JPS6189998A - Hydraulic machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To establish high efficiency over a wide flow rate varying range by forming a part of the blade on the diffuser of a shape memory alloy, controllably constituting optimum the shape of the blade with a temperature control means for it and removing the separation phenomenon. CONSTITUTION:A blade 12 of diffuser is made of a conventional metal and is constituted by coupling the top end portion 40 consisting of a shape memory alloy with the top end of the blade 12. A heating and cooling unit 14 and temperature detector 15 are buried in the blade 12 as shown in the figure and the heating and cooling are provided for the blade 12 from the exterior. According to the foregoing constitution, the shape of the top end 40 of the blade can be properly changed as shown in the solid line and broken line of the figure, therefore the shape of the blade can be controlled in optimum state, and fitted in the flowing direction toward the fluid diffuser. Thereby, high efficiency can be obtained over a wide flow rate varying range by removing the separation phenomenon, therefore the stability of the work can be improved with materization of a low cost.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an improvement in a fluid machine equipped with a rotary impeller and a diffuser having blades installed around its outer periphery.

BACKGROUND ART A diffuser 3 is provided around the outer periphery of an impeller 1 in order to efficiently decelerate and convert the increased velocity of the fluid into pressure. By providing the blades 3a, the efficiency is improved compared to the case where only the vortex chamber 4 is provided.In addition, la is the rotation axis, and 2 is the blade.

Problems to be Solved by the Invention However, the above-mentioned diffuser 3 with vanes 3a has a drawback that the efficient region is narrow when the flow rate changes. When the flow rate deviates from the normal flow rate, as shown by arrow A in Figure 8, separation occurs on the blade surface, which narrows the range of high efficiency. Research has been carried out on blade shapes that are less likely to cause this, and mechanisms have been considered to change the angles and shape from the outside to attach the blades, but these methods result in complicated structures, lack of reliability, and expensive machinery. ing.

Therefore, the present invention was made in view of the problems of the prior art and to solve the problems.The present invention is a novel centrifugal type that is inexpensive, has high efficiency over a wide flow range, and is stable. The objective is to provide a fluid machine of n.

Means for Solving the Problems In order to achieve this object, the fluid machine of the present invention includes a rotary impeller and a tiff user that installs the blades on the outer periphery of the rotary impeller. The blade is characterized in that the blade is formed entirely or partially from a plurality of materials or shape memory alloys having different coefficients of thermal expansion, and is provided with temperature control means for the blade to optimally control the blade shape.

EXAMPLES The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to illustrative examples.

FIG. 7 shows the structure of the parts of the fluid machine according to the present invention. In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes an impeller attached to a rotating shaft 1a, and as the impeller 1 rotates, rotational speed is imparted to the fluid by the action of the blades 20 attached to the impeller 1. The fluid exiting the impeller 1 is pushed out at high speed and flows into a vaned diffuser 3 installed to convert it into static pressure.

Of course, at the design point, even in the conventional vaned diffuser 3 shown in FIG. 8, the shape of the vanes [JJ3a] should match the flow direction of the fluid.

However, when the flow rate decreases from the design point, as shown in FIG. 8, the inflow angle does not match the direction of the blades, so separation occurs and the intended purpose cannot be achieved, as described above.

Therefore, in the present invention, the D2 user 31 is improved as shown in the embodiment described below.

Figures 1 to 3 show the first embodiment.

In FIGS. 1 and 2, reference numeral 11 indicates a side wall constituting the diffuser, and reference numeral 12 indicates a diffuser blade manufactured by bonding two or more metals 12a1 and 12a2 having different coefficients of thermal expansion. The vane 12 is positioned by a pin 13 fixed to the side wall 11. The bottle 13 passes through a gap 12b having an oval cross section and formed within the thickness of the blade 12, and therefore, a gap 10 is provided so that the blade 12 can slide against the side wall 11. ing.

As shown in FIG. 2, embedded in the blade 12 are a heating and cooling device 14, a temperature detection device 15 that detects the temperature of the blade, and guides the temperature to the outside.

The relationship between the temperature and the shape of the blade 12 has been verified in advance. Based on the obtained data, the blade 12 is shaped into an appropriate shape (by heating or cooling from the outside, the temperature of the blade 12 is controlled to change its shape,
It is deformed as shown by the broken line in FIG.

By always optimizing the shape of the blades 12 through control operations using such means, it is possible to operate at the highest efficiency at all times.

FIG. 4 shows a second embodiment, namely the case of a supersonic diffuser.

In this case, the blade 12 is formed into a hollow thin plate,
A small piece 20 having a large coefficient of thermal expansion is incorporated into the hollow 81S12c. A heating or cooling device and a temperature detection device (not shown) introduced from the outside are incorporated into this small piece 20 in a manner similar to the first embodiment shown in FIG. With this supersonic Din user, in response to flow rate changes,
Through control operations using the heating or cooling device and the temperature detection device, as shown in FIG. This is effective because it greatly affects its performance.

FIGS. 5 and 6 show a third embodiment.

In this case, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the blade 12 is made of ordinary metal, and a tip 4o made of a shape memory alloy is bonded to the tip of the blade 12. Then, such a blade 12 is heated and heated as shown in FIG.
By embedding the cooling device 14 and the temperature detection device 15 and heating and cooling them from the outside, the shape of the blade tip 40 can be changed appropriately as shown in FIG. Match the blade shape.

Effects of the Invention As stated above, in short, the nine-body machine of the present invention has the following effects:
In a fluid machine equipped with a rotary impeller and a diffuser with blades attached to the outer periphery of the impeller.

All or part of the blades of the diffuser are formed of a plurality of materials or shape memory alloys having different thermal expansion coefficients, and
By providing temperature control means for the blades and arranging the configuration to optimally control the shape of the blades, high efficiency can be obtained over a wide flow range by eliminating the phenomenon of elegance, thereby improving work efficiency. It has improved stability and can be manufactured at low cost.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

1 to 3 show a first embodiment of the fluid machine of the present invention, FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a diffuser blade, FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line ■-■ in FIG. 1, and FIG. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of the function of the diffuser blade as above. FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a diffuser blade which is a second embodiment of the fluid machine of the present invention, and
The figure and FIG. 6 show a third embodiment of the fluid machine of the present invention,
Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the diffuser blade, and Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the diffuser blade.
It is a sectional view taken along the line Vl-vt in the figure. 7 and 8 show an embodiment of a conventional fluid machine, of which FIG. 7 is a partial longitudinal cross-sectional view, and FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line --- in FIG. 7. 11... Side wall constituting the diffuser, 12... Blade of the tiff user, 13-... Bottle, 1.1... Heating/cooling device, 15... Temperature detection device, 2o... Small piece, 40... Shape memory alloy . Sub-agent Masami Kimura (and 7 others) Figure 1 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7

Claims (1)

[Claims] In a fluid machine equipped with a rotary impeller and a diffuser having blades attached to its outer periphery, all or part of the blades of the diffuser are formed of a plurality of materials or shape memory alloys having different coefficients of thermal expansion, and A fluid machine equipped with temperature control means and configured to optimally control the blade shape.