JPS62173326A - Four-wheel drive device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To improve performance of a differential lock by connecting a 1st output component of a planetary gear via an engagement clutch in a 2nd position to an intermediate shaft and transmitting power of the intermediate shaft and a transmission output shaft via the engagement clutch in a 3rd position to the side of front wheels, thereby obtaining two kinds of four-wheel drive (4WD) modes and a two-wheel drive (2WD) mode. CONSTITUTION:When a lever 48 is thrown in a direct connection 4WD position, a clutch 45 makes a ring gear 32 engage with an intermediate shaft 26, a clutch 50 changes over to the direct connection 4WD side, and a planetary gear 30 engages with a drive shaft 14. Accordingly, output of transmission becomes in a front and rear wheel direct connection 4WD mode. When the lever 48 is thrown in a 4WD position with CD&VC, the clutch 50 makes the intermediate shaft 26 engage with the drive shaft 14, making the drive mode a 4WD with center differential. When the lever 48 is further thrown in an FF position, the clutch 45 makes the ring gear 32 disengage from the intermediate shaft 26, and the clutch 50 makes an output shaft 5 engage with the drive shaft 14, making the drive mode an FF 2WD.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a four-wheel drive system for vehicles such as automobiles, and more specifically, a four-wheel drive system with a direct coupling type and a center differential in a vertical transaxle type. Selectively select 1 mode. [Prior art 1] Conventionally, regarding four-wheel drive, for example,
There is a model with a center differential as shown in Publication No. 20, and in the case of this center differential, a differential lock mechanism is indispensable for escaping from the road, and it is indicated that the differential is locked by a hydraulic clutch mechanism. There is. Further, as a direct coupling type, for example, a type using a viscous coupling is disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Application Publication No. 59-188731. (Problems to be Solved by the Invention) By the way, since the prior art described above has either a center differential or a direct drive mode, the performance in poor road conditions is satisfactory. Also, the former type with a center differential has problems such as the complicated holes and grooves for the differential lock. The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and therefore it is possible to expand the types of driving modes for four-wheel drive and apply it to various driving conditions, and to integrate the differential lock mechanism with a center differential into an rfI system. The object of the present invention is to provide a four-wheel drive device that does the following. (Means for Solving the Problems) In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a transmission output shaft with a center differential function in a transverse gear installed at the rear of a vertical transaxle type transmission. A first output element of the planetary gear is connected to an intermediate shaft via a two-position dog clutch, and a three-position dog clutch connects the intermediate shaft and the transmission output shaft. The second output element of the planetary gear is transmitted to the front wheel side through the front wheel, and the second output element of the planetary gear is transmitted to the rear wheel side through the intermediate shaft and the second
A viscous coupling for differential locking is installed between the output element of the 2-wheel drive system, and two types of 4-wheel drive with direct connection and a center differential that can be locked, and 2-wheel drive with front engine and front drive (FF) are available. It is configured so that [Function] Based on the above configuration, by switching the two sets of dog clutches,
Direct-coupled 4-wheel drive mode with integrated planetary gear A7, 4-wheel drive mode with planetary gear center differential (C, D > f dimensions, and automatically differential locked by viscous couplings (V, C)) Alternatively, the planetary gear is free and the viscous coupling is inactive, resulting in an FF driving mode.In this way, according to the present invention, one of two types of four-wheel drive and FF driving mode can be selected depending on road conditions, etc. [Embodiment] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be specifically explained with reference to the drawings. To explain the transmission system of a wheel drive device, an engine 1, a clutch 2, and a transmission 4 are arranged vertically in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body.
A front differential device 16 is assembled and installed inside the transmission case at the lower part between the transmission case and the transmission 4, thereby forming a transaxle type. The transmission R4 is of a constant mesh type, in which an output shaft 5 is arranged parallel to an input shaft 3, and four sets of mutually meshing gears, for example, 1st to 4th speed, are arranged on both shafts 3 and 5. Shift gears 6 to 9 are provided, and a synchronization mechanism 10 between gears 6 and 7 is provided. By selectively operating the hole groove 11 between gears 8 and 9, each of the forward gears from 1st to 4th speed is obtained. In addition, by meshing the gear 13 on the sleeve side of the synchronizing mechanism 10 with the gear A712 of the reverse stage, which is provided on the input shaft 3, via an idler gear (not shown), the shell 'rQ IQ is obtained. The above output!1115 is a hollow shaft, into which the front drive shaft 14 is inserted, and the front drive shaft 4q
A drive pinion 15 formed at the front end of h14 meshes with a crown gear A217 of the front differential 1iQIG to transmit power to the front wheels. In addition, the transfer 1 installed at the rear of the transmission 1
In the device 18, the output shaft 5 and the fluorocarbon 1 drive shaft 14 inside are arranged coaxially, and
7 One drive shaft is arranged in parallel. One rear drive shaft is further provided with a propeller shaft 20. Nine-fifth differential device 2
Transmission is configured to the rear wheel side via 1. The transfer device 18 includes a set of planetary gears 30.having a center differential function. A viscous coupling 40 for differential locking and two sets of dog clutches 45 and 50 for switching between a plurality of travel modes are provided. The brane gear A730 has a sun gear 31. A pinion gear 33 that meshes with the ring gear 321 and both gears 31 and 32, and a kit that supports the pinion gear 33. The transmission output shaft 5 is connected to the transmission gear 34 to input the transmission output. The ring gear 32 is connected to the intermediate shaft 2G via a dog clutch 45, and the intermediate/tqh 26 and the output shaft 5 are further connected to the front drive/glaze via a dog clutch 50. On the other hand, San L! X731 is connected to the inlet 7 drive shaft 19 via a set of gears 22,23. The viscous coupling 40 has a hub 41. housing 4
2, integral plates 43, 44 are alternately arranged on either side between the two, and a highly viscous liquid is sealed. When the difference in rotation between the hub 41 and the housing 42 becomes large, the hub 41 and the housing 42 have a characteristic of engaging each other and increasing the transmitted torque. Therefore, the hub 41 of the viscous coupling 40 is connected to the rear drive shaft 19 on the sun gear 31 side.
The housing 42 is integrally connected to a set of gears 24 and 25.
It is connected to the intermediate shaft 26 on the ring gear 32 side via. The dog clutch 45 is a 3-position, 2-effect type for FF-4WD switching, with a sleeve 47 always meshing with the hub 46 of the intermediate shaft 26, and an 1lf 147a of the sleeve 47 selectively meshing with the spline 32a of the ring gear 32. Then, the ring gear A732 of the planetary gear 30 is switched to be connected to or disconnected from the intermediate shaft 26. The dog clutch 50 is a FF-directly coupled 4WD-C. D&V, 3 position for 4WD switching with C, flow
The sleeve 52 always meshes with the hub 51 of the actuator drive shaft 14, and m52a of the sleeve 52 is connected to the spline 5a1 of the output shaft 5. :F It meshes in two positions: F and direct 4WD, and the teeth 52a mesh with the spline 26a of the intermediate shaft 26 in two positions, 4WD. Then, either one or both of the output shaft 5 and the intermediate shaft 26 is switched to be connected to the front drive shaft 14. In the operating system, one rail 49 from the select lever 48 engages the sleeve 47.52 of the two-phase dog clutch 45.50. At the lever 48, from the front: C, D&V, 4WD with C, Ti-bound 4WD. Each position of the FF is arranged linearly. Next, the operation of the four-wheel drive device configured as described above will be explained. First, when the vehicle is running, the same 111] mechanism 1 is activated in the transmission 4.
By operating gears 0, 11, etc., gears 6 to 9 and 1
2,13ri outputs power for changing gears to the output shaft 5 for 4 forward speeds and 1 reverse speed. The output shaft 5 is input to the carrier 34 of the planetary gear 30 in the transfer device 18 . Therefore, when the select lever 48 is operated to the intermediate direct 4WD position, the dog clutch 45 is switched to the 4WD side by the engagement between the sleeve 47 @47a and the spline 32a, and the ring gear 32 is connected to the intermediate shaft 26. Link. At the same time, in the dog clutch 50, m52a and 52b of the sleeve 52 are both splines 5a. By meshing with 26a and switching to the direct 4WD side, the planetary gear 30 directly connects and integrates the carrier 34 and the ring gear 32, and in this state, the front drive shaft 14
Connect to. Therefore, the transmission output is 30 planetary gears.
When the front drive is from 14 to the front wheels, at the same time gears 22, 23, etc. It is directly transmitted to the rear wheels after the rear drive shaft 19, resulting in a four-wheel drive force that is directly connected to the front and rear wheels. Therefore, in this driving mode, the front and rear wheels are directly connected to start,
Demonstrates maximum performance on rough roads. Next, move the select lever 48 forward to C, D&V. When operated to the 4WD position with C, the dog clutch 45 is
The above 4WDV'J exchange condition is maintained, but the dog clutch 50
By moving the sleeve 52 forward, the mesh between the @ 52a and the spline 5a is released, and the intermediate shaft 26 is connected to the front drive shaft 14. Therefore, in this case, the planetary gear 30 is connected to the rear drive shaft from the gear 31 through the gears 22 and 23 to the viscous coupling 4.
0 hub 41], and at the same time, the power is transmitted from the ring gear 32 to the front drive shaft 14 via the intermediate shaft 26, and also to the intermediate shaft 26. Power will also be transmitted to the housing 42 of the viscous coupling 40 via gears 24,25. Therefore, the planetary gear 30 divides the power between the +171 wheel and the rear wheels, resulting in a four-wheel drive driving mode with an external differential. On the other hand, the viscous coupling 40 of the rear wheel transmission system monitors the rotation difference between the 1111 rear wheels, and the viscous coupling 40 becomes substantially free when there is a rotation difference during normal turning. Therefore, the center differential function of the planetary gear 30 described above is activated to enable smooth turning. On the other hand, when the rotation difference becomes extremely large, the viscous coupling 40 plays 1 to 43.
The engagement action of 44 increases the torque transmitted, and the front wheel drive force on the housing 42 side restrains the single wheel drive force on the hub 41 side. Therefore, the planetary gear 30 is a ring gear A732.
On the other hand, the gear A731 tends to be integrated, effectively locking the differential, and thus making it possible to automatically escape from rough roads. Furthermore, in this driving mode, the planetary gear 30 connects the large diameter ring gear 32 to the front wheel, and the small diameter +J fungi 31h1.
1 transmits power to the rear wheels. Therefore, front torque TF and rear torque TR are J3, and TF>TR, and driving performance is emphasized. When the select lever 48 is operated to the rear FF position, the dog clutch 45 moves the sleeve 47 backward, causing the teeth 47 to move.
The mesh between a and the spline 42a is disengaged, the gear is switched to the 2WD side, and the intermediate shaft 2G is cut relative to the ring gear 32 (111).
1 inch. At the same time, in the dog clutch 50, the spline 52
m52b and the spline 26a are disengaged to connect the output shaft 5 only to the front drive shaft 14. Therefore, the viscous coupling 40 becomes inoperative because no power is input to the housing 42, and the planetary gear 3
0 is also ring I! The layer 32 is separated and becomes free.
Power is transmitted from output @5 to the front wheels only via the front drive 1II114, resulting in F's two-wheel drive driving mode.The lever operation is performed using an actuator such as air pressure or a motor. It's okay. Although one embodiment of the present invention has been described above, transmission may be configured from the sun gear A731h of the planetary gear 30 to the front wheel side and from the ring gear 32 to the rear wheel side, and in this case, driving is focused on maneuverability. [Effects of the Invention] As described above, according to the present invention, in a four-wheel drive system with a center differential, the differential lock is automatically activated by the viscous coupling, so the differential lock mechanism is greatly simplified, and the viscous coupling The performance of the differential lock can be determined arbitrarily based on the torque characteristics of. With 4WD with center differential, 4WD with direct connection, and FF driving modes, you can drive with confidence even on extremely rough roads. By operating the lever, you can enjoy the difference in maneuverability, ``!2 quality, and driving performance.The configuration allows two sets of dog clutches to be switched simultaneously with one lever, simplifying the operating system.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

The drawing is a skeleton diagram showing an embodiment of the device of the present invention. 4... Transmission, 5... Output shaft, 14... Front drive shaft, 18... Transfer device, 19...
Rear drive number 1.2G...Intermediate shaft, 30...Planetary gear, 31...Sun 1 = Ya, 32...Ring gear A7.34...Carrier, 4o...Viscous coupling, 45. 50... Dog clutch.

Claims (1)

[Claims] In a transfer device disposed at the rear of a vertical transaxle type transmission, the transmission output shaft is coupled to a carrier of a planetary gear having a center differential function, and a first output element of the planetary gear is connected to a carrier of a planetary gear having a center differential function. It is connected to the intermediate shaft via a 2-position dog clutch, the intermediate shaft and the transmission output shaft are connected to the front wheel side via a 3-position dog clutch, and the second output element of the planetary gear is connected to the rear wheel side. A viscous coupling for differential locking is installed between the intermediate shaft and the second output element, and two types of 4-wheel drive with a center differential that can be directly connected and a differential lock are provided, and a front engine/front drive type.
A four-wheel drive system that provides both wheel drive and driving modes.