JPS62131175A - Heating refrigerating method and device - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a heating and refrigeration method and a VC device, and more specifically, a heating and refrigeration container and a heat generation container are used to store and release hydrogen from metal hydrides. This article focuses on heating and refrigeration methods and devices that utilize heat generation and absorption to obtain high or low temperatures.

[Prior Art] Conventionally, heating and refrigeration methods and devices include a heat source method in which a heating source such as hot water or a cold source such as ice or dry ice is housed in an insulated container, a low temperature storage method using liquefied nitrogen, and a Peltier element. An electric method is known in which a heat insulator is placed in a heat insulating container. The heat source method is extremely inconvenient in that a heat source must be prepared each time it is used. Furthermore, heating sources such as hot water drop in temperature in a short period of time, and cold sources such as ice and dry ice are consumed over time, so they do not exhibit stable heating and refrigeration capabilities. On the other hand, in the low-temperature storage method using liquefied nitrogen, liquefied nitrogen is directly injected from the container through a vibrator into an insulated refrigerated/freezer container from the spray header, maintaining a good low temperature condition. Nitrogen needs to be replenished,
The drawback is that it is difficult to maintain a constant low temperature continuously for a long period of time, and it is also expensive. Furthermore, although electric systems can provide stable heating and refrigeration over long periods of time, they cannot be used in places without a power source.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] Each of the heating and refrigeration devices described above has its own characteristics, but
Generally speaking, the temperature of a heating source such as hot water decreases in a short period of time, causing ice,
Cold heat sources such as dry ice and liquefied nitrogen are consumed over time, so in order to maintain a low temperature continuously,
There are problems in that a heat source must be supplied, the cost is high, and it cannot be used in places without a power source.

[Means for Solving the Problems] An object of the present invention is to provide a method and device that eliminate and solve the various drawbacks and problems of conventional heating and refrigeration methods and devices.

The inventors have discovered that certain alloys quickly absorb hydrogen;
At that time, heat is generated to form a metal hydride, and this metal hydride reversibly releases hydrogen, and a heat-generating container is installed that utilizes the property of absorbing heat. The present inventors have discovered a new heating and refrigeration method and device that can continuously heat or refrigerate over a long period of time without the need for preparation or power supply, and have now completed the present invention.

In the method of the present invention, a first container loaded with a first metal hydride is arranged to exchange heat with a heated and refrigerated container space;
and a second container loaded with a second metal hydride. filling and discharging hydrogen alternately and continuously;
It is characterized by effectively utilizing the reaction heat obtained thereby to obtain high or low temperatures.

In addition, as the first metal hydrogen oxide, Mitshu metal
A nickel-based hydride and a nickel-aluminum-based hydride are used as the second metal hydride, and the heat of reaction obtained by the combination is used to raise the temperature to a high or low temperature. .

Furthermore, in a heat generating container in which one or more pairs of a first container and a second container are connected, the reaction heat between the alloy and hydrogen in the second container can be used to heat the metal hydride in the other second container. The unique feature is that a heat exchange plate is installed and purchased.

The present invention will be described below based on drawings showing examples.

[Example 1] Fig. 1 shows an example of a heating and refrigerating apparatus used directly in carrying out the method of the present invention. The heating and refrigerating device of the present invention consists of an insulated heating and refrigerating container 1 and an insulating heat generating container 2 that fits inside the lower opening of the heating and refrigerating container 1 and can be freely attached and detached.

Inside the heat generating container 2 is a first container loaded with a first metal hydride.
and a second container 5.6 loaded with a second metal hydride, and the heat generating container 2 defines an insulating partition 7 to prevent the reaction of the first containers 3, 4. Heat is the first container 3
, 4 to prevent mutual conduction, so that the reaction heat in one first container 4 can be exchanged with the remaining reaction heat in the other first container 3 with the accommodation space 8 of the heating/refrigerating container 1. In addition, inspection holes 9 and 10 are provided on both the upper and lower sides of the first containers 3 and 4, and the heat generating container 2 is connected to the second containers 5 and 10 with an insulating outer wall 11.
6 to prevent the reaction heat of the second containers 5, 6 from being transmitted to the outside, and a heat transfer plate 12 with good thermal conductivity is interposed between the opposing surfaces of the second containers 5, 6 to The reaction heat from the second container 5 is made to serve as a heat source for causing a reaction in the remaining second container 6.

The first container 3.4 and the second container 5.6 are connected to a communication pipe 1 with filters 13.14 and 15.16 attached at both ends, respectively.
7.18, and the communication pipe 17.18 is provided with a communication valve 19.20 that controls and stops the flow of hydrogen between the first container 3.4 and the second containers 5 and 6. It is. The Noirters 13, 14, 15, 16 are made of porous sintered metal with a pore diameter of 10 μm or less, for example, to prevent metal hydrides from being entrained during hydrogen flow and to prevent clogging of the communication pipes 17, 18.

The first container 3.4 and the second containers 5, 6 are preferably formed from a plurality of cylindrical containers, although they are not limited to the following, and a plurality of sets are arranged in parallel in two stages. Connect the communicating pipes 17 and 18 to each diagonal. Alternatively, a plurality of sets may be arranged in parallel in one stage and connected to one port of each pair through communication pipes 17 and 18.

The heat generating container 2 consisting of the first containers 3, 4 and the second containers 5, 6 can be attached to and detached from the heating and refrigerating container 1 as one set, so that the inspection device 10 faces inside the heating and refrigerating container 2. It can be installed even if it is reversed.

A temperature sensor 21 is disposed inside the insulated heating and refrigerating container 1, and the communication valves 19 and 20 are opened and closed according to the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 21, and the hydrogen passing through the communication valves 19 and 20 is opened and closed. The distribution 4 of is controlled.

"first metal hydride M11" and second metal hydride M2
1", phase U having different equilibrium decomposition pressure characteristics is used. Specifically, as M 1H, LaNi5.1aN
i5ZAρZ, MmNi5. MmNi5-zAρz,M
mx7iyNi5. MIIIXZryNi5. MmxN
byN15 (however, 0.75 (x <1.2.0<
y<0.25.0<z≦0.5) and LaNi5-ZAll as M2H.

MmNi5-ZANZ, MmXTiVNi5-zAff
z, Mmx7ryNi5-zAρl.

MmXNbl/N15-ZAρZ (However, 0゜75
<X <1. 2.0 <V <0. 25
．． A combination with a hydride such as 0<Z≦0.5) is used.

Function 1 When the device △ of the present invention is used as a cooling device, etc.,
As shown in FIG. 2, the first containers 3 and 4 have TH=20
M 1 t-1, which has a high equilibrium decomposition pressure at TH=20°C, is filled in a high-pressure hydrogen atmosphere, and M 2 +-1, which has a low equilibrium decomposition pressure at TH=20°C, is preferably filled with hydrogen. The released alloy is then filled in a low-pressure hydrogen atmosphere.

That is, the state of "Mll" corresponds to point (2), and the state of M2H corresponds to point (2).

Heating/refrigerating container 1 insulated from the operating temperature of temperature sensor 21
When the required cold FA temperature TL in the container is set to 0° C., the second container is cooled with air to lower the dissociation pressure of “Mll” and reach the state at point (3). The communication valve 19, which allows the temperature inside the heating and refrigerating container 1 to reach the set temperature, is closed and the first container 3 and the second container 5 are communicated with each other, so hydrogen is transferred from the high pressure first container 3 to the low pressure second container. Ml[ ] absorbs heat and releases hydrogen to reach a temperature of TI-=O<0>C, thereby cooling the inside of the heating/refrigerating container 1. This is the state of point (■) and is a low temperature generation process. On the other hand, the M2H in the second container 5 absorbs heat from hydrogen and generates heat, but this heat is passed through the heat transfer plate 12 such as aluminum or copper 1 and heats the remaining container 6, which is then filled into the M21. ” is heated.

The temperature inside the insulated heating and refrigerating container 1 is the set temperature TL = O℃
When the temperature sensor 21 is activated to close the communication valve 19, the flow of hydrogen between the first container 3 and the second container 5 is interrupted. When the temperature inside the heating/refrigerating container 1 exceeds a predetermined temperature, the temperature sensor ++-21 is activated again and the communication valve 19 is sensed, so hydrogen flows and the inside of the heating/refrigerating container 1 is cooled to a predetermined temperature u1.

While the first container 3 and the second container 5 are performing the above-described low temperature generation operation, the remaining first container 4 and second container 6 are performing a regeneration operation. That is, hydrogen is absorbed into M 2 H on the low pressure side of the second container 6 to generate a hydride. The heat generated by 1q in the above-described low temperature generation operation is heated through the heat transfer plate 12 in this second container. This state corresponds to point ■. The communication valve 20 is opened and the second container 6 and the first container 4 communicate with each other, so that hydrogen moves from the high pressure second container 6 to the low pressure first container 4, and the hydrogen moves from the high pressure second container 6 to the low pressure first container 4. M1to1
absorbs hydrogen and generates heat. This heat is dissipated from the first container 4 through the window 10. This is the initial state of point (■) and is the regeneration process.

The heat generating container 2 is replaced so that the series of the first container 3 and the second container 5 of the heat generating container 2 and the series of the first container 4 and the second container 6 are reversed, and low temperature generation and regeneration are performed. By alternately operating the two lines of the forming process, it is possible to continuously cool the heating/refrigerating container 1 by 2 J].

When the heating/refrigerating device A of the present invention is used as a heating device, contrary to the above, the second container 5 is filled with MlH under a high pressure hydrogen atmosphere, and the first container 3 is filled with M21'' under a low pressure. Filled under hydrogen atmosphere. Until the inside of the insulated heating and refrigerating container 1 reaches a predetermined temperature, the communication valve 19 communicates with the second container 5 and the first container 3, so hydrogen is transferred from the high-pressure second container 5 to the low-pressure first container. M21 in the first container 3 exothermically absorbs hydrogen, and heat is applied to the heating/refrigerating container 1 through the inspection 9 to heat it. This is the high temperature generation process.

In the m1 process, in the high temperature generation process (the collected second container 5
When the remaining second container 6, which has been made into a hydride-forming alloy state through the heat exchanger plate 12, is cooled 1!11, the MlH filled inside absorbs hydrogen. Therefore, when the communication valve 2o is opened, hydrogen moves from the first container 4 at high L[ to the second container 6 at low pressure. At this time, the cold heat generated in the first container 4 is dissipated into the atmosphere through the inspection chamber 10.

Continuous heating is possible by replacing the heat generating container 2.

[Experimental example] Using a small heating and refrigerating device with an insulated heating and refrigerating container with an internal volume of approximately 36β, MraN of approximately I KLj was used.
The first container filled with i47Aρo3 and about 1Kg of la
A pair of second containers filled with N i 5 are arranged, and the first
In the container, hydrogen is pressurized to about 7 atmospheres at a temperature of 20℃ and L
aN i 5 hydride was occluded, while the second container was depressurized to approximately 1°2 atm at a temperature of 20"C, the set temperature was set to 0°C, and it was connected to a sensor placed in a heated and refrigerated container. Then, the temperature inside the container reached approximately 0.degree. C., and thereafter the heating and refrigerating container was continuously maintained at approximately 0.degree.

[Effect 1] Since the present invention performs heating or cooling using the hydrogen storage and desorption reactions of metal hydrides, it does not require any power source, and it does not require any power source, unlike conventional heating and refrigeration methods and devices. Another advantage is that the required temperature can be stably extracted and used over a long period of time as needed without consuming or replenishing a heat source.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of the heating/refrigerating device of the present invention, and Fig. 2 is a fvlrl-48 for explaining its operation.
FIG. A... Heating/refrigerating device 1... Heating/refrigerating device 2... Heat generating container 3.
4... First container 5, 6... Second container 7.
・・Insulating bulkhead 8・Accommodation space 9.10・
...Inspection 11...Insulating outer wall 12...Heat transfer plate 13.14, 15.16...Filter 17.18.
...Communication pipe 19.20...Communication valve 21...Temperature sensor

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. Metal hydrides having different equilibrium decomposition pressure characteristics are charged into a first container and a second container which are connected to each other through ventilation, and the pressure changes in the first container and the second container. Heating and refrigeration method 2, in which the metal hydride is made to alternately absorb and release hydrogen by continuously repeating alternately charging and discharging hydrogen, thereby generating hot or cold heat. The heating and refrigeration method 3 according to claim 1, wherein the metal hydrides respectively charged in the containers are a Mitshu metal-nickel hydride and a Mitshu metal-nickel-aluminum hydride. At least two sets of a container and a second container are arranged side by side, and heat is insulated between the first container and heat is transferred between the second containers, so that the first container and the second container of one set are insulated. Claim 1 or 2, wherein a heating and cooling reaction is carried out in the second container, and a reversible reaction of the reaction is carried out simultaneously in the first container and the second container of the other set, respectively. In heating and refrigeration method 4 described above, a plurality of pairs of first containers and second containers each loaded with metal hydrides having different equilibrium decomposition pressure characteristics are connected to each pair via a connecting valve whose opening/closing is controlled by a temperature sensor. The plurality of adjacent first containers are interconnected to allow ventilation, and the plurality of adjacent first containers are insulated from each other, and at least one side is open to allow heat radiation. A heating and refrigerating device 5 consisting of a heat generating container provided to allow heat transfer and having an insulated outside, and a heating and refrigerating container to which the heat generating container can be freely attached and detached; The heating/refrigerating device 6 according to claim 4, wherein the hydride is a Mitsuhmetal-nickel-based hydride or a Mitshumetal-nickel-aluminum-based hydride, wherein the heat generating container is formed to be reversible and detachable from the heating/refrigerating container. The heating and refrigerating device according to claim 4