JPS62173324A - Four-wheel drive device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To improve drive performance by constituting such that an output side of a transmission and a viscous coupling are transmitted via a t-position engagement clutch for either direct connection or free condition to a wheel side thereby obtaining three kinds of four-wheel drive (4WD) and two kinds of two-wheel drive (2WD) modes. CONSTITUTION:When a lever 45 is thrown in an FF position, a clutch 35 transmits power to front wheels and a clutch 40 on the other hand becomes free. Then with the lever 45 in an F-direct-connection 4WD position, the clutch 40 changes over to a viscous coupling 30 side. And with the lever 45 in an FR-direct-connection 4WD position, the clutch 45 changes over to an R-direct- connection side. And with the lever 45 in an R-direct-connection 4WD position, the clutch 35 changes over to the viscous coupling 30 (not shown) side. Further with the lever 45 in an FR position, the clutch 35 becomes free. With this constitution, four-wheel drive modes of front wheel direct connection with viscous coupling and rear wheel direct connection, rear wheel direct connection, and front and rear wheel direct connection; and two-wheel drive modes of FF and FR are obtained.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field 1] The present invention relates to a four-wheel drive device for a vehicle such as a #J car, and more specifically, a four-wheel drive device of a vertically placed one-lance axle type using a viscous coupling. Relates to various selective driving modes such as wheel drive.

[Background of ylk Akira] Four-wheel drive 17+ system without center differential (generally, power is always transmitted to one of the bamboo wheels or rear wheels, and hj force is transmitted to the other side via a transfer device, and transfer 7 It has been proposed to use a meshing dog clutch, hydraulic clutch, or electromagnetic clutch as the device.In this case, dog clutch 1 cannot absorb the difference in rotation at the time of up and turning at all, and hydraulic clutches, etc. There are advantages and disadvantages, such as the need for control.

On the other hand, in recent years, a clutch called a viscous coupling (viscous clutch) has appeared, and a wet multi-plate clutch that uses a viscous medium has appeared! II tM, and has the characteristic of increasing the torque transmitted according to the increase in the rotational difference between the output and the output.

Therefore, such a "Bisno" coupling can be used as a differential [cock], and when used in the transfer device of a four-wheel drive FJJ vehicle, it automatically adjusts the speed of the four wheels according to the rotational difference such as the slip state of the front and rear wheels. Drive performance can be enhanced. Furthermore, as long as the rotational difference does not become extremely large during turning, internal circulation torque can be absorbed by the slip of the viscous coupling, and this point is attracting attention.

[Prior art 1] Conventionally, regarding four-wheel drive using the above-mentioned viscous coupling, there is a prior art, for example, in Japanese Utility Model Application Publication No. 59-188731. has been shown to transmit.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) By the way, in the configuration of the above-mentioned prior art, only one type of driving force is obtained in the front wheel torque TF and rear wheel torque TR, where TF>TR. Therefore, there are problems such as not being able to run with good maneuverability and not being able to maximize drive performance such as starting depending on the loaded state.

The present invention has been made in view of these points, and therefore provides a four-wheel drive system that is capable of freely selecting a plurality of four-wheel drive driving modes using a viscous coupling and fully exhibiting various performances. is intended to provide.

(Means for Solving the Problems 1) In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a transfer Rff disposed at the rear of a vertical transaxle type transmission.
In i, a viscous coupling is connected to the transmission output side, and transmission is configured between the transmission output side and the viscous coupling to the front wheel side via a 5-position dog clutch for V, C-F direct connection and free. At the same time, transmission is configured to the rear wheel side via a 5-position dog clutch for V, C-R direct connection and free, and a single operating system is connected to the two dog clutches mentioned above, and the front wheel is directly connected with a viscous coupling. Three types of four-wheel drive, FF, rear wheel direct connection, and FF'1 rear wheel direct connection, as well as FF, F
The R model is configured to provide two types of two-wheel drive driving modes.

[Function 1] Based on the above configuration, two dog clutches are simultaneously switched by one operating system, and the front wheel is directly connected via the rear viscous coupling, the rear wheel is directly connected via the front viscous coupling, the front and rear wheels are directly connected, FF or [It will be selected for each driving mode of R.]

Thus, according to the present invention, the running condition! Optimal 4 that takes full advantage of the characteristics of the viscous coupling depending on the loading condition, etc.
It is possible to drive with wheel drive or two-wheel drive (FF or FR).

[Example] Hereinafter, an example of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the drawings. To explain the transmission system of the four-wheel drive device according to the present invention with reference to the drawings, an engine 1, a clutch 2, and a transmission 4 are arranged vertically in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body, and a front differential device 16 is located at the lower part between the clutch 2 and the transmission n4. It becomes a transaxle type by being assembled inside the transmission case.

Since the transmission 4 is of a constant mesh type, the output shaft 5 is disposed parallel to the input shaft 3, and four sets of transmission gears are connected to both shafts 35, meshing with the first to fourth speeds H, for example. 1! Ya (i
A synchronization mechanism 10 between gears G and 7 is provided. By selectively operating a synchronizing mechanism 11 between gears 8 and 9, each forward gear stage from first to fourth gear is shifted.

Further, the gear A713 on the sleeve side of the synchronizing mechanism 10 is meshed with the reverse gear 12, which is provided on the input shaft 3, via an idler gear (not shown), so that the reverse gear is shifted by 1q.

The output @5 is a hollow shaft into which the front drive shaft 14 is inserted, and the drive pinion 15 formed at the front end of the front drive shaft 14 meshes with the crown gear 17 of the front differential device 1G to drive the front wheels. The transmission is configured on the side.

In addition, a transfer device 1 disposed at the rear of the transmission 4
8, the output shaft 5 and the front drive shaft 14 inside the output shaft 5 are arranged coaxially, and the A7 drive l11119 is arranged above them in parallel. The rear drive shaft 19 further includes a propeller shaft 20. Transmission is configured to the thread wheel side via the rear differential device 21.

A viscous coupling 30 is connected to the transmission output shaft 5, and this viscous coupling 3 () has a plate 33 integral with one of the hubs 31 and the housing 32, which are connected to the output shaft 5. .34 are arranged alternately,
It is made up of 14 highly viscous liquids and has a characteristic of increasing the transmitted torque in accordance with the rotational difference between the hub 31 and the housing 32. Between the housing 32 of the output shaft 5° viscous coupling 30 and the front drive shaft 14, a 5-position dog clutch 35 for V, C-F direct connection and free is provided.

Also, the output shaft 5. The housings 32 of the viscous couplings 30 each have a pair of glue reduction gears A722°23.
Output is taken out to the rear drive @19 side via J3 and 24.25, and a 5-position dog clutch 40 for V, C-R direct connection and free is connected between these gears 23.25 and the rear drive @119. is provided.

In the dog clutch 35, the sleeve 37 is always engaged with the hub 36 of the front drive shaft 14.
7 tooth 37a is in the 3rd position on the spline 5a of the output shaft 5,
Spline 32a of housing 32 with tooth 37b in 1 position
It selectively engages with, and in the remaining position, it does not engage with any of the other positions and becomes free. In the dog clutch 40, the sleeve 42 is always aligned IV1 with the hub 41 of the rear drive shaft 19, and the south 42a of the sleeve 42 is aligned with the spline 25a of the gear 25 in the Tachiga position, and the tooth 42b is in the 3rd position with the spline 25a of the gear A723. It selectively engages with the spline 23a, and is free at the remaining one position without engaging with it.

In the operating system, one rail 46 from the select lever 45 connects to the sleeve 3 of the dog clutch 35.40.
3 on 7.42! i! conclude. Select lever 45 is in FF position from the front, F direct connection 4W D a position, FR direct connection 4W
This is a pattern in which the D position, R direct connection 4WD position, and FR position are arranged linearly.

Next, the operation of the four-wheel drive system developed in this way will be explained. First, by operating the synchronous R mechanism 10.11 etc. in the transmission 4 at the vehicle running port 5, a variable m1IllI force of 4 forward speeds and 1 reverse speed is applied to the output shaft 5 through the gears 6 to 9 and 12.43 etc. Output. The C-shape of the output shaft 5 is connected to the hub 31 of the viscous coupling 30 in the transfer device 18. It is input at 1722°23.

Therefore, when the select lever 45 is operated to the FF position,
In the dog clutch 35, the teeth 37a of the sleeve 37 mesh with the splines 5a of the output shaft 5, and the output shaft 5 and the front drive shaft 14 are directly connected to directly deliver power to the front wheels.On the other hand, in the dog clutch 40, Teeth 42a of sleeve 42
, 421) do not engage and become free, and therefore the rear wheel side is separated, and in this way the 2nd wheel of the FF
It becomes a wheel drive driving mode.

Next, when the select lever 45 is operated to the F direct connection 4WD position, the dog clutch 35 maintains the F direct connection switching state, but the dog clutch 40 has the teeth 42a of the sleeve 42 meshing with the spline 25a of the gear 725. Switch to the viscous coupling 30 side. The power of the output shaft 5 is transmitted through the viscous coupling 30 to the gear 1-724.
．． 2:i, dog clutch 40. riyatsu drive iqb
Transferred to the rear wheel after 1'l)! In this way, the front wheels are directly connected to the rear wheels via a viscous coupling, resulting in four-wheel drive driving.

In this driving mode, if the rotation difference between the front and rear wheels is small, the viscous coupling 301. :tj, the transmitted torque is small, and the vehicle runs like an FF. On the other hand, when the difference in rotation between the front and rear wheels increases due to slipping of the front wheels, the torque transmitted by the viscous coupling 30 increases rapidly, thereby enhancing the four-wheel drive performance. In this case, in front axle torque TF and rear axle torque TR, TF>
Since it is a TR, emphasis is placed on driving performance.

Next, when the Sereno [- lever 45 is operated to the [R direct connection 4WD position, the 1-mesh clutch 35 maintains the "direct-connection switching state," but the 1-mesh clutch 45 has the teeth 42b of the sleeve 12 set to the 1 = gear 23 position. Spline 23a1.: Matches and switches to the R direct connection side.Therefore, power is transmitted directly to the front wheels), and the transmission output changes from output @5 to gears 22, 23,
dog clutch 40. The power is also directly transmitted to the rear wheels after the A7 drive shaft 19, resulting in four-wheel drive that is directly connected to the front and rear wheels.

Therefore, in this driving mode, you can always start off with 4-wheel drive (4-wheel drive) and use the J3 to maximize performance.

When the select lever 45 is moved to the R direct connection 4WD position (Y), the dog clutch 4o is in the direct connection state (k is 1).
The mating clutch 35 is switched to the viscous coupling 30 side when the l'a 37b of the sleeve 37 engages with the spline 32a of the housing 32. Therefore, the transmission output is viscous coupling 30. The dog clutch 35° transmits power to the bamboo wheels after the front drive shaft 14, resulting in four-wheel drive via a bamboo wheel viscous coupling directly connected to the rear wheels.

Therefore, in this driving mode, the driving is FR-like, and TF<
TR puts emphasis on maneuverability. When the rear wheel radius decreases due to rear wheel slip or an increase in rear wheel load, and the rotation difference between the front and rear wheels increases, the torque transmitted to the front wheels by the viscous coupling 30 increases, strengthening the four-wheel drive performance. do.

Further, when the select lever 45 is operated to the FR position, the dog clutch 40 maintains the R direct connection switching state as shown in the figure, and directly transmits power to the rear wheels. On the other hand, dog clutch 35
When the teeth 37a and 37b of the sleeve 37 are engaged, they become free, and the front wheels are therefore separated, resulting in an FR two-wheel drive driving mode.

Therefore, this running mode is similar to a normal FRrJ.

(2) The operation system can be configured to be operated by a button switch using an actuator such as a pneumatic pressure or a motor.

(Effects of the Invention) As described above, according to the present invention, the four-wheel drive driving mode in which the front wheels or the rear wheels with the viscous coupling are directly connected can be obtained by selecting α, so that the characteristics of the viscous coupling can be obtained. can be fully utilized.

In addition, it becomes possible to drive safely and with good power performance by taking into account stability, maneuverability, VJ mounting condition, etc., and it is also advantageous in terms of tire wear and fuel efficiency.

Since it is a combination of FF and FF-like driving modes, and FR and FR-like driving modes, you can enjoy the difference in maneuverability, etc., and drive optimally according to various conditions and preferences.

The driving mode that connects the front wheels directly allows you to always maximize the performance of four-wheel drive.

Since two dog clutches are switched by one rail,
It has good operability and a simple structure.

2. The four-wheel drive positions are arranged linearly in the front-rear direction depending on the direct connection state, making it easy to operate.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

The drawings show sprues 1 to 1 showing an embodiment of the four-wheel drive device of the present invention.
This is Figure 2. 4...Transmission, 5...Output shaft, 16...Freon 1
~Default stomach filling, 18...Transfer device, 21...
Rear differential device, 30...Viscous coupling, 35
...V, C-F direct connection - 5 position r@ mating clutch for free, 40...■, C-R direct connection - 5 position dog clutch for free, 46...operation rail.

Claims (1)

[Claims] In a transfer device disposed at the rear of a vertical transaxle type transmission, viscous couplings V and C are connected to the output side of the transmission, and the viscous couplings are connected to the output side of the transmission. V,C
-F direct connection - Transmission is configured to the front wheel side via a 5-position dog clutch for free drive, and at the same time, transmission is configured to the rear wheel side via a 5-position dog clutch for V, C-R direct connection - free drive. One operating system is connected to two dog clutches, and three types of 4-wheel drive are available: front wheel direct connection with viscous coupling, rear wheel direct connection, and front and rear wheel direct connection, as well as two types of 2 wheel drive, FF and FR. A four-wheel drive system that provides driving modes.