying austenitizing and austemper treatments to spheroidal graphite iron contg. specified ratios of C, Si, Mn, P, S, Mg, Ni, Nb, V, Zr. CONSTITUTION:Spheroidal graphite cast iron contg. by weight 2.5-4.0% C, 1.5-3.0% Si, <=0.3% Mn, <=0.05% P, <=0.01% S, 0.02-0.10% Mg, <=1.0% Ni and 0.05-0.60% total of one kind of >=2 kinds among Nb, V, Zr and the balance substantially Fe is prepd. The spheroidal graphite cast iron is firstly heated to 850- about 1,000 deg.C in austenitizing range, held for 1-3hr for austenitizing. Next, it is heated in a salt bath of 220- about 420 deg.C for 15min- about 8hr for austemper treatment to obtain the spheroidal graphite cast iron goods composed mainly of bainite structure.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 〈産業上の利用分野〉 本発明は優れた強度及び伸びを有する高強度球状黒鉛鋳
鉄の製造方法に関する。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION <Industrial Application Field> The present invention relates to a method for producing high-strength spheroidal graphite cast iron having excellent strength and elongation.

〈従来の技術〉 球状黒鉛鋳鉄の特性向上については特殊成分添加に依る
方法や熱処理に依る方法等があり、前者には例えば1.
0〜15%Cu及び0.1〜0.5%■を添加すること
に依って90kgf/−に及ぶ引張強さと、4%以上の
伸びを有す球状黒鉛鋳鉄(Cは2.7〜3.9%)が知
られている(特開昭51−6212号公報参照)。
<Prior art> There are methods to improve the properties of spheroidal graphite cast iron, such as adding special ingredients and heat treatment.
Spheroidal graphite cast iron (C is 2.7-3 .9%) is known (see Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 51-6212).

後者には焼入れ、焼もどしやオーステンパーによる特性
向上がなされているが、特に肉厚鋳物についてはNi’
PMoを含有させることによって熱処理効果の向上が図
られている。
The properties of the latter are improved by quenching, tempering, and austempering, but especially for thick castings, Ni'
The heat treatment effect is improved by including PMo.

例えば1.0%Nt(Cは3.5%)を含有する球状黒
鉛鋳鉄を油焼入、焼もどし処理することによって引張強
さ107kgf/nil、伸び4%が得られており(鉄
鋼材料便覧、日本金属学会・日本鉄鋼協会編に依る)、
又Ni 1.44%、 Mo 3.14%(Cは3.5
8%)含有の球状黒鉛鋳鉄を325℃の塩浴でオーステ
ンパー処理することによって引張強さ128kgf/i
、伸び4.8%が得られている。(この材料については
本発明の比較材として第1表及び第2表に掲げている) 〈発明が解決しようとする問題点〉 上側のようにオーステンパー処理では極めて優れた強さ
、伸びを有する球状黒鉛鋳鉄が得られているが、これは
含有のNi及びMoの作用に負うところが大きく、鋳物
がおよそφ30龍相当以上の体積を有する場合高強度、
高伸び確保のために従来では0.2〜0.8%のMoが
添加されていた。すなわち高価なMo使用という経済的
な面で問題があった。
For example, by oil-quenching and tempering spheroidal graphite cast iron containing 1.0% Nt (3.5% C), a tensile strength of 107 kgf/nil and an elongation of 4% have been obtained (Steel Materials Handbook). , edited by the Japan Institute of Metals and the Iron and Steel Institute of Japan),
Also, Ni 1.44%, Mo 3.14% (C is 3.5
Tensile strength of 128 kgf/i was achieved by austempering the spheroidal graphite cast iron containing 8%) in a salt bath at 325°C.
, an elongation of 4.8% was obtained. (This material is listed in Tables 1 and 2 as a comparative material for the present invention) <Problems to be solved by the invention> As shown above, it has extremely excellent strength and elongation when austempered. Spheroidal graphite cast iron has been obtained, but this is largely due to the action of Ni and Mo contained, and when the casting has a volume equivalent to approximately φ30 or more, it has high strength,
Conventionally, 0.2 to 0.8% Mo was added to ensure high elongation. That is, there was an economical problem in that expensive Mo was used.

く問題点を解決するための手段〉 本発明は上記の問題点の解決と、更にMo含有材以上の
引張強さ及び伸びの向上を図ってなされたものであり、
そのための手段として、重量百分率で、C:2.5〜4
.0%、 Si:  1.5〜3.0%、Mn:0.3
%以下、p:o、05%以下、s:o、oi%以下。
Means for Solving the Problems> The present invention has been made to solve the above problems and further improve the tensile strength and elongation of Mo-containing materials.
As a means for that purpose, C: 2.5 to 4 in weight percentage
.. 0%, Si: 1.5-3.0%, Mn: 0.3
% or less, p:o, 05% or less, s:o, oi% or less.

Mg : 0.02〜0.10%、Ni:1.5%以下
及びNb、 V。
Mg: 0.02-0.10%, Ni: 1.5% or less, and Nb, V.

Zrの1種又は2種以上の合計0.05〜0.60%を
含み、残部実質的にFeより成る球状黒鉛鋳鉄を加熱し
オーステナイト化を行って後、塩浴中でオーステンパー
処理を行うようにしているのである。
Spheroidal graphite cast iron containing one or more types of Zr in a total of 0.05 to 0.60% and the remainder substantially consisting of Fe is heated to austenitize, and then subjected to austempering treatment in a salt bath. That's how I do it.

〈実施例〉 先ず本発明における球状黒鉛鋳鉄の成分限定理由から述
べる。
<Example> First, the reason for limiting the components of spheroidal graphite cast iron in the present invention will be described.

C:2.5〜4.0  % 上記範囲は通常の球状黒鉛鋳鉄においても見られる範囲
であり、本発明においても好ましいフェライト・パーラ
イト組織を得る範囲として2.5〜4.0%に限定した
C: 2.5 to 4.0% The above range is also found in normal spheroidal graphite cast iron, and in the present invention, it is limited to 2.5 to 4.0% as a range to obtain a preferable ferrite-pearlite structure. .

Si:1.5〜3.0% 上記範囲も通常の球状黒鉛鋳鉄を得る範囲である。 S
tはCの黒鉛化を助長する元素であり、1.5%以下で
はセメンタイトの析出が多く伸びが劣化する。又3.0
%以上ではフェライトが多くなり強度の低下を招来する
Si: 1.5 to 3.0% The above range is also a range for obtaining normal spheroidal graphite cast iron. S
t is an element that promotes graphitization of C, and if it is less than 1.5%, a lot of cementite will precipitate and elongation will deteriorate. Also 3.0
% or more, the amount of ferrite increases, resulting in a decrease in strength.

Mn:0.3%以下 Mnは税酸、パーライトの安定化等に働くが延性低下を
もたらす。本発明では好ましい伸び率確保のために0.
3%以下と限定したのである。
Mn: 0.3% or less Mn works to stabilize acid and pearlite, but it causes a decrease in ductility. In the present invention, in order to ensure a preferable elongation rate, 0.
It was limited to 3% or less.

P : 0.05%以下 Pも延性低下を招来するもので低い方が望ましく、Mn
同様に好ましい伸び率確保の点から0.05%以下とし
た。
P: 0.05% or less P also causes a decrease in ductility, so a lower value is desirable;
Similarly, from the viewpoint of ensuring a preferable elongation rate, it was set to 0.05% or less.

S:0.01%以下 Sは黒鉛球状化を妨げるように作用すると共に黒鉛球状
化作用をするMgを硫化マグネシウムとして消費し、そ
の歩留りを低下させる。従って出来得る限り少ない事が
望ましいが、除去における経済性を考慮して0.01%
以下と限定した。
S: 0.01% or less S acts to prevent graphite spheroidization and consumes Mg, which acts to spheroidize graphite, as magnesium sulfide, reducing its yield. Therefore, it is desirable to have as little as possible, but considering the economic efficiency of removal, 0.01%
Limited to the following.

Mg : 0.02〜0.10% Mgは黒鉛の球状化のために添加され、上記範囲も通常
の含有範囲である。すなわち0.02%以下では球状化
効果が不足し、0.10%以上としてもその効果は飽和
しているのである。
Mg: 0.02 to 0.10% Mg is added to make graphite spheroidal, and the above range is also a normal content range. That is, if it is less than 0.02%, the spheroidizing effect is insufficient, and even if it is more than 0.10%, the effect is saturated.

Ni:1.5%以下 Niは焼入性の向上、基地の強化にを効であるが添加効
果の面からは1.5%以上とする必要はなく、又経済性
の面からも1.5%以下が適切である。
Ni: 1.5% or less Ni is effective in improving hardenability and strengthening the base, but it is not necessary to increase the amount to 1.5% or more from the viewpoint of the addition effect, and from the economic viewpoint. 5% or less is appropriate.

Nb、  V、 Zrの1種又は2種以上の合計:0.
05〜0.60% Nb、  V、 Zrは焼入性の向上、結晶粒の微細化
、靭性の向上に寄与する他、後述するようにそれぞれ個
性的な効果を有するが、0.05%以下では焼入性の向
上効果が小さくφ20龍相当以上の体積を有するもので
は焼が十分入らない。一方o、eoを越えるときは炭化
物の析出を招きかえって有害となる。
Total of one or more of Nb, V, and Zr: 0.
05-0.60% Nb, V, and Zr contribute to improving hardenability, refining crystal grains, and improving toughness, and each has individual effects as described below, but 0.05% or less However, the effect of improving hardenability is small, and if the volume is equivalent to or larger than φ20, it cannot be hardened sufficiently. On the other hand, if it exceeds o or eo, it may lead to the precipitation of carbides, which is harmful.

次に熱処理について述べる。Next, heat treatment will be described.

上記成分を含有し残部実質的にFeより成る球状黒鉛鋳
鉄品を先ずオーステナイト化域内の850〜1000℃
に加熱し保持してオーステナイト化を図るのであるが、
保持時間は1〜3時間が適切である。
A spheroidal graphite cast iron product containing the above components and the remainder being substantially Fe is first heated at 850 to 1000°C within the austenitizing range.
It is heated and held to convert it into austenite.
A suitable holding time is 1 to 3 hours.

オーステナイト化を了へた部材は次に220〜420℃
の塩浴中で恒温変態、すなわちオーステンパー処理を行
う。処理時間は15分〜8時間が適切であり、これによ
ってベーナイト組織を主とする球状黒鉛鋳鉄品を得るこ
とができるのである。
After completing austenitization, the material is heated to 220 to 420℃.
Isothermal transformation, or austempering, is carried out in a salt bath. The appropriate treatment time is 15 minutes to 8 hours, and thereby a spheroidal graphite cast iron product mainly having a bainite structure can be obtained.

以下に本発明の具体的実施例を従来打倒と比較して示す
。下記第1表には従来打倒及び実施例の化学組成を掲げ
、第2表には第1表に掲げた組成の材質によって軸径6
0龍のクランクシャフトを鋳造し、同シャフトを900
℃で2時間のオーステナイト化を行って後、325℃の
塩浴中で4時間のオーステンパー処理をしたものと、3
75℃の塩浴中で4時間の同処理をしたものについて各
60φ軸部より15φのテストピースを採取し引張試験
を行った結果と、同軸部よりの試料による硬さ、膨張率
の調査結果を掲げた。
Specific examples of the present invention will be shown below in comparison with conventional methods. Table 1 below lists the chemical compositions of conventional and working examples, and Table 2 lists the shaft diameter 6 by the material with the composition listed in Table 1.
0 Dragon's crankshaft was cast and the same shaft was made into 900
One was austenitized for 2 hours at ℃ and then austempered for 4 hours in a salt bath at 325℃;
The results of a tensile test using test pieces of 15φ taken from each 60φ shaft after the same treatment for 4 hours in a salt bath at 75°C, and the results of an investigation of hardness and expansion rate using samples from the same shaft. was raised.

(次 葉) 〈発明の効果〉 本発明は以上のとおりであり、上表からも明らかなよう
にNb、  V、 Zrの含有が、これら元素の1種若
しくは2種以上の合計で0.05〜0.60%という少
量の含有でありなからオーステンパー処理された本発明
材は、従来のNi若しくはN i −Mo含有のオース
テンパー処理材に対し、優れた引張強さと共に優れた伸
びを示して、従来材がMc>を使用していることによる
問題点すなわち経済性の問題を解決しているのであり、
しかも上述のようにMo含有材より一層(憂れた材質と
しているのである。
(Next page) <Effects of the Invention> The present invention is as described above, and as is clear from the table above, the content of Nb, V, and Zr is 0.05 in total of one or more of these elements. The material of the present invention, which is austempered with a small content of ~0.60%, has excellent tensile strength and elongation compared to conventional austempered materials containing Ni or Ni-Mo. This solves the problems caused by conventional materials using Mc>, that is, the problem of economy.
Moreover, as mentioned above, the material is even worse than the Mo-containing material.

いまNb+  V、 Zr個々の添加効果をより詳しく
見ると、 a、ZrはNiとの組合せの結果、熱処理後の寸法膨張
量が最も小さく、加工後熱処理を施すような製品には極
めて好都合である。
Now, if we look at the effects of individual additions of Nb + V and Zr in more detail, a and Zr, in combination with Ni, have the smallest amount of dimensional expansion after heat treatment, which is extremely advantageous for products that undergo heat treatment after processing. .

b、■は若干のバナジウムカーバイドを作るが、それ以
上にオーステナイト量を安定せしめて伸びを高め、又N
iの添加量を減らしても伸び、引張強さの向上効果が大
きい。
b and ■ produce a small amount of vanadium carbide, but more than that, they stabilize the amount of austenite and increase elongation, and also N.
Even if the amount of i added is reduced, the effect of improving elongation and tensile strength is large.

c、Nbの添加材は他のV、Zrの添加材に比して硬さ
がJIBで20〜30低いという特徴を示している。す
なわち高強度、高靭性が得られるのであり、熱処理後の
加工を容易にするためには掻めて有効な添加剤である。
The additives of c and Nb exhibit a characteristic that the hardness is 20 to 30 lower in JIB than other additives of V and Zr. That is, high strength and high toughness can be obtained, and it is an extremely effective additive for facilitating processing after heat treatment.

以上のようにZr、  V、 Nbはそれぞれ特徴のあ
る作用効果を示すもので、これらの元素を特定した範囲
において単独若しくは2f!以上組合せて添加すること
により、単に引張強さ、伸びを向上させるばかりでなく
用途、目的に応じて上述のような特性を付与することが
できるのであり、更にはNi及びZr+  V、 Nb
の添加量が従来のNi −Mo系添加量に比し小量とな
り、従って鋳造性を阻害することがなく、この面からも
品質の向上が図られているのである。
As mentioned above, Zr, V, and Nb each exhibit characteristic effects, and within the specified range, these elements can be used alone or in combination with 2f! By adding the above combinations, it is possible not only to simply improve tensile strength and elongation, but also to impart the above-mentioned properties depending on the use and purpose.Furthermore, Ni and Zr + V, Nb
The amount of addition is smaller than that of the conventional Ni--Mo system, so castability is not inhibited, and quality is improved from this aspect as well.

本発明は以上のような種々の利点を有して、クランクシ
ャフト、ギアー等のオーステンパー処理を行う製品一般
の製造に通用可能であり、これら製品の品質向上に寄与
するところ甚だ大なるものがある。
The present invention has various advantages as described above, and can be applied to the production of general products that undergo austempering treatment such as crankshafts and gears, and it greatly contributes to improving the quality of these products. be.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] (1)重量百分率で、C:2.5〜4.0%、Si:1
.5〜3.0%、Mn:0.3%以下、P:0.05%
以下、S:0.01%以下、Mg:0.02〜0.10
%、Ni:1.5%以下及びNb、V、Zrの1種又は
2種以上の合計0.05〜0.60%を含み、残部実質
的にFeより成る球状黒鉛鋳鉄を加熱しオーステナイト
化を行って後、塩浴中でオーステンパー処理を行うこと
を特徴とする高強度球状黒鉛鋳鉄の製造方法。
(1) Weight percentage: C: 2.5-4.0%, Si: 1
.. 5-3.0%, Mn: 0.3% or less, P: 0.05%
Below, S: 0.01% or less, Mg: 0.02 to 0.10
%, Ni: 1.5% or less and a total of 0.05 to 0.60% of one or more of Nb, V, and Zr, with the remainder substantially consisting of Fe, and the spheroidal graphite cast iron is heated to austenitize. A method for producing high-strength spheroidal graphite cast iron, which comprises performing an austempering treatment in a salt bath.
JP4695686A 1986-03-03 1986-03-03 KOKYODOKYUJOKOKUENCHUTETSUNOSEIZOHOHO Expired - Lifetime JPH0238645B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP4695686A JPH0238645B2 (en) 1986-03-03 1986-03-03 KOKYODOKYUJOKOKUENCHUTETSUNOSEIZOHOHO

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP4695686A JPH0238645B2 (en) 1986-03-03 1986-03-03 KOKYODOKYUJOKOKUENCHUTETSUNOSEIZOHOHO

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS62205225A true JPS62205225A (en) 1987-09-09
JPH0238645B2 JPH0238645B2 (en) 1990-08-31

Family

ID=12761736

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP4695686A Expired - Lifetime JPH0238645B2 (en) 1986-03-03 1986-03-03 KOKYODOKYUJOKOKUENCHUTETSUNOSEIZOHOHO

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH0238645B2 (en)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2002275575A (en) * 2001-03-21 2002-09-25 Aisin Seiki Co Ltd High strength spheroidal graphite cast iron and production method therefor
JP2008156688A (en) * 2006-12-22 2008-07-10 Jfe Steel Kk High strength spheroidal graphite cast iron
CN102330012A (en) * 2011-09-02 2012-01-25 上海大学 Niobium bainite ductile iron material and production process thereof
JP2012036465A (en) * 2010-08-09 2012-02-23 Jfe Steel Corp Spheroidal graphite cast iron product excellent in wear resistance
RU2475557C1 (en) * 2011-12-29 2013-02-20 Юлия Алексеевна Щепочкина Cast-iron
CN104561754A (en) * 2014-12-31 2015-04-29 铜陵市经纬流体科技有限公司 Soft-seal brake valve body of spheroidal graphite cast iron and preparing method of soft-seal brake valve body
CN106011609A (en) * 2016-07-29 2016-10-12 西峡县内燃机进排气管有限责任公司 Medium silicon molybdenum niobium spheroidal graphite cast iron material and preparation method thereof
CN111004968A (en) * 2020-02-15 2020-04-14 溧阳市联华机械制造有限公司 High-silicon heat-resistant vermicular graphite cast iron with thermal fatigue resistance and high performance and preparation method thereof
CN117604371A (en) * 2023-12-12 2024-02-27 河北京东管业有限公司 Spheroidal graphite cast iron and preparation method thereof

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2002275575A (en) * 2001-03-21 2002-09-25 Aisin Seiki Co Ltd High strength spheroidal graphite cast iron and production method therefor
JP4565301B2 (en) * 2001-03-21 2010-10-20 アイシン精機株式会社 High-strength spheroidal graphite cast iron and method for producing the same
JP2008156688A (en) * 2006-12-22 2008-07-10 Jfe Steel Kk High strength spheroidal graphite cast iron
JP2012036465A (en) * 2010-08-09 2012-02-23 Jfe Steel Corp Spheroidal graphite cast iron product excellent in wear resistance
CN102330012A (en) * 2011-09-02 2012-01-25 上海大学 Niobium bainite ductile iron material and production process thereof
RU2475557C1 (en) * 2011-12-29 2013-02-20 Юлия Алексеевна Щепочкина Cast-iron
CN104561754A (en) * 2014-12-31 2015-04-29 铜陵市经纬流体科技有限公司 Soft-seal brake valve body of spheroidal graphite cast iron and preparing method of soft-seal brake valve body
CN106011609A (en) * 2016-07-29 2016-10-12 西峡县内燃机进排气管有限责任公司 Medium silicon molybdenum niobium spheroidal graphite cast iron material and preparation method thereof
CN106011609B (en) * 2016-07-29 2018-03-02 西峡县内燃机进排气管有限责任公司 A kind of middle silicon molybdenum niobium ductile cast iron material and preparation method thereof
CN111004968A (en) * 2020-02-15 2020-04-14 溧阳市联华机械制造有限公司 High-silicon heat-resistant vermicular graphite cast iron with thermal fatigue resistance and high performance and preparation method thereof
CN117604371A (en) * 2023-12-12 2024-02-27 河北京东管业有限公司 Spheroidal graphite cast iron and preparation method thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH0238645B2 (en) 1990-08-31

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US8858736B2 (en) Austempered ductile iron, method for producing this and component comprising this iron
Trudel et al. Effect of composition and heat treatment parameters on the characteristics of austempered ductile irons
GB1417435A (en) Alloyed spheroidal graphite iron
US6258180B1 (en) Wear resistant ductile iron
CN109161667A (en) A kind of bearing components and preparation method thereof
JPS62205225A (en) Manufacture of high strength spheroidal graphite cast iron
US4891076A (en) Gray cast iron having both increased wear resistance and toughness
JP3932995B2 (en) Induction tempering steel and method for producing the same
CN108048741A (en) hot rolled bainite steel rail and preparation method thereof
CN101849028A (en) High tensile steel for deep drawing and manufacturing method thereof
US4541878A (en) Cast iron with spheroidal graphite and austenitic-bainitic mixed structure
EP0230716A1 (en) Machinable ductile or semiductile iron
JPS616249A (en) High strength spheroidal graphite cast iron with superior machinability
EP0272788B1 (en) A method of making wear resistant gray cast iron
JP6390685B2 (en) Non-tempered steel and method for producing the same
Valdés et al. Austempered ductile iron with dual matrix structures
JP2775049B2 (en) Manufacturing method of spheroidal graphite cast iron
JP3915128B2 (en) Method of spheroidizing annealing of low alloy steel
JPH0770646A (en) Production of gear
JPS60110843A (en) Spheroidal graphite cast iron for austempering
JP2567258B2 (en) Iron-based casting having high strength, high rigidity, and high toughness, and a method for producing the same
JP2002146438A (en) Method for producing case-hardening steel having excellent cold workability and grain size characteristic
JPH116026A (en) High hardness spheroidal graphite cast iron member excellent in fatigue strength and its production
JPS6196054A (en) Spheroidal graphite cast iron and manufacture thereof
JPH0452218A (en) Manufacture of high toughness cast steel

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
EXPY Cancellation because of completion of term