JPS6216440B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an automatic accompaniment device that performs automatic accompaniment according to a chord progression preset in a storage means.

Conventional automatic accompaniment devices for electronic musical instruments preset chord progressions in a storage means, and when playing, sequentially read out chords from the storage means and add a predetermined rhythm to the read chords to perform automatic accompaniment. Ta. Therefore, if the fermata symbol (〓) appears while playing an electronic musical instrument, automatic accompaniment will not be stopped unless the manual switch is turned off, and automatic accompaniment will not be restarted unless the manual switch is turned on again. It was inconvenient for playing.

This invention was made in consideration of the above circumstances, and its purpose is to preset the fermata position in a storage means along with the chord progression, and when performing automatic accompaniment of an electronic musical instrument, to perform automatic accompaniment of an electronic musical instrument. To provide an automatic accompaniment device which reads out the fermata position from a storage means, automatically stops automatic accompaniment at the fermata position, and automatically starts the automatic accompaniment when the next key is pressed.

Hereinafter, one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of the automatic accompaniment device of this embodiment. It is assumed that this automatic accompaniment device is constructed integrally with, for example, the body of an electronic organ. 1 in the figure is an automatic accompaniment control device, and chord progressions are stored under the control of this automatic accompaniment control device 1.
An arbitrary chord progression is preset in the RAM (Random Access Memory, hereinafter referred to as RAM) 2 before the performance starts, for example, by a predetermined input operation using a predetermined key of an electronic organ, and after the performance starts. The preset chord progression is automatically read out from the RAM ₂ under the control of the automatic accompaniment control device 1, and each read chord is sent via a latch 3 to a musical tone generator (not shown) of the electronic organ. As a result, each chord is created and emitted from an acoustic section (not shown), and is automatically played. Note that the code input may be performed using a push button device or the like provided corresponding to each code. Furthermore, a rhythm pattern ROM is a predetermined rhythm pattern that progresses in accordance with the above chord progression state.
(read-only memory, hereinafter abbreviated as ROM) 4, and under the control of the automatic accompaniment control device 1, the ROM ₄ is sequentially addressed by the ROM address section 5 according to the chord progression described above.
A rhythm pattern is read from the ROM ₄ and provided to the rhythm sound source 6. A predetermined rhythm is generated from this rhythm sound source 6 and sent to the audio section. Therefore, automatic accompaniment is performed by adding the above-mentioned rhythm to each of the above-mentioned chords.

The automatic accompaniment control device 1 is comprised of a control section 7, an arithmetic unit (ALU) 8, a register section 9, a down counter 10, and an address counter 11, as shown in the figure. The control section 7 is a device that stores a microprogram for controlling the operation of this automatic accompaniment device and generates various microcommands. Therefore, the above
When presetting a performer code in RAM ₂ , a key operation signal (keyboard input) input from the keyboard by the above-mentioned predetermined input operation is given to the control unit 7, and as a result, RAM ₂ is Under the control of section 7, codes output from arithmetic section 8 are sequentially written while being sequentially addressed by address counter 11. In this case, a read/write signal R/W of a write command is outputted from the control section 7 and applied to the RAM ₂ . On the other hand, when reading the above chords from RAM ₂ after the automatic accompaniment starts, RAM ₂ is sequentially addressed by address counter 11 under the control of control section 7, and the read chords are latched in latch 3. , is sent to the musical tone generator. In this case, a read/write signal R/W of a read command is outputted from the control section 7 and given to the RAM ₂ . Further, a set signal is outputted from the control section 7 and applied to the latch 3 every time a code is input. Furthermore, in the address counter 11, at the beginning of a code write operation or a read operation to the RAM ₂ , a reset signal outputted from the control section 7 is first applied to its reset input terminal to reset its contents, and then a +1 signal is sequentially sent to the control section. 7 and is applied to the +1 input terminal, so that its contents are incremented by 1.

The calculation unit 8 is a circuit that executes calculations for executing various control operations of the automatic accompaniment control device 1. In this case, the calculation unit 8 is a circuit that executes calculations for executing various control operations of the automatic accompaniment control device ₁ . The input data is given to the calculation unit 8, and a predetermined calculation is executed on the input data according to a command from the control unit 7. The operation result data is sent to the register section 9 and stored therein, or is given to the control section 7 to cause the control section 7 to output the next execution instruction.

Register section 9 includes TC register, K register, and F register.
(i) (i=0 to 7) Consists of registers and the like. The TC register is set when the fermata symbol is read from RAM ₂ during automatic accompaniment execution.
This is a register to which data based on F(k) representing the type of note with the fermata symbol is transferred and stored, and the data stored in this TC register is stored, for example, every time the length of an eighth note elapses. -1, and the value becomes "0".A sound stop command is output from the control section 7, and the automatic accompaniment is completely stopped, and the stopped state continues until the next key operation. The K register is a register that stores time data K expressed by a unit time obtained by dividing one measure into 8 by the length of an eighth note, and its contents are incremented by 1 according to the chord progression. The value changes from 0 to 8. That is, when the content of the K register becomes ``0'', chord performance based on the designated chord of each measure starts, and when the content reaches ``8'', the chord performance of each measure ends.

The F(i) (i=0 to 7) register is a register indicating the type of note to which the fermata mark is attached and the position of the note within the measure. That is, in Figure 4, as mentioned above, the fermata symbol placement positions are diagrammed by dividing one measure into eight according to the length of the eighth note (〓), and each fermata symbol placement position is represented by 6-bit data. Each is shown in code. In Koma, the fermata position located at the length of the first eighth note of each measure is represented by the code "000000", and the F ₍ o) register of the F (i ₎ register corresponds to this fermata position. It is attached. Similarly, 2 of each measure
~The fermata position located at the length of each eighth eighth note has the code "001000" ~
It is represented by "111000" and is associated with registers F ₍₁₎ to _{F (7)} , respectively. still,
The lower three bits of the above code "000000" to "111000" are both "000", and the upper three bits are data from "000" to "111".

On the other hand, Figure 5 shows the coded types of notes with fermata symbols, and the codes for each note from eighth note (〓) to whole note (〓) have contents "1" to " Data F(k) up to 8'' are associated with each other. This content is then written to any of the F ₍₀₎ registers to _{F (7)} registers depending on the designated value of K. Furthermore, F(k)=
"0" indicates each note to which no fermata symbol is attached.

When the down counter 10 is preset by receiving unit time data represented by the length of the eighth note described above from the control section 7, it then executes a down counting operation. When a borrow occurs, the unit time has elapsed, and the borrow signal is given to the control section 7, thereby controlling the time of each bar. Incidentally, the above unit time data is preset in the control section 7 by manual operation of a switch or the like.

FIG. 2A shows an example of a performance piece preset in the RAM ₂ , and FIG. 2B shows the storage state of the RAM ₂ in which the chord progression of the performance piece is stored. In this case, the type of chord for each note, namely major (maj), minor (min), seventh (7th), and diminutive (dim), is encoded and represented by 6-bit data as shown in Figure 3. ing. In the musical piece shown in FIG. 2A, the chords Dmin, Dmin, A ₇ th, and Dmin are added to the entire measure in measures 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Also, the 5th measure has a Gmin chord, but the 4th 4th
A fermata symbol is attached to the diacritic note. Furthermore, in the 6th measure, the chord A ₇ th is added, but a fermata symbol is added to the first dotted half note. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2B, the chord progression of the above-mentioned performance piece is stored in the RAM ₂ . In other words, at address 0 there is data (code) indicating the chord Dmin that is applied to the entire measure.
"010011" is stored. Also, at addresses 1, 2, and 3, the chords Dmin, A ₇ th,
Dmin data (code) “010011”,
"101011" and "010011" are stored. 4 more
At addresses 6 to 6, the data of the 5th bar is stored over three addresses. That is, first, data "110000" indicating the fermata position is stored at address 4. This is because the fermata position of the fifth measure corresponds to the position of the seventh eighth note, as shown in FIG. Further, at address 5, the type of note with the fermata symbol, ie, the note length of a quarter note, is stored as data ``101110'' as shown in FIG. Next, at number 6 is the type of chord, i.e.
Data "011001" indicating the Dmin code is stored. Similarly, at addresses 7 to 9, data for the 6th measure is stored in three addresses in the order of each data indicating the fermata position, note length, and chord type.

Next, the operation of automatically accompaniing the song shown in FIG. 2A according to the chord progression described above will be explained.
The musical piece (melody) is played by a performer using an electronic organ, and the automatic accompaniment device according to the present invention provides automatic accompaniment along with the performance.

When the performance starts, for example, the process shown in the flowchart in Fig. 6 starts with the key operation for the first note (dotted half note) of the first measure with the key of pitch F ₄ (“hua” of the fourth octave). is started.
That is, first, the rhythm address setting process of step _S1 is executed. In this case, address data with predetermined contents is output from the control section 7 and given to the ROM address section 5, thereby specifying the starting address of a predetermined area of the ROM ₄ . After this, the contents of the ROM address section 5 are sequentially updated under the control of the control section 7, whereby data indicating a predetermined rhythm pattern is read from the ROM ₄ and given to the rhythm sound source 6, and the above-mentioned performance piece is output from the sound section. It is played along with the melody. Next, the contents of the address counter 11 are cleared by the process of step _S2 , and address 0 of the RAM ₂ is thereby designated as an address.
Note that during this automatic accompaniment, the control section 7 outputs a read/write signal R/W of a read command to the RAM ₂ . Next, the contents of the F ₍₀₎ to F ₍₇₎ registers and the K register are cleared by each process in steps S ₃ and S ₄ , and as a result, F(k) is stored in the F ₍₀₎ to F ₍₇₎ registers. )=“0” data is written. Next, in step _S5 , it is determined whether the data "010011" (FIG. 2B) read from address 0 of RAM ₂ is an end code, for example "111111". Furthermore, this end code "111111" is
This is stored as the final data in RAM ₂ , and automatic accompaniment ends when this end code is detected. Further, the above judgment process is executed by the calculation process of the calculation unit 8. Since this is not the end code, the judgment process in step _S6 is executed next.
It is determined whether the data "010011" at address 0 is a fermata code. In this case, the lower 3 bits of the data “010011” at address 0 above are “011”.
A process of determining whether or not is equal to data "000" is executed. As a result, it is determined that it is not a fermata chord, and then the chord latch process of step _S7 is executed, and in this case, the chord Dmin code "010011" is applied to latch 3 and latched. As a result, the musical sound generating section creates the chord Dmin, and the acoustic section emits the melody of the above-mentioned performance song, the above-mentioned rhythm, and the chord of Dmin during the first bar, which is then emitted. Automatic accompaniment is provided. Another step
Through the process of _S8 , a unit time of a predetermined value outputted from the control section 7 is set for the down counter 10, so that the down counter 10 thereafter performs a down counting operation. Then, when a unit time equal to the length of an eighth note has elapsed and a borrow occurs from the down counter 10, it is determined in step _S10 whether the contents of the F ₍₀₎ register are "0" or not. In this case, by processing S ₃ above, F ₍₀₎
Since the register remains cleared, F ₍₀₎
= "0", that is, it is determined that the fermata symbol is not attached to the first dotted half note. As a result, the process of step _S11 is started, and the contents of the K register are incremented by 1 to become "1". Next, the content of the K register is set to ``8'' by the processing in step _S12 .
In other words, it is determined whether or not the first measure has ended. In this case, since the process has not finished yet, the process in step _S8 is restarted. In process _S8 , the down counter 10 is again preset to a predetermined value of unit time. Next, the processing of steps ₈ to _S12 is repeated seven times until the content of K becomes "8", that is, until the first measure ends, and when the content of K becomes "8", the processing of step _S13 starts. The contents of address counter 11 are incremented by 1 to become “1”, and RAM2
address is specified. In this way, while the melody of the first measure of the song is being played manually by the performer's key operations, the predetermined rhythm and
Automatic accompaniment with the Dmin chord is performed, and the sound is emitted from the acoustic section.

When address 1 of RAM2 is designated by the process of _S13 above, the steps _S3 and _S4 described above for the second measure are performed.
Each process is executed, and then the process of step _S5 is executed on the data "010011" read from address 1. The data at address 1 is the same as the data at address 0 described above, and therefore, after each process of steps S ₆ and S ₇ described above is executed, each process of steps S ₈ to _{S 12} is repeated eight times. During this time, automatic accompaniment based on the rhythm and chord Dmin is performed for the melody of the second bar that is played manually. After the end of the second measure, the content of the address counter 11 becomes "2" through the process of step _S13 .
Address 2 of RAM2 is specified.

The automatic accompaniment operation for the 3rd and 4th measures is the same as described above and for the 2nd measure, and as a result,
Automatic accompaniment using the above rhythm and chords A ₇ th and Dmin is performed for the manual performance of the third and fourth measures, respectively. And when the fourth measure ends, S ₁₃
As a result of the process, the content of the address counter 11 becomes "4", address 4 of the RAM 2 is designated, and the process for the fifth bar is started.

In the 5th measure, after executing steps S ₃ , S ₄ , and S ₅ , the fermata code is detected from the data "110000" in address 4 through the processing of step S ₆ , and the processing of routine S ₁₄ is started. be done. In the processing of routine _S14 , first, the contents of the address counter 11 are incremented by 1 to become "5", address 5 of RAM2 is addressed, data "101110" is read from address 5, and this data "101110" is Accordingly, F ₍₆₎ of F(i) registers
Data "0010" is written only to the register as shown in FIG. 7A. As a result, data of "2" (=0010) for the note length of the note to which the fermata symbol is attached in the fifth measure, that is, a quarter note, is written in the F ₍₆₎ register. Next, in step _S15 , the address counter 11 is incremented by 1 and becomes "6", and address 6 of the RAM 2 is designated. Next, RAM2 6
Based on the data "011001" read from the address, the process in step _S6 is executed, and as a result, it is determined that the data "011001" is not a fermata code, and the process in step _S7 returns the data "011001". is latched to latch 3. Therefore, at the start of the fifth measure, automatic accompaniment using the chord Gmin and the above-mentioned rhythm is started. Next, after the first processing of steps S ₈ and S ₉ described above, the processing of step S ₁₀ is executed. In this step _S10 ,
It is determined whether the contents of the F ₍₀₎ register are "0" or not. Now F ₍₀₎ = “0”, so next step S ₁₁
The processing of step S12 is started, the contents of the K register is incremented by 1 and becomes "1", and then after the processing of step _S12 ,
Step _S8 is started. In this way F ₍₁₎
~F ₍₅₎ Since the contents of the registers are both "0", each process of steps _S8 to _S12 is repeated five more times, and as a result, the third note (4
Automatic accompaniment up to the diacritic note is performed in the same way. At this time, the content of the K register is "6". Next, the process of step _S8 is started for the seventh time, and after the process of step _S9 is executed, the process of step _S10 is started. In this case, the data in the F ₍₆₎ register is "2". , is not "0", so the process of step _S16 is started next. and,
Through the processing in step _S16 , the data of F ₍₆₎ = "2" is transferred to the TC register and stored. Next, the contents of the K register are changed to + by the processing in step _S17 .
The value is incremented by 1 to become "7", and then the contents of the TC register are incremented by 1 to become "1" in step _S18 . Then, the process of step _S19 is started, and it is determined whether the data in the TC register is "0" or not.Since it is not "0" in this case, each process of steps _S20 and _S21 is performed once. executed. The processing in steps S ₂₀ and S ₂₁ is the same as the processing in steps S ₈ and S ₉ described above. Next, the process at step _S17 is restarted, and the content of the K register becomes "8". Further, the contents of the TC register become "0" through the process of step _S18 , and as a result, data "0" in the TC register is detected through the process of step _S19 , and the process of routine _S22 is started. In the process of this routine _S22 , until the next key operation, that is,
Until the key operation for the first note (dotted half note) of the 6th measure is executed, the control unit 7 outputs a command to stop sounding, and as a result, the automatic accompaniment can be played for any time desired by the performer. remains completely stopped. Then, when the key operation for the first note of the 6th measure starts, the control section 7 detects it, cancels the above-mentioned sound generation stop command and stops outputting it, and at the same time starts the process of step _S12 . Next, in the process of _S13 , the content of the address counter becomes "7" and address 7 of RAM2 is designated.

When address 7 of RAM 2 is addressed, automatic accompaniment operation for the 6th measure starts, and after executing steps S ₃ and S ₄ , steps S ₅ and S are performed for data “000000” read from address 7. ₆ , each process of routine _S14 is executed. Then, based on the data "101111" read from address 8 of RAM2 during the processing of routine _S14 , data "6" = (0110) is written only to the F ₍₀₎ register as shown in FIG. 7B, and F _{( 0)} = "6" is stored. Next, in the process of step _S15 , the contents of the address counter 11 are incremented by 1 to designate address 9 of RAM2, and then, in the process of step _S6 , it is determined that the data "101011" in this address 9 is not a fermata code. . Then, the above data "101011" is latched to latch 3 by the processing in step _S7 , and this causes a chord to be generated for the manual performance of the 6th measure.
Automatic accompaniment starts with A ₇ th and the above rhythm. Next, after each process in steps S ₈ and S ₉ is executed, it is determined in the process in step S ₁₀ that data "6" in the F ₍₀₎ register is not "0", and then in the process in step S ₁₆ TC is F ₍₀₎ = “6” in register
data is set. Then step S ₁₇ ,
Through each process in _S18 , each data in the K register and TC register is set to "1" and "5", respectively. Next, after each process in steps _S19 to _S21 is executed, step _S17
processing will be resumed. Below, the processing of S ₁₇ to S ₂₁ is
This is repeated five times until the contents of the TC register become "0". Also, as a result, the contents of the K register become "6". Next, the process of routine _S22 is executed, and the control section 7 outputs a sound generation stop command. As a result, from this point on, the automatic accompaniment based on the chord A ₇ th and the rhythm is stopped, and the fermata is executed.

In the case of the above music, there was one fermata symbol per bar, but next we will explain the case where there are a plurality of fermata symbols in one bar. 8th
The figure is a diagram illustrating the storage state in the RAM 2 when there are two fermata symbols in one bar.
That is, FIG. 8A shows an example of a piece of music, and as shown in the figure, the fermata symbol is explained using the F _{( i)} register shown in FIG. It is attached to quarter notes and half notes respectively. Also, the chord Gmaj is applied to the entire measure. In the case of this song, data is written into the RAM 2 as shown in FIG. 8B. That is, the data "000000" (see Figure 4), which gives the fermata position for the first quarter note, is written to the starting address for this measure in RAM2.
Further, data "101110" (see FIG. 5) indicating the note length is written at the next address. Furthermore, data "100000" (see Figure 4) indicating the position of the second fermata, that is, the position of the fermata attached to the half note, is written to the next address, and the length of that note is written to the next address. Data ``011111'' indicating ``011111'' is written. Then, data "000001" (see FIG. 3) indicating the chord Gmaj is written at the last address for this measure.

Even if there are three or more fermata symbols in one measure, data is written to RAM2 in the same way, starting with the data indicating the fermata position for the first fermata symbol, then the data indicating the note length, and then the second, Third, data indicating the fermata position and note length for each fermata symbol are written alternately. Finally, data indicating the chord of that measure is written.

Further, although the present invention was applied to an electronic organ in the above embodiment, it can also be applied to other electronic musical instruments. Furthermore, in the above example, one measure is 8 notes based on the eighth note.
By dividing, the fermata position is indicated and the unit time for controlling the automatic accompaniment operation is obtained, but it is of course possible to use any other note as the reference. In addition, in the above embodiment, the rhythm sound is output along with the chord progression, but it is also possible to output only the chord.

As explained above, the present invention is an automatic accompaniment device that performs automatic accompaniment according to a chord progression preset in a storage means, in which a fermata position is preset in the storage means together with the chord progression, and when performing automatic accompaniment. The fermata position is read from the storage means according to the chord progression, and when data indicating the fermata position is read out and detected, the automatic accompaniment is automatically stopped at the fermata position, and Since we have provided an automatic accompaniment device that automatically restarts automatic accompaniment when a key operation is started, stopping and starting automatic accompaniment was conventionally controlled by manual operation such as a manual switch at the fermata position. This has the advantage that the performance can be performed extremely smoothly.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a circuit configuration diagram of an automatic accompaniment device according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a data storage state diagram of a RAM 2 that stores data regarding an example of a performance song, a chord progression for the performance song, and a fermata.
Figure 3 is a diagram showing the correspondence between four types of chords for each scale and their chords, Figure 4 is a diagram showing the correspondence between fermata positions and data representing those positions, and Figure 5 is a diagram showing each note and its corresponding relationship. FIG. 6 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of this embodiment, and FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the correspondence between chords and F(k). FIG. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of a piece of music performed when there are two fermata symbols in one bar, and a data storage state in the RAM 2, respectively. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Automatic accompaniment control device, 2... Chord (chord) progression memory RAM, 3... Latch, 4... Rhythm pattern ROM, 5... ROM address section, 6...
... Rhythm sound source, 7 ... Control section, 8 ... Calculation section, 9
...Register section, 10...Down counter, 11
...address counter.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. An automatic accompaniment device that performs automatic accompaniment according to a preset chord progression, comprising: a storage means that stores in advance a fermata position during the chord progression; Therefore, there is a detection means for detecting the fermata position read from the storage means, and when the fermata position is detected by the detection means, the automatic accompaniment is stopped and the automatic accompaniment is started according to the next key press operation on the keyboard. An automatic accompaniment device comprising: a control means for restarting the automatic accompaniment device.