JPS5910164B2 - improved soil - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an improved soil that has an appropriate balance of air permeability, water retention, and drainage performance, has good fertilizer efficiency, and can maintain its fertilizer effect for a long time.

Conventionally, when improving soil, expanded polystyrene particles have been dispersed and mixed into the soil, but this method has the following drawbacks.

■ Soil and Styrofoam particles are not compatible;
It is difficult to mix uniformly, and since expanded polystyrene particles are lightweight, they are easily blown away by the wind during mixing, making handling inconvenient.

In particular, it is almost impossible to use over a wide area.

■ Styrofoam particles only have the effect of imparting porosity to the soil, and often in cases of heavy rain, etc., the porosity promotes drainage effects, causing the styrofoam particles to float out of the soil and flow onto the soil surface. As a result, the soil improvement effect was often lost.

■ The effect is simply to improve the drainage of the soil, so the fertilizer supplied to the soil will run off with rainwater before it can work effectively, significantly reducing the fertilizer effect and actually causing damage to crop fields, etc. It was unsuitable as a soil improvement material.

The improved soil of the present invention has been made to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks, and the improved soil of the present invention will now be described in detail.

The improved soil of the present invention is obtained by adding one or more types of soil microorganisms that decompose organic matter to a mixture of crushed synthetic resin foam particles, plant debris, and fertilizer components, and fermenting and decaying the mixture.

Pulverized synthetic resin foam particles are synthetic resin foams manufactured using polystyrene, polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, etc. as main raw materials, or their scraps, and are pulverized into fine particles. The diameter is in the range of 0.1 to 30 ial, preferably 0.5 to 2
The pulverized synthetic resin foam particles are in the range of 0 mm, more preferably in the range of 1 to 15 itg, and have a large number of recesses in the range of 0.05 to 2 mm on the surface of the pulverized particles.

By treating a synthetic resin foam having an unfoamed resin portion on the surface with an appropriate pulverizer, it is possible to obtain pulverized particles having the above-mentioned average particle size and having a large number of concave portions formed on the particle surface. .

The reason why the average particle size of the crushed particles and the size of the surface recesses are limited in this way is that the average particle size is closely related to the compatibility with soil (mixing and dispersibility), and the size of the surface recesses depends on the size of the surface recesses. This is because it has a large effect on the retention capacity of fertilizer components.

In other words, if the average particle size exceeds 30 mm, it will be difficult to mix uniformly with the soil and there is a risk of separation during use, and if the average particle size is smaller than 0.1 mm, the effect of improving air permeability and drainage will not be effective. significantly reduced.

The recesses on the surface have the role of holding compost and fertilizer components, and as a result of these being appropriately dispersed and retained in the recesses on the surface of the crushed particles,
The ground particles can form the core of the improved soil of the present invention.

Plant debris is straw, wood chips, wood flour, bark, leaves, etc., or a mixture thereof, and is a component that should be fermented and decayed by the action of soil microorganisms that decompose organic matter to become compost.

The plant pieces can be shredded to an appropriate size in advance and mixed with crushed synthetic resin foam particles, or the synthetic resin foam pieces and the plant pieces can be mixed and crushed at the same time to form particles of a predetermined size. It can also be done.

The mixing ratio is 1 part synthetic resin foam to 5 to 30 parts plant pieces.
(weight ratio) is desirable.

Fertilizer ingredients contain elements essential for plant growth, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and include various chemical fertilizers, rice,
Use rice bran, livestock manure such as chicken manure, or a mixture thereof.

The amount of fertilizer components added is 0.05 to 0.7 per 1 plant piece.
(weight ratio) is desirable.

There are many types of soil microorganisms that decompose organic matter used in the present invention, but they are mainly bacteria and filamentous fungi.
us), Pseudomonas (Pseudomon)
as) genus, Proteus genus,
Those belonging to the genus Bacterium are effective, and among filamentous fungi, genus Penicillium and Aspergillus are effective.
Aspergillus) genus, Fusarium (F'
usariun) genus, Trichoderma (Trich)
Those belonging to the genus Oderma) are valid.

In particular, it is desirable to use filamentous fungi for decomposing plant debris, ie, cellulose.

Then, one or more of these microorganisms are used by being adsorbed onto the floe-like conglomerate powder.

The action of soil microorganisms that decompose this organic matter promotes fermentation and decay of plant debris, making it a good compost.

The above-mentioned microorganisms are added at a rate of 0.005 to 0.0.
2 (weight ratio) is desirable.

In producing the improved soil of the present invention, crushed synthetic resin foam particles, plant fragments, and fertilizer components are mixed, sufficiently stirred using a mixer, and a homogeneous mixture is obtained. Add aerial fungi and ripen.

After several hours, the temperature of the mixture reaches 60-70℃ due to the accumulation of fermentation heat.
rise to

Once the temperature has almost stopped rising (usually about a week)
Refresh to ensure sufficient air supply in the mixture.

The improved soil of the present invention is completed in about 2 to 3 months by repeating the cutting process every 1 to 2 weeks.

By doing so, the plant fragments decay and become compost, and are uniformly adhered and held in the surface recesses of the crushed synthetic resin foam particles together with the fertilizer components.

The improved soil of the present invention thus obtained is used by mixing it with normal soil in an appropriate ratio.

The mixing ratio varies depending on the method of use and the type of plant, but the general standards are as follows.

■ = For general agricultural crops, 100 to 50 per 10 ares
Plow in 0 kg of improved soil so that it is thoroughly mixed with the general soil.

■ When raising seedlings or potted plants, use improved soil mixed with soil at a volume ratio of 30 to 100%.

■ For tree planting, use 20-60% of the volume of the planting hole with improved soil mixed with backfill soil.

Since the improved soil of the present invention has the above-described structure, it has the following advantages.

■ Provides a granular structure to the soil, ensuring that the soil's air permeability, water retention, and drainage are appropriately balanced, and promotes vigorous root growth.

■ Contains compost and fertilizer components, increasing the soil's base replacement capacity, preventing changes in acidity caused by chemical fertilizers, and suppressing fertilizer concentration disturbances.

Moreover, the inclusion of fertilizer ingredients can prevent the problem better than using fertilizer.

■ Compost and fertilizer components are uniformly adhered to and retained in the recesses on the surface of the pulverized synthetic resin foam particles, so the fertilizer retention capacity is large, there is no runoff due to rainwater, etc., the fertilizer efficiency is high, and the effect lasts for a long time.

■ Pulverized synthetic resin foam particles are thoroughly mixed with compost and fertilizer components to form the core of improved soil, so they are extremely easy to handle and are not blown away by the wind like foam particles alone. It also does not separate and float in the soil due to rainwater, etc.

■ It is also possible to use waste materials such as foam scraps, wood chips, chicken manure, etc. as main raw materials, and this is a promising way to recycle and use resources effectively.

Example 1 Extruded foamed polystyrene (trade name Styrofoam) waste with a density of 0.0 2 8 5 f/ffl (average particle size 100
mm) 10 ky and rice straw 170 kp were mixed and simultaneously passed through a pulverizer to obtain 4 dragons having an average particle size of foam pulverized particles.

After adding 50 kg of chicken manure to this pulverized mixture and stirring thoroughly, the pre-cultured Bacillus subtilis (Ba
cillus subtilis), Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pseudomonas fluorescens)
orescens), Trichoderma Album (T
richoderma album) and adsorbed on floe-like gravel tuff powder, 5 ky of the mixture was added, and the mixture was further stirred and piled up on a mountain for ripening.

After 1 week, repeat once, then 2 more times.
As a result of repeating the process six times every week, improved soil that was sufficiently fermented and corroded was obtained.

The improved soil thus obtained was thoroughly mixed with soil at a ratio of 50% of the volume of the potted soil, and filled into a pot with a diameter of 25 cIIL and a depth of 25 m.

Comparative Example 1 The extruded foamed polyethylene scraps used in Example 1 were pulverized using a pulverizer to give an average particle size of 4 mm.

The crushed particles are mixed with soil at a ratio of 50% of the volume of potting soil,
It was packed in a pot with a diameter of 25CrfL1 and a depth of 25CIfL.

Comparative Example 2 Untreated soil was filled in a pot with a diameter of 25 cIfL and a depth of 25 crIL.

Experiment 1 When 2 tons of water was uniformly sprinkled over the entire surface of the pot of Example 1 and the pot of Comparative Example 1, in the pot of Comparative Example 1, the crushed foam particles came to the surface and overflowed from the pot. However, in the pot of Example 1, no outflow of the crushed foam particles was observed.

Experiment 2 One eggplant seedling (height: approximately 20 crrL) was planted in each pot of Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2, and the seedlings were left outdoors and their growth rate was observed. The pots of Example 1 had grown to 40 crfL, the pots of Comparative Example 1 had grown to 35 crfL, and the pots of Comparative Example 2 had grown to 33 crfL.

Experiment 3 The total amount of phosphoric acid (P205) in the soil of the pot in Example 1 was analyzed and was 1.6%.

After spraying 2 tons of water uniformly over the entire surface of the pot, the total phosphoric acid content (P205) of the soil was analyzed again and found to be 1.3%.

Phosphate fertilizer was added to the pot of Comparative Example 1, and the total amount of phosphoric acid (P205) was adjusted to 1.6%. After 2 tons of water was uniformly sprinkled over the entire surface of the pot, the total amount of phosphoric acid (P205) was adjusted to 1.6%.
When 05) was analyzed again, it was found to have decreased to 0.5%.

Comparative Example 3 Soil was prepared in exactly the same manner as in Example 1, except that expanded polystyrene scraps were not mixed, and then 10 kg of expanded polystyrene scraps used in Example 1 were mixed with the obtained soil.

The improved soil brewed in this way was thoroughly mixed with soil at a ratio of 50% of the capacity of the pot, and the diameter was 25 cIrL and the depth was 25 c.
I put it in an IrL pot.

When 2 tons of water was uniformly sprinkled over the entire surface of this pot in the same manner as in Experiment 1, the foam particles came to the surface and overflowed from the pot.

From the above experimental results, it was found that the improved soil of the present invention did not show any floating of the crushed foam particles due to rainwater, etc., and had excellent fertilizer retention ability.
It turns out that it is also effective for plant growth.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Soil microorganisms that decompose organic matter are added to a mixture of crushed synthetic resin foam particles, plant debris, and fertilizer components.
Improved soil made by adding seeds or two or more seeds and fermenting and decaying them.