JPS62134336A - Four-wheel drive system - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To secure a device bearing the above caption excellent in controllability, capable of selectively securing running modes of each four-wheel drive directly connected to both front and rear wheels and FR two-wheel drive, in case of a transfer unit to be set up in the rear of a vertical trans-axle type transmission. CONSTITUTION:In case of a transfer unit to be set up in the rear of a transmission 4, a viscous coupling V.C30 is connected to a transmission output shaft 5, and a claw clutch 35 at V.C-F directly connected freeing four position is installed between a housing for such output shaft 5 and the V.C30. And, the output shaft 5 and the housing 32 are made connectable to a rear drive shaft 19 via each pair of reduction gears 22, 23 and 24, 25, and also a claw clutch 40 at V.C-R directly connecting four positions is installed between these gears 23, 25 and the rear drive shaft 19. And, with operation of a select lever 45, those of F directly connected 4WD, FR directly connected 4WD and FR directly connected 4WD positions are all made so as to be securable.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

(Industrial Application Field) The present invention relates to a four-wheel drive device for a vehicle such as an automobile, and more specifically, it is a vertical transaxle type and uses a viscous coupling to selectively obtain various driving modes such as four-wheel drive. Regarding et al.

[Background of the invention 1 4 wheels without center differential! I] The device is generally configured to constantly transmit power to one of the front wheels or rear wheels and to the other through a transfer device, and the transfer device includes a dog clutch, a hydraulic clutch, and an electromagnetic clutch. It is proposed to use Here, dog clutches have advantages and disadvantages, such as not being able to absorb any rotational differences during turning, while hydraulic clutches require control of clutch oil pressure. On the other hand, in recent years, a clutch called a viscous coupling (viscous clutch) has appeared, and it has a sealed structure with multiple wet plates filled with a viscous medium. do. Therefore, such a viscous coupling can be used as a differential lock, and when used in a transfer device of a four-wheel drive system, it automatically enhances the performance of the four-wheel drive according to the rotational difference such as the slit condition of the front and rear wheels. It is possible. Also,
As long as the rotational difference during turning does not become extremely large, internal circulation torque can be absorbed by the slip of the viscous coupling, and this point is attracting attention. [Prior art 1] Therefore, conventionally, regarding the four-wheel drive using the above-mentioned viscous coupling, there is a prior art, for example, in Japanese Utility Model Application Publication No. 59-188731, which transmits power to the rear wheels via a viscous coupling as an FF base. It has been shown that (Problem to be Solved by the Invention 1) By the way, with the configuration of the prior art described above, only the first class driving force with the relationship TF>TR can be obtained in terms of front wheel torque TF and rear wheel torque TR. Therefore, there are problems such as not being able to drive with emphasis on maneuverability and not being able to maximize driving performance such as starting depending on the loaded state.The present invention was made in view of these points. It is possible to freely select multiple four-wheel drive driving modes using a viscous coupling to fully demonstrate various performances1.
The purpose is to provide a 1/4/4 wheel drive system. [Means for resolving the problem 1] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention connects a viscous coupling to the output side of the transmission in a transfer device disposed at the rear of a vertical transaxle type transmission. , the transmission output side and the viscous coupling are V,
Transmission is configured to the front wheel side via a 4-position l1f1 mating clutch for C-F direct connection-free drive, and at the same time 4-position for V and C-R direct connection.
Transmission is configured to the rear wheel side via a dog clutch at the position, and one operating system is connected to the two dog clutches mentioned above, and there are three types of front wheel direct connection with viscous coupling, front wheel direct connection with viscous coupling, and rear wheel direct connection. It is configured to obtain four-wheel drive and FR two-wheel drive driving modes. [Function] Based on the above configuration, two dog clutches are switched simultaneously by one operating system, and the front wheel is directly connected via the rear viscous coupling, the rear wheel is directly connected via the front viscous coupling, #the rear wheel is directly connected, or FR2 is connected. It will now be selected for each wheel drive driving mode. In this way, according to the present invention, it is possible to fully utilize the characteristics of the viscous coupling depending on the driving conditions, loading conditions, etc., or to drive with optimal four-wheel drive directly connected to the front and rear wheels, or two-wheel drive with FR. [Embodiment] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the drawings. To explain the transmission system of the four-wheel drive device according to the present invention with reference to the drawings, an engine 1, a clutch 2, and a transmission 4 are arranged at every other position in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body, and a front differential is located at the bottom between the clutch 2 and the transmission 4. The device 16 is assembled and installed inside the transmission case to form a transaxle type. The transmission 4 is of a constant mesh type, with an output shaft 5 disposed parallel to the input shaft 3, and four sets of mutually meshing gears, for example, 1st to 4th speed, arranged on both shafts 3°5. gears 6 to 9 are provided, and a synchronous machine M41 between gears 6 and 7 is provided.
0. By selectively operating the synchronizing mechanism 11 between the gears 178 and 9, each forward gear stage from the first speed to the fourth speed is obtained. In addition, by aligning the gear 13 on the sleeve side of the synchronizing mechanism 10 with the gear 12 for the reverse gear, which is a gear provided on the input shaft 3, via an idler gear (not shown), the reverse gear can be shifted. The output shaft 5 is a hollow shaft, into which the front drive shaft 14 is inserted, and the drive pinion 15 formed at the front end of the front drive shaft 14 meshes with the crown gear 17 of the front differential device 1G. In addition, in the transfer cap 18 disposed at the rear of the transmission 1314, the output shaft 5 and the front drive shaft 14 inside are arranged coaxially, and the upper part of these 1 drive @ 19 are arranged in parallel. And rear drive 0
I119 further includes a propeller shaft 20. Transmission is configured to the rear wheels via the rear differential device 21. A viscous coupling 30 is connected to the transmission output shaft 5, and this viscous coupling 30 has an integral plate 33, 34 on either side between the hub 31 coupled to the output @5 and the housing 32. They are arranged alternately and filled with a highly viscous liquid, and have a characteristic of increasing the transmission torque according to the rotational difference between the hub 31 and the housing 32. Such output shaft 5° viscous coupling 3
Between the housing 32 and the front drive shaft 14, a four-position dog clutch 35 for V, C-F direct connection and free is provided. Also, the output shaft 5. The housing 32 of the viscous coupling 30 outputs an output to the rear drive shaft 19 side through a pair of gears 22, 23 and 24.25, respectively, and connects these gears 23.25 and the rear drive @1.
Between 9 and 9, there is a 4-way dog clutch 4 for direct connection between V and C-R.
0 is set. In the dog clutch 35, a sleeve 37 is always engaged with the hub 36 of the front drive shaft 14.
ta37a is attached to the spline 5a of the output shaft 5 in the 2nd position,
Spline 32 of housing 32 when WJ37b is in 1 position
It selectively engages with a, and in the remaining one position, it does not engage with any of the other positions and becomes free. In the dog clutch 40, the sleeve 42 is always engaged with the hub 41 of the rear drive shaft 19, and the teeth 42a of the sleeve 42 are in the 1st position and the splines 25a of the gear 25, and the teeth 42b are in the 3rd position and the splines 23a of the gear 23. i: Selective meshing. In the operating system, one rail 46 from the select lever 45 connects to the sleeve 3 of the dog clutch 35, 40.
7. Connect to 42. The select lever 45 is located in the F direct 4WD position and the FR direct 4WD position from the front. This is a pattern in which R direct-connected 4WD positions and FR positions are arranged linearly. Next, the operation of the four-wheeled portion #J' device configured as described above will be explained. First, when the vehicle is running, the synchronizing mechanism 10.11 etc. is operated during the shift g14, so that the output shaft 5 is set to 4 forward gears by gears 6 to 9 and 12.13 etc.
Outputs gear shifting power for 1 reverse gear. The power of this output shaft 5 is transferred to the hub 31 of the viscous coupling 30 in the transfer 'R device 18. I am inputting it into Gif 22°23. Therefore, when the select lever 45 is operated to the F direct connection 4WD position, the rail 46 moves backward as shown in the figure, and the teeth 37a of the sleeve 37 mesh with the spline 5a of the output shaft 5, causing the output shaft 5 and the front drive shaft 14 are directly connected to directly transmit power to the front wheels. On the other hand, in the dog clutch 40, the teeth 42a of the sleeve 42 are connected to the gear 25.
By meshing with the spline 25a of the output shaft 5, the power of the output shaft 5 is transmitted via the viscous coupling 30 to the gears 24, 25, .
dog clutch 40. The signal is transmitted to the rear wheels after the rear drive shaft 19, and thus becomes a four-wheel drive driving mode via the front wheel direct connection and the rear wheel viscous coupling. In this driving mode, when the difference in rotation between the front and rear wheels is small, the torque transmitted by the viscous coupling 30 is small, resulting in FF-like driving. On the other hand, when the difference in rotation between the front and rear wheels increases due to slipping of the front wheels, the torque transmitted by the viscous coupling 30 increases rapidly, thereby enhancing the four-wheel drive performance. Also, in this case, TF>TR in front axle torque TF and towing faxle torque TR.
Therefore, it becomes a running wide field of view. Next, when the select lever 45 is operated to the FR direct connection 4WD position, the dog clutch 35 maintains the F direct connection switching state, but the dog clutch 40 is moved to the FR direct connection 4WD position.
meshes with the spline 23a of the gear 23 and switches to the R direct connection side. Therefore, when the power is directly transmitted to the front wheels, the transmission output is from the output shaft 5 to the gear V22°23 and the dog clutch 40. It is also directly transmitted to the rear wheels after the rear drive shaft 19,
It has four-wheel drive with front and rear wheels directly connected. Therefore, in this driving mode, the vehicle is always in four-wheel drive to maximize performance when starting off or on rough roads. Furthermore, when the select 1 collar 45 is operated to the rear R direct connection 4WD position, the dog clutch 40 maintains the R direct connection switching state, but the dog clutch 35
37b meshes once with the spline 32a of the housing 32 and switches to the viscous coupling 30 side. Therefore, the transmission output is viscous coupling 30° dog clutch 35. Transmitted to the front wheels via the front drive shaft 14, and directly connected to the rear wheels via the front wheel viscous coupling.
Wheel drive roars. Therefore, in this driving mode, the driving is FR-like, and TF<
TF puts emphasis on maneuverability. When the rear wheel radius decreases due to rear wheel slip or an increase in rear wheel load, and the rotation difference between the front and rear wheels increases, the torque transmitted to the front wheels by the viscous coupling 30 increases, strengthening the four-wheel drive performance. do. Further, when the select lever 45 is operated to the FR position, the dog clutch 40 maintains the R direct connection switching state and directly transmits power to the rear wheels. On the other hand, the dog clutch 35 becomes free without engaging either m37a or m37b of the sleeve 37, and therefore the front wheels are disengaged, resulting in an FR two-wheel drive driving mode. Therefore, in this running fj mode, it is similar to a normal FR vehicle, and tight corner braking does not occur at all. Note that the operation system can also be configured to be operated by a button switch using an actuator such as a pneumatic pressure or a motor. [Effect of the Invention 1] As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to arbitrarily select the driving mode in which the front wheels with the viscous coupling or the rear wheels are directly connected, so that the characteristics of the viscous coupling can be fully utilized. . In addition, it is possible to drive safely and with good power performance in consideration of stability, maneuverability, loading conditions, etc., which is advantageous in terms of tire wear and fuel efficiency. With four types of driving modes, including FR two-wheel drive, you can select and obtain the optimal driving mode according to various conditions and preferences. Since two dog clutches are switched by one rail,
It has good operability and a simple structure. The four positions are arranged linearly in the front-back direction in a substantially direct connection state, making it easy to operate.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

The drawing is a skeleton diagram showing an embodiment of the one-wheel drive device of the present invention. 4...-Transmission, 5... Output shaft, 16... Front differential device, 18... Transf 1 device, 21... Rear differential device, 30... Viscous coupling, 35...
...V, C-F1a connection-free 4-position dog clutch, 40...V. 4-position dog clutch for direct connection from C to R, 46...operation rail.

Claims (1)

[Claims] In a transfer device disposed at the rear of a vertical transaxle type transmission, a viscous coupling V. Connect V.C, and connect their transmission output side and viscous coupling to V.C. C
-F direct connection - Transmission is configured to the front wheel side via a 4-position dog clutch for free, and at the same time V. Transmission is configured to the rear wheel via a 4-position dog clutch for C-R direct connection, and one operating system is connected to the two dog clutches mentioned above, with front wheel direct connection and rear wheel direct connection with viscous coupling, front and rear wheels. A four-wheel drive system that provides three types of driving modes: direct-coupled four-wheel drive and FR two-wheel drive.