JPS61500538A - Creating a substantially balanced shaft in the direction of fluid flow in either direction of rotation - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] fluid flow in any direction of rotation. Fabrication of substantially balanced axes in direction Specification The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for improving oil retention around a rotating shaft.

In this description, the term "rotating shaft" or simply "shaft" refers to the oil seal In addition to the shaft in contact with the wear sleeve, which actually has a rotating surface in contact with the oil seal. This shall also include bu.

Despite many years of great effort in the art regarding lubrication, there is no complete solution. has not been obtained yet.

The present invention provides a solution for the relationship between a rotating shaft, a radial lip type oil seal, and a housing. It deals with matters related to Maintaining the oil seal in the housing and preventing its leakage Securing is not a concern of the present invention, and it should be assumed that they have been achieved in practice. It would be nice. Between the housing and the oil seal case fitted into it have no relative motion, so they can be easily achieved.

7. Oil retention inside the rotating shaft is usually done using a leak-proof housing. This is done by a radial lip type oil seal with a casing that is a tight fit. Ru. This oil seal has an elastomer that leak-proofly engages the surfaces of the shafts that rotate relative to each other. Has Toma's lipstick.

At least three elements are required to retain oil: Immediately 1) the elastomeric ring or shaft seal; 2) the shaft; and 3) the lubrication to be sealed. Oil or other fluid. Lubricating oil forms a very thin film that This prevents damage to the elastomer by isolating it from the rotating shaft.

To date, generally ground and polished shafts or wear sleeves are completely have a smooth surface so that this surface is not susceptible to damage such as scratches that are visible to the naked eye. It was assumed that this problem was not related to the problem of lubricating oil retention. touch again The problem is that the elastomer seal element is defective. It was considered that it was for the purpose of defeat.

The present invention provides that a shaft that looks and feels smooth is independent of the possibility of oil leakage. Assumptions like the ones above are always 1. It is based on the finding that this is also incorrect. necessary Grinding of the shaft to create a "smooth" cylindrical surface has been largely ignored in the past, but oil leakage microscopic microscopic particles that have been discovered to be the cause of leakage. It creates unevenness.

The problem is that the grinding process is carried out, whether it is normal Zolange grinding or centerless grinding. When grinding, the longitudinal axes of both the shaft to be ground and the grinding machine are parallel; In reality, it is oblique due to the generally allowed error in parallelism. Ru. Until very recently (as discussed below in connection with an earlier patent application by the inventor's collaborators) ) The importance of eliminating all such errors was not recognized.

The above-mentioned inclination during grinding creates a series of non-smooth fine scratches with a deviation in direction. Attach it on the shaft. These scratches look somewhat like threads, and are similar to Archimedean screws. Provides a similar liquid pumping effect. This screw is Archimedes or something like that. Probably invented by someone earlier, it is possible to use a cylindrical screw with a relatively wide thread. It is constructed by being stored in a tank and can be used for a long time for pumping water in Ezozoto and other areas. It has been used.

In this case, the cylinder can be compared to a radial lip shaft seal, and the thread is a radial lip shaft seal. The shaft that rotates inside the barrel and the liquid are oil. Therefore, the direction of rotation of the axis Depending on the oil pressure, the oil may be pushed away from the horn or in the opposite direction. leakage.

If a leak occurs, the user usually assumes the seal is defective and replaces it, but the problem is The problem remains unresolved and the cause remains unknown.

Ignorance of this issue has hitherto affected both shaft end users and shaft manufacturers. It was not even recognized by the manufacturer of the tool. This results in new designs or new types. Type oil seals have been tested and even if leaks occur, no obvious reason can be found. won. The reason is that the Archimedean screw effect due to the directional effect in shaft grinding is Even if all of the specified surface smoothness specifications are met, the result is -.

Although the grinding of the shaft described above does not actually create a thread, it microscopic depressions are created in the same overall direction, and these depressions are individually and collectively This creates a threaded pattern effect. The angle of inclination is very small, so 250 times Although it cannot be seen even under a microscope, its existence can be detected through various tests. Also Many examples of flow leakage of oil rotating relative to the shaft demonstrate the basic phenomenon in practice. It is supported.

Typical examples include axles used in the automotive or light truck vehicle market. These will be listed in the detailed description that follows. But here, let me say the following That should be enough. That is, those microscopic recesses on the shaft allow the sealing lip to contact the shaft. There are hundreds if not thousands of depressions within the area, and these depressions A thin film of lubricating fluid, usually oil, is present between the area seal and the shaft. It gives the power of direction.

As a result, the lubricating oil is pushed in one direction or the other, depending on the direction of rotation of the shaft. leaks from the seal-shaft contact area. In the direction of rotation of such a shaft, The sticker would be considered a "leaked item." This effect is not large-scale, but it lasts for a long time. The user should not use the I thought the oil seal was leaking and the oil seal was damaged when in fact it was not. Or, they may mistakenly assume that it is worn out and replace it.

Oil flow leaks themselves may or may not be significant, but their user The effect on this is significant as mentioned above. This is because an oil seal was used. No one wants to have an oil leak, and if the repair is done incorrectly. This is because it costs money and provides no benefit.

Therefore, as mentioned above, we clearly recognized the above problems caused by the inclination between the grinding machine and the shaft. A previous patent application filed by said collaborator that belongs to the same ownership as the present application has been filed. . This application aims to solve the problems by either of the following:

In other words, (I) virtually eliminates all errors previously allowed in parallelism between the grinding machine and the shaft. to produce a shaft without a thread lead, or (il) to a grinding machine. The direction of the lead on the shaft during fabrication by grinding the shaft with a known non-parallelism. Accurately control the lead direction, confirm this lead direction, and confirm the lead direction during assembly. Depending on It is to combine the shaft and the seal so that it is carried out in the direction of the holding side. This, however, For shafts that rotate in both directions, such as transmission shafts and wheel drive shafts, or If it is not possible to perform shaft machining in accordance with the required shaft rotation direction, the problem will be solved. I can't solve it. The present invention aims to solve this particular problem.

Summary of the invention The method according to the invention provides a radial lift in both stationary and rotating situations. related to flowing fluids when used as a contact surface to engage a pump oil seal. The present invention relates to the fabrication of cylindrical surfaces that are substantially intermediate. To that end, the present invention Microscopic scratches created when machining the cylinder surface that are tilted clockwise are also visible. I'm going to do it. In other words, among these directionally biased fine scratches, fine scratches tilted in one direction Fine surface finishing so that the quality and quantity of the scratches and the fine scratches tilted in the other direction are almost the same By performing processing, the scratches in both directions are averaged out. As a result The thread effect cancels out and the oil is held in its current position. The formed axial surface is sticky It is smooth to the touch and to the naked eye.

Balance in the present invention can be obtained in various ways. For example, grinding the shaft twice Applying cross-feeding, that is, the first time the grinder is sent to the left, the second time it is sent to the right. This can be done by Or the same goes for processed products.

It may be fed through a grinder in two different directions. Or even if you send it and then retreat. good. Another method is to "rock" the grinding wheel or workpiece to adjust the grinding angle. Multi-angle plunge grinding with reciprocating conversion, or sharpening, feeding, and angle setting. There are cases where this is due to a combination of factors such as: All of these will be explained in detail later. Ma Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the illustration and description of the preferred embodiment.

Fluid flute on seal and fluid thread or fine scratch oil film on shaft The relationship and physical location are completely different. Seal fluid flute seal The reeds are on the "air side" of the flutes, so the oil passes through the seals to the air side. It only works when you go. There are fine scratches on the shaft on both sides of the seal, but the seal Only the area in contact with the seal acts to cause oil to leak through the seal.

A two-way flow seal primarily directs oil from the air side to the air side, regardless of the direction of rotation of the shaft. It is believed that this prevents net leakage of the seal by returning it to the oil side. .

In contrast, the microscopically balanced shaft according to the present invention This creates a substantially stable oil film between the shaft and the shaft.

Figure 1 shows a housing with a radial lip that rests against the plane of the shaft. Cross-sectional elevation of a portion of a typical oil retention system, including oil seals It is. Only the top half of the system is shown. At the scale shown, the axes are completely Smooth, and the lip almost looks like a knife edge, but this edge will soon fade. It wears out and becomes dull. This drawing shows both the prior art and the present invention. Yes on this scale The discrepancies look the same.

Figure 2 is a highly enlarged partial view of the prior art, which is theoretically complete, but is difficult to grind. We show that an Archimedean screw effect that creates a directional flow is given.

FIG. 3 is a greatly enlarged and somewhat exaggerated cut-away view of a portion of the shaft of FIG. The smooth shaft is ground into elongated fine scratches with a directional thread structure. Indicates that the

FIG. 4 is a photograph of the axial surface ground by the conventional technique shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.

Figure 5 is a photograph of an actual shaft surface ground according to the present invention, but the angle is considerably exaggerated. has been done.

Figure 6 shows the movement between the grinding wheel and the shaft to be ground, first in one direction and then in the opposite direction. 1 is a schematic illustration of a grinding system according to the invention with longitudinal relative movement in the direction; FIG. .

Figure 7 shows how to balance the inclinations of the longitudinally moving wheel wheels so that they are equal and mutually opposite. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a modified grinding system that creates fine scratches with directional angles.

Figure 8 creates equal and mutually opposite angles in a single one-sided pass. 1 is a schematic diagram of a modified grinding system that balances the dressing against the longitudinal movement. .

FIG. 9 is a partially enlarged view of the shaft or worn shaft after grinding according to FIG. 8.

FIG. 10 shows a centerless grinding operation according to the present invention using ramps to balance longitudinal excursions. This is a schematic diagram of the construction.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a wear sleeve ground with the system of FIG.

FIG. 12 is an inverted view of an on-center grinding operation illustrating the present invention using relative tilting. Ru.

Description of preferred embodiments of the invention preliminary description FIG. 1 shows a simplified typical oil seal installation embodiment.・・Uzongu 2 0 surrounds the axis 21. An oil seal 22 is installed between the shaft 21 and the housing 20. I get kicked. This oil seal is provided with a support annular case 23, and the outer peripheral edge of this case is 24 is leak-proofly fitted into the bore 25 of 7.Ushifugu. Mold in case 23 An elastomeric member 26 that is fixedly attached has a lip area 27 that engages the shaft 21. Ru. The spring 28 presses the lip 27 against the shaft 21 with the required pressure. drawing The left side is the air side and the right side is the oil side where the oil is held. The origin is very The structure shown in Figure 1 is only one, as it can be applied to a wide variety of lip-type seals. This is just a concrete example. Figure 1 shows only the upper half, and the lower half is related to the axis of rotation. It will be understood that this is essentially a mirror image.

In FIG. 1, and in the actual device, the shaft 21 has a very smooth, polished surface. It appears to have a textured surface 29. Even if the axis 21 is a complete axis or Even if it's just a wear sleeve on top, its surface looks perfectly smooth. But actually If you zoom in on it very much, it becomes clear that axis 21 is not completely smooth. Become.

FIG. 2 shows a small portion of FIG. 1 in the case of a prior art shaft or wear sleeve, greatly enlarged. It's a big drawing. Ridge 27 that appears to have sharp edges in FIG. actually has a flat portion 30 facing the axis 21, and the axis 21 is not smooth at all. In addition, a recess 31 is provided between the lands 32 and acts substantially like a screw. I understand. This is due to the very small irregularities always found on the ground surface. It is.

The shaft (or wear sleeve) is fed in one direction in the grinding machine or Of course, a grinding device that is not perfectly smooth will have uneven surfaces when the device is moved along its stationary axis. make. The shaft is ground very smooth and certainly looks that way to the naked eye. However, the smoothness is only relative, and if we approach the molecular dimensions, The roughness of the baso stands out dramatically. In fact, when viewed at a magnification considerably greater than the molecular dimensions, The surface is not smooth. Such problems were clearly overlooked or ignored by the prior art. Due to the irregularities, the shaft 21 rotates in one direction, similar to an Archimedean screw. When rotating, oil is returned to the oil side, and when rotating in the opposite direction, oil is returned from the oil side. Works to transport it to the air side. An observer who believes that the axis is perfectly smooth will The oil spills in Le 7-h and elsewhere will be blamed.

Figure 3 is a very large enlargement of a very small part of the axis of the prior art in Figure 2. The surface shows fine scratches 33 with a directional slope created by conventional grinding.

There are recesses 34 and protrusions 35, all of which are slanted and therefore have a threaded structure. This creates a directional flow. This shape (fine scratches) is caused by the grinding wheel. Due to the action of an inclined and rotating cylindrically oriented abrasive matrix on the work surface. This is called an intermittent spiral fine scratch that is entirely parallel and is created on the cylindrical surface of the rotating shaft. I can do it.

Microscopic scars 33 are often in the form of reliefs, elongated pyramids with four sides. becomes something similar to. The dimensions and angles of these pyramids are (1) the abrasive material of the grinding wheel; (2) the strength of the adhesive that holds the wheel together; (3) the roughness of the shaft and wheel; (4) the angle of inclination (if any) between the mid-axis and the grinding axis; , and (5) controlled by the rotation direction of the workpiece and the grinding wheel. If there is no consideration or if the grinding is carried out in the usual manner, the grinding results in figures 2 and 6. The material is removed and a pyramid is left, as in An Archimedean screw effect in the direction is created.

As a specific example, automobiles or light truck vehicles typically have a surface finish of 15 RMS. Requires a 1,875 inch diameter shaft with a raised shaft. Such axes are typically is ground with an 11-inch diameter grinding wheel, and such a grinding wheel has a Average dimensions are approximately 0.0003 inches wide, 0.00015 inches deep, and 0.01 inches deep. Make a pyramid 5 inches long. Of course, these dimensions include, among other things, other shaft dimensions, The surface finish and grinding wheel diameter will be different. But it's a matter of principle , especially regarding the flow of the oil film.

The micrograph in Figure 4 was made as follows.

A prior art shaft substantially as described above was coated with collodion. collodion is hard Once it had formed, it was removed from the shaft and light was shined through it. through the microscope The original image was taken on color slide film. Approximately 50 on 35mm film X-enlarged. A 10X enlargement was made from this via an intermediate negative (g/ x1σ′ paper). This was reduced when creating the patent drawings.

After all, its magnification is approximately 250× of the original image. Fine scratches have a directional inclination However, as mentioned above, and the oil leak and sensing string test As shown by experiments, since these slopes exist, the 66° Fig. 4 is greatly enlarged. This shows that it is impossible to visually confirm the effect of minute scratches on the shaft even when There is.

The substantially intermediate fluid flow correcting axis tree invention, as shown in FIG. A fluidly directionally balanced structure can be obtained. 1.875 as mentioned above For an inch diameter shaft, the seal-shaft contact area has an axial width of approximately 0.0 10 to 0.020 inches, and within this span hundreds of A lamirado-shaped depression is exposed to a thin oil film.

FIG. 5 shows a substantially fluidly microbalanced material processed according to the present invention. This is an enlarged photo of the shaft.

As can be seen, there are many pyramid-shaped fine scratches on the axial surface. these Minor scratches are inevitable.

The depth of what appears as a scratch is approximately 0.00025 inches. Ru. Again, these fine scratches are very small, but each corresponds to the direction of rotation of the shaft. Move the oil in the opposite direction. The angle of inclination of each fine scratch with respect to the plane perpendicular to the axis The degree ranges from about 0.5 to 3 degrees, with the majority averaging less than 1.1 degrees. those scrubs Many, but not all, of the links intersect with each other. Figure 5 shows 150× An actual micrograph of the elongation is shown.

In order to grasp the concept of the cumulative effect of micro-interrupted spirals that give the surface texture to the shaft, we repeat Ru.

Figure 5 is generally the same as Figure 4, but with black and white 35mm film. This is a microscopic photo. The enlargement on this film is almost exactly 50x. and a gl x 1σ' print enlarged by more than 10x from this film. are made and then reduced when photolithographic copies of standard patent drawings are made. It was. For Figure 5, the special axis has an exaggerated angle of approximately 15° to the radial plane. A fine wire machine of the same angle is attached, then a fine wire machine of the same size at the same angle in the opposite direction is attached. Attached. The shaft is then coated with collodion and after the solvent has evaporated the collodion is It was removed and light was passed through the collodion. The above angle clearly shows the fine wire machine It has been adjusted accordingly. Those fine wire machines exaggerated to clearly show the fine wire machines This angle is not used in practice, and the actual angle is expanded as shown in Figure 4. It is not something that can be confirmed visually.

Analyzing Figure 5, the photograph of a highly magnified portion of the axis shows approximately 5 fine lines. A photo of the machine showing that one cut is 0.0 CI 2 inches wide. Ru. This means that the fine wire machines lined up side by side with 25 sides touching each other are 0.010 This means that it occupies an inch-wide stationary band. Also, the average length of the fine wire machine is 0. 012 inch, then 5.89 inch circumference of a 1.875 inch diameter shaft At the top, there will be a series of fine wire machines arranged vertically with the ends of 490.8 in contact with each other.

Therefore, the total number of fine wire machines that act on the oil seal in contact with the shaft is 490.8 X25=12,271.

If each fine line machine is biased by 0.000001 inch (one millionth of an inch) If the line machine is tilted or tilted, the line machine will move the oil 0.00% in the axial direction in one rotation. It will move 0.5 inches (half of a thousandth of an inch). this is one A fine line machine or groove runs 200 revolutions of oil axially over a distance equal to the width of one stationary lip. This means moving by the distance.

The amount of oil held by one microscopic groove is not large, but all 12.271 of them are When working, if the shaft rotation speed is 500 rpm, several drops of oil will leak from the seal every minute. It's no surprise that it leaked.

Taking this idea a little further, we can say that within a space of 12 thousandths of an inch, 100 A slope of one tenth of an inch is equal to one inch over 1000 feet. three hooks You can hardly see an inch from the ball field. Bright Against the bright blue sky, you can see telephone cables one city block away. But two It is not possible to detect the angle between the cables.

These are the "fine leads" of interrupted spirals that form the surface structure to which the present invention relates.

Individually these leads are not equally important, but collectively they pose a problem. It is.

The present invention provides three different approaches to achieving the middle axis: do.

1. In order to obtain the effect of canceling out the fluid flow, the shafts are arranged in opposite directions relative to the rotational axis. To make two sets of fine wire machines with equal angles inclined to (Figs. 6, 7, 1) Figure 2).

2. Diamond sharpening in the opposite direction to offset the screw-like fine wire machine normally made by grinding. (Fig. 8, Fig. 9).

3. Place two equal diamond sharpening leads in opposite directions to the grinding axis. 10 and 6, the shaft 41 and the grinding wheel 4o are relative to each other in one direction. Creates a right hand effect when the target is moved, and a left hand effect when the target is moved in the opposite direction. A grinding wheel 40 with peripheral abrasive particles as shown in FIG. Such a grinding wheel is essentially There may be two identical grinding wheels, or a single grinding wheel 40, which is first moved in one direction relative to the shaft 41 to produce the fine wire machine 42 and then in the other direction. It may be something that is moved in a direction to create a fine wire machine 43. In either case Also, the fine wire machine 42 has an angle with respect to the axis of rotation 44 of the shaft, but it is If the wires are manufactured with suitable speed, contact, and parallelism, the inclination angle of the fine wire machines 42 and 43 are mutually opposite and equal, and this creates an approximately median axis. It will be done.

In FIG. 7, a grinding wheel 45 is used which is slightly inclined with respect to the shaft 46, and the shaft 46 to provide a thread or directionality, but not a series of intermediate, non-sloping Similarly, by moving the grinding wheel in a direction and with a feeder that creates scratches. obtain the desired effect.

As a similar system, a tilted wheel wheel 45 is used in a Zolanzi grinding machine. and then Zolandi grinding the same shaft with a different grinding wheel tilted in the opposite direction. You can also As yet another variant system, an inclined grinding wheel 45 is used. Perform plunge grinding and then move the same grinding wheel as grinding wheel 40 in the longitudinal direction. It is also possible to create a fine wire machine that intersects at the same angle in the opposite direction. instructor The combination of left and right hand directionality ultimately gives a substantially intermediate directionality. It will be done.

Figure and Figure 9) FIG. 8 shows a longitudinally moving axis 52 tilted to create a fine line [51] in one direction. A beveled wheel wheel 50 is shown. This grinding wheel 50 is shown in FIG. The diamond sharpener is fed approximately 0.008 inches per revolution of the grinding wheel. trimmed by the position 53, which allows the screw to be trimmed by the Create something like Article 54. This is shown in Fig. 9 with fine wire machines 51 intersecting each other. The thread 54 is shown as an enlarged view.

Grinding can be carried out as Zolandi grinding or longitudinal grinding as required. Fine wire machine 51 The grinding wheel 50 is tilted slightly so as to create a diamond sharpener 53. By combining the threads 54 made by A structure in which the strips 54 are inclined in one direction and the fine wire machine 51 is inclined in the other direction is provided. Made. By trial and error, or by careful design, fine wire machines can be virtually Balanced against the thread to ensure medium action. Therefore, the diamond The right hand lead with a stand is threaded clockwise in the direction of rotation shown and the wire machine Scratches are led by the left hand. Scratch 51 is diamond sharpening 53 It is superimposed on the thread 54 made by.

Figure 10 shows that the axes of the grinding wheel 55 and the rubber drive wheel 56 are aligned to create a driving effect. Operation carried out in pairs with the wheel and drive wheel at a slight incline shows. A series of rings 58 are ground by the blade 57 into a wear sleeve. It is supported by Inclining the blade 57 with respect to the centerline 59 of the grinding wheel 55 By the way, the fine wire machine below the center line 59 gives a clockwise direction to the fine structure, and One fine wire machine gives the opposite direction. If one end of the support blade 57 is raised and lowered, , the centerline of the ring 58 to be ground intersects the centerline 59. Support blade 59 By precisely adjusting the scratches in one direction, you can balance them with those in the other direction. , thus creating a wear sleeve 60 with intersecting dimples as shown in FIG. can be made.

As described above, raise one end of the support blade 54 so that the two center lines intersect. If it is lowered, a threaded structure is created. Move the center line of the grinding wheel 55 in the opposite direction. If you lift it up, you can change the direction of the fine wire machine lead.

Therefore, the fine wire machine below the centerline gives a clockwise direction to the fine structure, and The fine line machine above gives a counterclockwise direction. Therefore, if both directions are done, Substantially flow balanced, made into a wear sleeve that prevents leakage of the types described above Figure 12 shows that a series of rings with a symmetrical axis turn the oil on regardless of the direction of rotation of the shaft. There is no leakage from the air side to the air side and, in fact, there is no leakage in any other case. virtually fluidly balanced so that oil can be returned to the oil side of the seal. Also shown is an on-center grinding device that produces a structure with the same effect as FIG.

In FIG. 12, a workpiece 64 is mounted on a drive shaft 65 by a suitable chuck 66. It is suspended and rotated by a suitable drive mechanism 67. Outer edge of workpiece 64 The section 69 is held in place by a suitable end support member 69. Then, and The wheel γ0 is applied to the shaft to be ground or to one side surface of the wear sleeve 64, It is moved along the workpiece 64 or performs plunge grinding. This is like normal in one direction only, and lateral in either direction of the grinding wheel 70 along the workpiece. A feeder creates threads on the workpiece in the manner previously described. But both sides The thread is broken by feeding, and the thread is also broken by reversing the rotation. . Furthermore, the rocking of the rotating shaft of the grinding wheel TO (indicated by the broken line T1) or the workpiece 6 The oscillation of the rotation axis of 4 (indicated by dashed line 72) gives bidirectionality to the fine wire machine, which Thus, a medium axis is created.

Oscillating means changing the axis of rotation repeatedly, and tilting means changing the position only once, means that its position is maintained for many revolutions. In this way, the fine wire machine is Rocking or tilting the wheel or raising the end of the workpiece or It can be changed by either lowering or tilting it. any place In both cases, it is moved through the opponent's center line. In contrast, their axes are non-parallel This gives the fine wire machine one fixed direction. Therefore, slope or control Any controlled oscillation will produce the results of the present invention.

Without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains will be able to Various variations, different embodiments, and applications of the structure of the invention may be envisioned. Therefore The disclosures and statements made herein are illustrative only and are not intended to be restrictive. should be understood.

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Claims (20)

[Claims] 1. A radial rig with substantially balanced direction of fluid flow in either direction of rotation. A method for producing a cylindrical surface that can be used as a contact surface to engage a pump oil seal. There, The fine scratches created during the production of the surface are divided into clockwise fine scratches and counterclockwise fine scratches. A method that involves balancing between. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the balancing substantially adjusts the speed and grinding conditions. longitudinally relative to the plane, first in one direction and then in the other direction, keeping it the same. , grinding the surface with a substantially parallel grinding device while moving the device; Method. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the balance is very slightly sloped. grinding the surface with a grinding machine, reversing the longitudinal axis of the surface, and grinding the surface again with the same very slightly beveled grinding machine; Method. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the balancing is substantially in mutually opposite directions. The surface is ground twice with a plunge grinder with a slight inclination of the same amount. Including, methods. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the balance is such that one step is slightly inclined. Plunge grinding at a different angle and the other stage is the surface against the grinder with sufficient lead to create fine scratches that are commensurate with the fine scratches created. Grinding in two stages, such as grinding while moving; Method. 6. In the method of claim 1, the counterbalance is formed by threading the threads by ordinary grinding. to create fine scratches in the form of threads, and to create diamonds in the opposite direction to offset the fine scratches in the form of threads. A method comprising making fine scratches with a mondo sharpening lead. 7. In the method according to claim 1, two equal diaphragms in mutually opposite directions are used. A method comprising transferring a sharpening lead to the surface by grinding. 8. Radial lip operation both at rest and when rotating in either direction. Substantially fluid and microscopically balanced when used as a contact surface to engage an oil seal In the method of manufacturing a cylindrical surface with The surface is smooth and balanced between clockwise and counterclockwise inclinations. forming the surface to include a latch; method including. 9. A method according to claim 8, in which the direction of the surface for grinding is determined in two steps. A method comprising grinding the surface in the two stages with inversion between them. 10. In the method according to claim 8, a diamond sharpening lead is provided in the grinding device. and then rotate the axis of rotation of the surface by 180° between two substantially identical grinding stages. A method that involves reversing. 11. In the method according to claim 8, a diamond sharpening lead is provided in the grinding device. and then moving the grinding device against the surface in the opposite direction of the lead. A method comprising grinding the surface with the apparatus. 12. Although it is inevitably not completely smooth due to minute scratches that give direction to the oil flow. , shaft processing that creates a smooth shaft surface even when magnified by 250x allows the shaft and radius to be In a method of reducing oil leakage between a lip and an oil seal, Number, size, and signature of the first set of fine scratches that create unidirectional oil flow the number, size, and number of minute scratches in the second set that create oil flow in the opposite direction. to substantially match the signature method including. 13. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein at least one of the sets of fine abrasions The marks are longitudinally aligned relative to a rotating grinding device substantially parallel to said axis. method of attaching by moving said axis to. 14. In the method of claim 13, both sets are processed in the same way, but only A method created by relative motion in mutually opposite directions. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein one of the sets is in contact with the surface. applied by contact with a second rotary grinding device slightly inclined; The inclined microscrats are caused by the relative longitudinal movement of the other set to create the microscrats. A method in which the wire is attached in the opposite direction to the direction in which it is made. 16. In the method of claim 12, the fine scratches on both sets are rotated. by contacting said surface with a rotating, relatively beveled rotary grinding surface. There are two such contact stages, one of which is made and carried out at an angle. A method in which the steps are opposite but substantially equal to the other step. 17. The method of claim 12, wherein at least one of the sets is finely rubbed. the marks are made by grinding with a grinder having a diamond sharpening lead; Method. 18. In the method of claim 17, the relative inclination directions of both sets are mutually A method in which both such sets are created in such a way that they are opposites. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the other set is conventionally ground by grinding. A method created by creating thread-like fine scratches. 20. The shaft is designed so that it makes leak-free contact with the oil seal regardless of the direction of rotation of the shaft. In an axis with bidirectional flow balance on the surface, It has a cylindrical shaft that is visually smooth and tactilely smooth even when magnified to 250x. creates two sets of fine scratches in mutually opposite directions that are substantially in flow balance with each other. have, shaft.