JPS6159688B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

The present invention relates to a method for cultivating edible mushroom beds. The edible mushroom bed cultivation method involves placing a culture medium made of sawdust etc. in a container for mushroom bed cultivation, such as a bottle, box, or bag, and then inoculating and cultivating mushroom fungi. It is often used for the cultivation of edible mushrooms such as Tamogitake. In this method, it is important that the inoculum spreads well in the culture medium and the mycelia are well cultured, and this determines the yield of mushrooms. In culturing mycelia, controlling temperature and humidity is extremely important. However, it is difficult to maintain a large number of cultivation containers placed in a large room at the desired temperature and humidity, and such maintenance requires expensive equipment, and the culture medium in the cultivation containers is also difficult to maintain. The drawback was that the moisture content could not be adjusted. Furthermore, Japanese Patent Publications No. 43-10303, Japanese Patent Publication No. 50-10222, and Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 51-96456 disclose techniques for using polyurethane foam in a culture medium made of sawdust or the like. However, the polyurethane foam has poor affinity for wood and has too high mechanical strength, so when it is used as a culture medium, it cannot be said to have a sufficient breeding effect for mushroom fungi. As a result of research in view of the current situation, the present inventors have overcome the above-mentioned difficulties by using a culture medium that contains a phenolic resin foam with excellent water retention ability and retains a specific amount of water. The present invention was completed by discovering that mushrooms can be harvested efficiently. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a novel culture medium and a method for cultivating edible mushrooms using the culture medium. The edible mushroom bed cultivation method of the present invention includes a phenolic resin foam having a water retention capacity of at least 10% saturated water content in a proportion ranging from 10 to 90% by volume, and the phenolic resin foam has a water content of 10%. ~100%
This method is characterized by using a culture medium containing water in a proportion within the range of . In addition, the saturated water content in the present invention is a parameter indicating the water retention capacity of the phenolic resin foam, and the saturated water content in the phenolic resin foam with a volume of 250 c.c.
× 25 mm) in water to absorb water until the amount of absorption no longer increases, then take it out and leave it for 30 minutes at room temperature on a smooth plastic plate with no water absorbency. is drained, then the volume of water retained is measured, and the percentage is calculated based on the following equation ().
Moreover, the water content indicates the amount of water retained in the phenolic resin foam in the culture medium, and is a percentage calculated by the following formula (). Saturated water content (%) = Volume of water retained in the phenolic resin foam / Volume of the phenolic resin foam x 100... (
) Moisture content (%) = Volume of water retained in the phenolic foam / Volume of phenolic foam in the culture medium x 10
0...() The culture medium in the present invention consists of known constituents such as rice bran, sawdust, etc. and a specific amount of the phenolic resin foam, and the phenolic resin foam retains a specific amount of water. It is what it is. By using this culture medium, the inoculum can be quickly cultured without special consideration for adjusting the temperature and humidity of the cultivation room, and as a result, an increase in mushroom yield can be expected. This effect is due to the fact that the culture medium contains a phenolic resin foam that retains an appropriate amount of water, so even if the temperature and humidity of the cultivation room changes, the effects of these changes are alleviated due to water evaporation and moisture absorption. This is thought to be due to the fact that conditions within the floor container are maintained suitable for the spread of mycelium. However, the scope of the present invention is not limited solely by this reason. The phenolic resin foam may have a water retention capacity with a saturated water content of at least 10%;
Various types can be used effectively. It is essential for the phenolic resin foam to have the above-mentioned water retention capacity, but it also has a density of 0.02 to 0.2 g/cc and bending strength.
Those having characteristic values such as 1.0 to 5.0 Kg/cm ² and compressive strength of 0.2 to 1.0 Kg/cm ² are effective. In addition, 1 g of phenolic resin foam was crushed, boiled with 50 ml of distilled water for 120 minutes in a flask equipped with a condenser, the plastic foam was filtered out, and after cooling.
Measure PH. Those with a pH in the range of 5 to 9 are particularly effective. However, it is not necessary to satisfy all of the characteristic values, and they can be changed within a range that can achieve the object of the present invention. Such foams can be manufactured by known methods and are commercially available. For example, a phenolic resin foam can be produced by a known method in which a resol obtained by condensing phenol and formalin in the presence of a catalyst is mixed with a foaming agent, a foam stabilizer, a nonionic surfactant, and a hardening agent, and then foamed and cured. . In addition, commercially available floral foam for fresh flowers (for example, manufactured by Smithers, USA, trade name "Oasis") can be effectively used. The shape and size of the phenolic resin foam are not particularly limited and can be arbitrarily selected. For example, in the case of crushed pieces of foam, cut pieces, artificially processed pieces, block pieces,
It can be used in any shape, such as a plate or a rod, depending on the purpose. The amount of phenolic resin foam used is in a proportion ranging from 10 to 90% by volume relative to the culture medium. If the amount used is less than 10% by volume, the effect is too small to be expected;
If the amount exceeds % by volume, the culture medium will not be able to fully function as a culture medium. Known culture medium constituent materials such as rice bran, sawdust, etc. and the phenolic resin foam can be easily mixed by any method. For example, both substances can be mixed using a suitable mixer, or when a rod-shaped or cylindrical phenolic resin foam is used, they can be mixed artificially in any arrangement or spacing using a mixer. At this time, the phenolic resin foam may or may not contain water. the amount of water retained in the phenolic foam;
That is, the water content can be appropriately selected within the range of 10 to 100%, preferably 30 to 90%, but it is preferably determined by taking into consideration the shape and amount of the phenolic resin foam, the volume of the bacterial bed container, etc. If the water content is less than 10%, the amount of water retained will be too small and there will be no point in using the phenolic resin foam, which may have the opposite effect, which is not preferable. In order to increase the water content to 10% or more, the phenolic resin foam should absorb enough water. There is no limit to the point at which water is absorbed, but it is best to determine it by taking into account the shape and size of the phenolic resin foam. Water can be absorbed at any stage before, during or after mixing. Further, when using a phenolic resin foam having a rod-like or cylindrical shape, it is more convenient to absorb water sufficiently in advance. To maintain moisture content at least 10%,
For example, this can be done by allowing the phenolic resin foam to absorb a sufficient amount of water during the preparation of the culture medium. If necessary, water can be replenished at an appropriate stage. As detailed above, the present invention provides a method for cultivating edible mushroom beds in which mushroom fungi are inoculated and cultured in a culture medium, in which a phenolic resin foam having a water content of at least 10% saturated water content is used in an amount of 10 to 90% by volume. The water content of the phenolic resin foam is within the range of
This is a method for cultivating edible mushroom beds, which is characterized by using a culture medium that retains water in a proportion ranging from 10 to 100%, and the functions and effects of the present invention are as follows. That is, the present invention specifies the inclusion of a phenolic resin foam in a culture medium made of sawdust, etc., utilizes its water retention ability, and utilizes its unique affinity for wood and mechanical properties. It is disclosed that the material exhibits excellent properties not found in porous materials. The first feature to point out is the affinity of phenolic resin to wood and the effects it produces. For example, according to the description in "Phenol Resin" (written by Shinichi Murayama, published by Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun, July 30, 1960), pages 87-88, phenol resin has an excellent affinity for wood. It was found that this affinity between phenolic resin and wood provides favorable conditions for the propagation of mushroom hyphae. In addition, the propagation of mycelia such as shiitake mushrooms is caused by cellulose and lignin (with a phenol skeleton) in wood.
This effectiveness can be said to be confirmed as it is known that it utilizes the decomposition of shiitake mushrooms. As described above, in the method of the present invention using a culture medium made of phenolic resin, which has good affinity with wood and which is thought to cause no discomfort to Katsukino mycelium, for example, compared to the case of urethane foam, In comparison, it can be said that there is no influence associated with the growth of mushroom mycelia.Furthermore, the phenolic resin in the method of the present invention has excellent mechanical properties.For example, the phenolic resin foam and urethane foam have a weak In other words, in the culture medium made using the phenolic resin foam in the method of the present invention, due to the brittleness of the phenolic resin foam, the growth of mushroom hyphae is difficult. The foam is easily destroyed without being inhibited in any way, and growth proceeds. However, with less brittle urethane foam, the growth of mushroom hyphae is inhibited and sufficient growth cannot be expected.

[Table] As mentioned above, when using the culture medium made of the phenolic resin foam of the present invention,
As is clear from Examples 4 and 5 and comparative examples shown below, it exhibits superior mushroom mycelia propagation efficiency compared to the urethane foam. Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to Examples. However, the present invention is not limited only to the following examples. Example 1 Floral foam (product name “Oasis”)
A short-shaped porous material (hereinafter referred to as "foam") with a diameter of 2 to 5 mm was made from the foam. In addition, Floral Foam has a water retention capacity of 80% saturated water content,
It had the following characteristic values. Density = 0.02g/cc, bending strength = 2.0Kg/cm ² , compressive strength = 0.8Kg/cm ² . Sawdust (apparent specific gravity = 0.175) 220g and bran 7g
and 50vo1% (to culture medium) equivalent amount of foam ""
A culture medium was prepared by mixing the following. Form ""
was allowed to absorb water before being mixed with sawdust and rice bran, and the moisture content was set at 80%. The culture medium was placed in a polyethylene cultivation bottle (capacity: 800
cc, caliber 52 mm), and oyster mushroom fungi were planted at the base. Bacteria scraping was performed 25 days later. After 5 laps, the oyster mushrooms were harvested. The yield is 51.2 for the first time.
It was hot at g. The second time was 31g. For comparison, oyster mushrooms were grown in the same manner except that the foam was not used and a comparative culture medium consisting only of sawdust and rice bran was used. The yield is 35.5 for the first time.
It was hot at g. In some cases, the yield was extremely small at 24.9g. The second time was 26g. Example 2 In Example 1, the amount of use of the form “”
A culture medium was prepared in the same manner except that the concentration was 30vo1%.
Next, we cultivated Hiratake mushrooms. The yield was 50.8g. The second time was 30g. Example 3 Floral foam (product name “Oasis”)
A prismatic porous material (hereinafter referred to as "foam") with a diameter of 20 mm x 20 mm and a height of 80 mm was made from the foam. 220g of sawdust and 7g of bran and foam 2
A culture medium was prepared by mixing with this material. The foam ``'' was allowed to absorb water before mixing, and the moisture content was set at 80%. Transfer the culture medium to a polypropylene cultivation bottle (capacity: 800
cc, caliber 52 mm), and oyster mushroom fungi were planted at the base. Bacteria scraping was performed 25 days later. After 5 laps, the oyster mushrooms were harvested. The yield was 45.0g. As is clear from Examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples,
According to the present invention, the yield was about 1.5 times higher than that of the known method (comparative example). In addition, it was found that the same amount of harvest (for example, 35.5 g) as in the known method could be obtained several days earlier. Example 4 A culture medium obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 was placed in a polyethylene culture bottle (volume 1000 c.c., diameter 38
mm), and Shiitake fungi were planted on the base.
After one round, the culture condition was examined in terms of mycelium growth, which was 5 mm/day in the vertical direction of the bottle. It took 30 days to complete the culture in bottles. For comparison, Shiitake fungi were cultured in the same manner except that a comparative culture medium consisting only of sawdust and rice bran was used. It took 50 days to complete the culture. Example 5 In Example 1, the amount of use of the form “”
A culture medium was prepared in the same manner except that 30V01% was used. Using the culture medium thus obtained, Shiitake fungi were cultured according to the same procedure as in Example 4. The number of days required to complete the culture was 35 days. As is clear from Examples 4 to 5 and Comparative Examples,
According to the present invention, the number of days required to complete culturing is shorter than that of the known method (comparative example), and high-quality products can be easily obtained. Comparative Example (Urethane foam) Commercially available semi-rigid urethane foam (saturated moisture content 80
%, density = 0.022g/cc, bending strength = 3.4Kg/cm ² ,
A culture medium obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 of the present invention, except that compressive strength = 0.9 Kg/cm ² ) was used, was placed in a polyethylene culture bottle (volume 1000 c.c., diameter 38 mm), and Shiitake fungi were added to the base. was planted. Then, the growth state of the hyphae was observed. It took 40 days to complete the culture in bottles.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A method for cultivating edible mushroom beds by inoculating and culturing mushroom fungi in a culture medium, in which a phenolic resin foam having a water content of at least 10% saturated water content is used in a range of 10 to 90% by volume. 1. A method for cultivating edible mushroom beds, which comprises using a culture medium in which the phenolic resin foam contains water in a proportion of 10 to 100%. 2 The first claim that the moisture content is 30 to 90%
The method for cultivating edible mushroom beds as described in Section 1.