JPS62146983A - Coal-base carbonaceous material for conditioning microorganism - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain the titled material which has a volatile content, a fixed carbon content, etc. in specified ranges, has a pore structure suitable for the growth of a microorganism, and is suitable as a carrier for growing various microorganisms, by low-temperature carbonization of a coal of a low ash content. CONSTITUTION:A coal of a low ash content is ground to a particle size of 10mm or less and is then subjected to rapid carbonization at a low temperature of about 400-750 deg.C for 5-30min, giving an objective coal-base carbonaceous material for conditioning a microorganism which has a volatile content, based on a dry ash content, of 7-25%, a fixed carbon content of 75-93%, a bulk density of 0.1-0.8g/ml, and a specific surface area of 100-300m<2>/g. The material thus obtained has a great effect particularly on the multiplication of microorganisms useful for the growth of a plant. By mixing this carbonaceous material with a soil, the soil environment can be improved, and the growth of various agricultural products, various horticultural plants, etc. can be promoted.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Field of Application] The present invention relates to a coal-based carbonaceous material suitable for the growth of microorganisms and for controlling microorganisms. More specifically, the present invention relates to a coal-based carbonaceous material for regulating microorganisms that improves the soil environment to promote plant growth and has excellent performance as a supporting material for growing various useful microorganisms.

[Conventional technology]

In recent years, the role of microorganisms has come to be regarded as important in many fields such as agriculture, forestry, horticulture, food, medicine, and the chemical industry. In the field of plants, most leguminous plants form nodules on their roots, and fix atmospheric nitrogen through the action of rhizobia and Rhizobium, as well as zygomycetes and Endo fungi.
VA mycorrhizae are created by symbiotically forming fungi of the gonaceae family on the roots, which absorb nutrients such as phosphoric acid and water. Many plants, including crops other than those in the leguminous family, also form VA mycorrhizae and absorb nutrients through this function, and it is also known that the attachment of these mycorrhizae increases resistance to pests and diseases. . Furthermore, even for plants that do not have mycorrhizae, there are cases where the growth of plants is promoted by improving the soil environment through the propagation of various microorganisms.

Conventionally, for the proliferation of microorganisms useful for the growth of these plants,
It is known that the application of charcoal such as coal, bark charcoal, sawdust charcoal, and coconut shell charcoal is effective (e.g.,
1871. ．． No. 14, JP-A No. 60-49717, etc.)
In particular, carbon-based materials for lawns and gardening that are mainly composed of charcoal are commercially available. However, the raw material quality of these charcoals generally varies widely, making it difficult to obtain stable quality ones, and in the case of charcoal, the pores that serve as habitats for microorganisms are the conduits in the wood structure of the raw material. It is difficult to adjust the pore structure suitable for specific microorganisms.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a novel coal-based carbonaceous material suitable for the growth of various microorganisms, which has an extremely large effect on the growth of microorganisms that are particularly useful for the growth of plants, and has stable quality. It is something.

[Means to solve the problem]

The carbon material of the present invention is obtained by low-temperature carbonization of low-ash coal, has a volatile content of 7 to 25%, a fixed carbon content of 75 to 93% on an anhydrous and ash-free basis, and has a bulk density of 0. .1~0
．． 8? It is a coal-based carbonaceous material for controlling microorganisms and has a specific surface area of 100 to 300 m2/ml.

The raw material for producing the coal-based carbonaceous material of the present invention has a low ash content, preferably an ash content of 10% or less, and a volatile content that yields semi-coke with an isotropic structure by carbonization. More than 30% coal is used on a dry and ash-free basis. If the ash content is too high, it becomes difficult to maintain proper physical properties and shape of the charcoal material, and depending on the ingredients, it becomes necessary to adjust the fertilizer components when applying the charcoal material, which is not preferable. Further, it is generally preferable that the carbon arrangement of the carbonaceous material is isotropic because it is easier to adjust the pores and expand the specific surface area, and the affinity for microorganisms is improved. If the volatile content of raw coal is less than 30% on an anhydrous and ash-free basis, it will be difficult to develop an appropriate pore structure, and a carbonaceous material favorable for the growth of microorganisms will not be obtained.

The coal-based carbonaceous material of the present invention is produced by the following method.

After the raw material coal is pulverized to a particle size of 10 mm or less, it is rapidly carbonized at a carbonization temperature of 400 to 750°C and a carbonization time of 5 to 30 minutes. This results in a volatile content of 7-25% on an anhydrous and ash-free basis.
, the fixed carbon content is 75 to 93%, and the bulk density is 0.1 to 0.81 i'/- and 100 to 300 m2/
A semiformed coke with a specific surface area of 1 is obtained. The carbonization temperature and carbonization time may be determined as appropriate within the above range depending on the properties of the raw material coal and the desired product carbonaceous material, but if the carbonization temperature is too high, the carbon arrangement of the carbonaceous material tends to be mainly anisotropic. This is not preferred because the specific surface area decreases. It is preferable that the carbonization time is 30 minutes or less and carbonization is carried out rapidly. If the heating time exceeds 30 minutes, the pores will decrease, making it impossible to obtain a proper pore structure, and fusion between coal particles will occur, which is undesirable.

The obtained semi-formed coke has excellent performance as a carbon material for controlling microorganisms, and can be used as a product as it is or by adjusting the particle size as appropriate. Also, depending on the type of raw material coal, some have a high pH, but if the target microorganisms are sensitive to pi, you can use one that has been washed with water in advance.The particle size of the coal material depends on the target microorganism. Although it differs depending on the type of plant, the form used, etc., when used to promote plant growth, it is preferable to use one with a particle size of 108 or less and a small amount of fine powder.If there is too much fine powder, it is inconvenient to handle, If the diameter is too large, the frequency of contact with the roots will decrease, which will reduce the effect of promoting plant growth, which is not preferable.

[Action and effect]

The carbon material for controlling microorganisms of the present invention is obtained by rapid carbonization of coal with a high volatile content at a relatively low temperature, and has various characteristics.

First, it has a large specific surface area, well-developed pores, and a large internal space, so it has good water retention capacity and air permeability, making it easy to replenish moisture and oxygen even after microorganisms have settled there. Also,
The details of each mechanism of action are not clear, but by carbonizing a specific type of coal under specific conditions, it has many pores with relatively large diameters, and each pore has unique characteristics such as an even larger number of pores on the inner wall. It has a pore structure, and a synergistic effect with the presence of surface functional groups derived from the fact that a relatively large amount of volatile matter still remains creates an environment suitable for the growth of microorganisms. It seems to have an excellent microbial growth effect. One of the characteristics of the carbon material of the present invention is that by combining specific raw materials and heat treatment conditions, carbon materials with pores and pore structures suitable for the growth of various microorganisms can be created. There are things that can be manufactured.

In addition, since the carbonaceous material of the present invention is treated at high temperatures, there is little residual organic matter, making it difficult for bacteria to grow.When applied to plants, when roots enter the pores with relatively large pores, The mycorrhizal fungi that coexist with it preferentially reproduce and exhibit an excellent growth-promoting effect. When used as a culture carrier for other microorganisms, it is possible to culture with less influence of bacteria by supplying nutrients suitable for each microorganism.

Furthermore, the advantages of the charcoal material of the present invention are that raw materials can be stably obtained, the yield of charcoal material production is extremely high compared to charcoal, and a large quantity of products with stable quality can be supplied; It is also effective in preventing soil from solidifying because it is large and can contain a lot of air bubbles and moisture.

The carbonaceous material for adjusting microorganisms of the present invention has the above-mentioned characteristics and is effective in cultivating and multiplying various microorganisms that match these characteristics, and is particularly effective in promoting the growth of various agricultural, forestry, and horticultural plants. demonstrate. That is, by mixing the microorganism-adjusting carbonaceous material of the present invention into soil or each culture medium, the soil environment is improved, and for example, it is possible to improve the soil environment by mixing it with soil or its respective culture medium. The growth of various plants such as agricultural crops, various garden plants, and grass on golf courses is significantly promoted.

The method of applying carbonaceous material is to mix it with soil or culture medium as appropriate (there are no particular restrictions, but when applying it on a large scale, it can be applied by plowing into the surface soil in a full layer or in rows). Appropriate. The application amount varies depending on the properties of the carbonaceous material, the type of plant, application conditions, etc., but usually 2 to 15% by volume is appropriate.

Furthermore, the effect is remarkable when combined with an appropriate amount of organic fertilizer or chemical fertilizer. Furthermore, if the effect of promoting plant growth due to the proliferation of mycorrhizal fungi is expected, it is desirable to inoculate the mycorrhizal fungi in advance or at the time of application.

The charcoal material of the present invention has a pore structure suitable for the growth of hyphae and mycorrhizae of mycorrhizal fungi, and is particularly effective in the early stages of growth, and is useful for growing seedlings of various trees, agricultural and horticultural crops, etc. It is useful for greenhouse or greenhouse cultivation.

〔Example〕

Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to Examples.

Example 1 A cultivation test of tomato and cucumber seedlings was conducted using the charcoal material of the present invention and commercially available horticultural charcoal.

(Test method) Compost was placed in a plastic pot with an internal volume of 300 m2, and after gas sterilization, 22% of chemical fertilizer and 52% of charcoal material (charcoal material A
Since the bulk density was low, 1 g) was added and mixed. After sowing the test crops, each crop was inoculated with 20 spores of mycorrhizal fungi, cultivated in a glass room, and observed. The height of each seedling was measured 30 days after sowing, and the seedlings were taken out from the pot, foreign matter adhering to the roots were washed with water, dried at 60° C., and the whole weight was measured. The following two types of endomycorrhizal fungi were used.

Gigaspora gregaria (Gg)Qi
gaspora margarita (Grll) (
Test carbon material) A Charcoal material of the present invention B 〃 E Commercial product Mainly bark charcoal F 〃 Mainly sawdust charcoal (test results) 30 days after sowing, the height and overall dry weight of the seedlings were measured to determine the growth speed. I looked into it. The results are shown in Table 1 and Figures 1 to 4 (in Table 1, the height is the average value of two seedlings, and the dry weight is the total amount of the two seedlings). It can be seen that the carbonaceous material of the present invention exhibits a remarkable effect on promoting plant growth, especially when coexisting with mycorrhizal fungi, although it varies depending on the combination of inoculated bacteria.

Example 2 Carbon material C with slightly different manufacturing conditions from the carbon material used in Example 1,
A cucumber seedling growing test was conducted using D.

(Test method) Commercially available vegetable cultivation soil (<6iM), charcoal material (8vol1%) and chemical fertilizer (N:P:N = 12:12:12)
.

1 g/pot) was mixed well and placed in plastic pots with an inner diameter of 90 mm at an amount of 300 fnl, and two cucumber seeds were sown in each pot. After germination, mycorrhizal fungi (G
20 spores of i-gaspora margarita) were poured into the roots and inoculated, and the plants were cultivated in a glass room. Four weeks after sowing, the seedlings were taken out of the pots, the fresh weight and dry weight of the above-ground parts were measured, and the effect of applying the carbonaceous material was evaluated based on the difference in growth amount.

(Test carbon material) C Charcoal material of the present invention D 〃 E Commercially available product (Bark charcoal body) F 〃 (Mainly sawdust charcoal) (Test results) Fresh weight and dry weight of above-ground parts of seedlings 4 weeks after sowing The measurement results are shown in Table 2 and Figures 5 and 6.

Although the experiment period was slightly different from the cucumber growth period, the growth of the seedlings was slower than in Example 1, but it can be seen that the carbonaceous material of the present invention is highly effective in promoting cucumber growth.

a) Average value of 4 samples Example 3゜ A grass growth test was conducted using the carbonaceous material of the present invention.

(Test method) Carbonaceous materials C and D of the present invention and commercially available carbonaceous material G were mixed into lawn soil in amounts equivalent to 10 vol 1% of the entire mixture, filled into a Wagner pot (175,000 are), and cut into a hole cutter. The seedlings of Kolarai grass collected in the area were planted.

After 11 days, apply liquid fertilizer (N:P:N = 15:6:6,2
00 times diluted) was given in the amount used on golf course greens, and cultivated. After 52 days, the plants were taken out of the pot, foreign matter attached to the roots was washed with water, and the weights of the above-ground and underground parts were measured, and the effect of applying the charcoal material was evaluated from the difference in growth amount.

(Test carbon material) C Carbon material of the present invention D 〃 G Commercial product (mainly coconut shell charcoal, for golf courses) (Test results) The weight measurement results of the grass 52 days after planting are as shown in Table 3 and Figure 7. Met.

From these results, it can be seen that the carbonaceous material of the present invention promotes the rooting of grass, supports the proliferation of root bacteria, and, as a result, has a great effect on promoting the growth of grass.

Reference Examples Table 4 shows the properties of the carbon materials used in the Examples, Table 5 shows the ash analysis results, and Table 6 outlines the manufacturing conditions for the carbon materials A, B, and C of the present invention.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figures 1 to 7 are graphs showing the amount of growth of seedlings in cucumber, tomato, and Coralai grass seedling growth tests when the charcoal material of the present invention and commercially available charcoal materials were applied, and when no charcoal material was applied. .

Claims (1)

[Claims] Obtained by low-temperature carbonization of low-ash coal, on an anhydrous and ash-free basis, volatile matter is 7-25% and fixed carbon content is 75-93.
%, and the bulk density is 0.1 to 0.8 g/ml.
Coal-based carbonaceous material for microorganism adjustment having a specific surface area of 00 to 300 m^2/g.