JPS61274652A - Substitute milk feed preparation - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Technical Field The present invention relates to an alternative milk feed preparation for raising young livestock, preferably calves, a method for producing the same, and an aqueous solution of said feed preparation for feeding young livestock, preferably calves. concerns how to raise calves.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Calves are commonly raised by feeding artificial milk substitute feed preparations in place of natural feed. The most important aspect of rearing is weaning, when the calf is separated from the cow and its mother's milk and removed from its natural environment. The digestive tract of a one to two week old calf is very sensitive due to its relatively undeveloped preposition and relatively low activity and production of digestive enzymes. Feed preparations generally consist of lean milk powder, fat mixtures, vitamins and other excipients. These feed preparations? 1 in warm water, stir well until complete dissolution to achieve a homogeneous mixture, and feed the calf with this mixture at a temperature of 68 to 40°C.

Another popular method for raising calves is to skim the milk and replace milk fat with other inexpensive plant and animal fats and vitamins. (The main part of fat-miscible vitamins is removed along with milk fat). In this way, the refill hole must be fed to the calf at a temperature of 68 to 40°C. This latter method is significantly more labor-intensive than feeding on feed preparations.

If the feed preparation is used for animal husbandry, it must be dissolved in warm water in a certain proportion in a suitable mixing device before each feeding. The warmer the water, the higher and better the rate of dissolution of the feed preparation. However, if the water temperature is too high (F1
55-60° C.), certain components of the feed preparation are irreversibly destroyed (eg vitamins are degraded). If the water temperature is too low, the dissolution will be very prolonged and slow and a homogeneous mixture cannot be obtained. Calf is 68~
They must be fed with this mixture at 40°C.

In order to increase the solubility of feed preparations, attempts have been made to achieve ready-made feed preparations, but these have been extremely expensive. After feeding the mixture to the calves (this job requires very high precision in order to maintain a very narrow temperature range), all equipment must be cleaned. Since calves are fed twice a day, the entire operation (melting, feeding, cleaning) must be done twice.

When using the skimmed milk method, more work steps are required, namely skimming the milk, processing the sweet cream separately, and adding the skimmed milk.
(low temperature killing), emulsification of fat mixture in skimmed milk, milk supply,
A step called cleaning must be carried out. Maintaining the temperature of the milk to be fed is just as important as when feeding with feed preparations.

This very narrow temperature range must be maintained to avoid calves from disease. It is known that if the temperature is reduced by 106C, the rate of a chemical reaction generally decreases by 50%. If alternative milk feed preparations are fed at a temperature of 20°C instead of 40°C, they will be present in the calf's gastrointestinal tract, primarily in the abomasum (
The coagulation time of milk in the true stomach) increases significantly. This method has a very disadvantageous effect on the calf, since the feed is not digested in the stomach and the uncoagulated milk passes into the intestines, where as a result of an undesirable fermentation process a shoulder toxin is formed. This is because that. Toxins produced by Col strains that grow in the intestines can cause death in calves. This process can be observed by lowering the temperature K of the milk substitute by even 1 to 2°C. The milk replacer must therefore be supplied strictly at a temperature of 68 to 40°C. It has been observed that when skimmed milk is inoculated with a bacterial culture that causes coagulation of the milk within one day and the animals are fed this coagulated milk, they do not become ill.

This milk supply, which had a lower temperature than the desired fj temperature, did not cause diarrhea. However, this method was extremely labor-intensive and did not become widely available.

Step? :/ (Stepmann) (197
8), Daenick θ et al. (1980)
and Chi JIF: 1 ((zako) et al. (1966
reported on the positive effects of feeding acid-treated milk.

These observations indicate that if the quality and amount of acid is chosen favorably, the acid will "digest" proteins and carbohydrates. In this way, the hydrolytic effect of digestive enzymes is high even if their activity or abundance is low. In this case, the contents of the abomasum are optimal for protein digestion.
In contrast, the uncoagulated milk (its P'1 is about 7) cannot pass into the intestines, reducing the possibility of undesirable fermentation processes occurring.

The feeding of milk replacer feed preparations that have been treated with acid during production is recommended by procedures from containers that allow the animals to access the feed whenever they desire. According to Denike et al. (1980), the labor requirements of this method are approximately half that of warm alternative hole rearing. However, since substitute holes are provided at will, the consumption of substitute holes can be doubled.

To avoid a significant increase in feed prices, the following solutions have been painstakingly achieved to replace the low-fat milk powder in knee replacement milk feed formulations with cheaper substances (soy, whey powder, fishmeal, etc.). replace. In this case, for example, the soybean must be processed in a suitable manner, it must be hydrolyzed and the proteins must be isolated, which requires expensive equipment and the cost of finishing is high. Become. When whey powder is used as a ceremonial product, the whey must be dried, which is a very energy-intensive process since the dry matter content of whey is very low.

- Using an automatic feeding device controlled by a congeal kneader. However, the operation of such devices is very complex and therefore prone to failures, and the devices themselves are very expensive. If a large dairy farm requires more equipment, the cost will of course be doubled.

The purpose of the present invention was to provide a method for training young livestock. This method has the advantage of using a commonly used alternative feed preparation system, yet is simpler, less likely to make mistakes, the work is better organized, and requires fewer and less training. It can be carried out by employees who have not received the test. It was also necessary to take into account that this method can be used when young animals are kept in separate cages and that it does not require expensive equipment.

In the first stage, an attempt was made to feed the calves once a day with a warm milk replacer feed preparation solution.

Although this method was advantageous from the point of view of organization of work and cost, it did not achieve the expected weight gain.

Cold milk replacer feed preparation solution could be successfully fed if it was given ad libitum in small quantities and allowed to warm and solidify in the helmet. In this case, the feed is "empty"
Proceeding to the abomasum, the cold liquid did not make the calf sick. This method could not be considered satisfactory from the point of view of cost and organization of work.

The next experiment was carried out by Th1kett et al. (19
(1983), except that instead of ad libitum feeding, a limited amount of acidified milk replacer feed preparation solution was provided at the end of the feeding period. The experiment was repeated by feeding 6-4 day old calves a cold acidified milk replacer feed preparation twice a day.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The alternative milk feed preparation according to the invention comprises 1 to 5 N% of organic and/or inorganic acids or mixtures of acids and/or preservatives, preferably an alternative milk feed preparation. 6% by weight of M mechanical acid mixed with 1 amount of material? ! It is better to include l.

According to the method for producing a feed preparation as described above, the alternative milk feed preparation or its components may be prepared from 1 to 5% by weight of an organic acid and/or an inorganic acid(s) or a mixture of seven and/or
Preservatives, preferably mixed with an organic acid admixture of 3]In% calculated relative to the weight of the alternative dairy feed preparation, and in the latter case pre-treatment ingredients mixed with other ingredients of the feed preparation. do.

dissolving the feed preparation in water at a temperature of 10 to 60°C;
The 5 to 25% solution thus obtained is administered to young animals at room temperature without warming, but at a temperature of at least 10°C, once to three times, preferably twice a day. 10! ◇ DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION As organic acids, optionally substituted mono- or dicarboxylic acids bearing 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms may be used. can. The carboxylic acid may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms, hydroxyl groups, or amino groups. Preferred organic acids are formic acid, fumaric acid, citric acid and acetic acid. Formic acid is most preferred. Preferably, mixtures of organic acids are used.

Examples of inorganic acids that can be used include hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, and sulfuric acid. Hydrochloric acid is most preferred. Inorganic acids are preferably used in combination with one or more organic acids.

The acid is used in an amount of 1 to 5%, preferably 6% by weight, calculated on the alternative feed additive.

In some cases, they may be used with preservatives,
Preservatives can also be substituted. An example of a preservative is butylated hydroxytoluene.

The substitute milk feed preparation may be of any type commonly used in practice. This product includes low-fat milk powder and/or soybean powder and/or whey powder and/or
It can consist of fishmeal [vegetable and/or animal fat, male cumin, optionally supplemented with premixes and other excipients].

It may also contain antibiotics and aromatic substances that make the preparation attractive to animals.

Feed formulations can be prepared by incorporating acids and/or preservatives into ready-made feed formulations. The inventors also believe that acids and/or preservatives can be used as selected ingredients (
It is also possible to proceed by incorporating the components thus treated into other components of alternative feed additives or into feed additives.

The acid and/or preservative in liquid state may be applied by spraying onto the entire feed preparation in solid state, after which the mixture must be homogenized.

If acids and/or preservatives are incorporated into selected ingredients of alternative dairy feed formulations, liquid and/or solid acids and/or preservatives may simply be incorporated into the ingredients (e.g., soybean). ). In this case, there are no substances (eg, lactose) present in the mixture that might cause the product to clump due to moisture or recrystallization. Components treated in this way can be mixed into other components.

The substitute milk feed 'fA product thus prepared can be cured in water at a temperature of 10 to 60° C. in a conventional mixer.

The concentration of the replacement pore solution is 5 to 25% by weight.

That is, Solution IIcg must contain 0.05 to 0.25 # of milk replacer feed preparation. The temperature of the alternative pore bath to be given to young animals may be from 10 to 45°C, and in practice is from 15 to 25°C. Feeding young animals with solutions at elevated temperatures, up to 40-42° C., is highly favorable from an animal hygiene point of view, ie the number of cases of spontaneous diarrhea is reduced.

Even after a period of feeding with colostrum (from 3 to 7 days after birth 9.)
Experiments have demonstrated that calves can be fed with an acidified cold alternative feed composition.

A limited eagle alternative pore feed composition was fed to young animals from three to three times per day, preferably twice.

During the 50-day feeding period, the young animals gained a large amount of weight (
700 to 800 g/day). The acidified feed formulation solution could be stored for 3 days in an acid-resistant container under suitable sanitary conditions. The stock solution must be stirred practically twice a day. In this way, the solution must be prepared once every 6 days.

This solution can be given to young animals, preferably calves, 60 days old, practically 5 to 7 days old, for 30 to 100 days, practically 45 to 60 days. Feed the calf 3 to 10, in practice 4 to 6, of the solution per day.

This method of raising animals can be successfully used for raising other young livestock, preferably lambs and piglets.

Example 1 The following composition: Milk powder with low fat content 56.0 wt. 5 Sweet whey powder 14.0% soybean flour
5.0% feed fat
16.6% vegetable phosphatide
0.8% sunflower oil 1.
6% Maltodextrin 8.0% Premix (vitamins and antibiotics) 1.0% Total 100.
Calves were fed on a milk replacer feed formulation with 0%.

The above feed preparation consists of incorporating concentrated whey, fat mixture (feed fat, vegetable phosphati P1 sunflower oil, and butylated hydroxytoluene antioxidant), soybean flour, maltodextrin and premix into concentrated milk (60°C);
The mixture was then prepared by spray drying.

Then, 1.8% by weight of 7 malic acid and 1.2% of 85.0% formic acid.
% by weight were mixed in a countercurrent mixer. Formic acid was applied to the feed preparation by spraying, after which the mixture was stirred and flavored with vanillin aroma.

A breeding experiment was conducted in the cattle section of a large farm. Replacement pore solution was applied at a rate of 6 l/day for 50 days from 8 days after birth, and then 41 g for 1 week.
The calves were fed a 7 day dose. This dose was divided into two parts, one given to the calves in the morning while the other in the evening. Alternative pore solution 1! contained 100I of feed preparation.

A replacement pore solution was prepared by dissolving the feed formulation in drinking water at a temperature of about 15°C to create a stock solution with a concentration of about 60% by weight. The dissolved feed preparation was poured into a storage tank after a short stirring (2 to 3 minutes) where more water was added and the mixture was stirred again before being capped. The replacement pore solution thus prepared could be used for 6 days, but was stirred and stirred twice a day. Calves were fed from plastic buckets, which were cleaned after each feeding.

Example 2 Two compositions (wt%) fed to calves with the following feed formulations:
) ■ Kawa It IV V low fat milk powder
70 75 - 40 60 Sweet Whey Powder -75723L6 Soybean Flour
---6 Soybean hydrolyzate
---10-Isolated soy protein --18-
- Maltodextrin 3245 - Mixture of vegetable and animal fats 22 12 17 18 1
4 Premix 21 1 1
1ji# Acid 22111 Fumaric acid 11122 Citric acid
--1-- The above milk replacer feed preparation was fed to calves from 3 days after birth. Calves drank room temperature alternative pore solution from a bucket. In other cases, the alternative milk bath solution was warmed at -69°C. In some cases, the concentration of the feed preparation was determined at t-20% by weight, and this solution was fed once a day. In this way the weight gain of the calves was somewhat delayed.

The advantages of the composition and method according to the invention are that knee calves can be fed within a short period of time (7 to 8 weeks) to weaning by feeding them with a milk replacer feed preparation solution. Under optimal conditions the consumption of feed preparation is 25 passes/head. Satisfactory growth of body weight is 600 to 8009/day. All the advantages associated with the use of conventional alternative forage compositions were achieved.

- Significant savings in working time can be achieved since the feed preparation does not have to be dissolved before each feeding and the containers do not have to be cleaned.

It is possible to modify the work structure on a single-calf farm. The day shift can accomplish cleaning, selection, dissolving feed preparations, feeding, feeding, and other tasks, while the second shift (which can be reduced to one or two people) takes care of the calves. I have to satisfy myself only with drinking.

No investment is required for the application of the Act.

-Techniques are simple and easy to learn.

- Eliminates the most sensitive step of the prior art, namely the drinking of the solution at 68 to 40°C and the regulation of this temperature.

There is less chance of making a mistake.

- The number of diseases caused by incorrect breeding is reduced.

Claims (10)

[Claims] (1) 1 to 5 calculated relative to the weight of the milk replacer feed preparation;
% by weight of organic or inorganic acids or mixtures thereof and (
or) an alternative milk feed preparation, characterized in that it contains a preservative, preferably 3% by weight of an organic acid mixture. (2) An alternative milk feed preparation according to claim 1, comprising as organic acid an optionally substituted mono- or dicarboxylic acid having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms. (3) Claim 1 or 2 contains fumaric acid, formic acid, citric acid, acetic acid, or a mixture thereof as the organic acid.
Alternative milk feed preparations as described in Section. (4) The alternative feed preparation according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which contains hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid as the inorganic acid. (5) In the process for producing acidic milk replacer feed preparations, from 1 to 5% by weight of organic or inorganic acids or mixtures thereof and/or preservatives, preferably 3% by weight, calculated relative to the weight of the replacer milk feed preparation. % by weight of the organic acid mixture into the ready feed preparation or its ingredients, and in the latter case the ingredients thus treated are mixed into the other ingredients of the feed preparation. Method. 6. A method according to claim 5, comprising applying the acid and/or preservative to the feed composition or its components by spraying. (7) In feeding methods for young livestock, from 1 to 5% by weight of organic or inorganic acids or mixtures thereof and/or preservatives, preferably 3% by weight, calculated on the weight of the alternative milk feed preparation. 1 of alternative milk feed preparations containing organic acid mixtures
A method for feeding young livestock, preferably calves, with an alternative milk feed preparation solution, characterized in that the young animals are fed in a 5 to 25% aqueous solution with a temperature of 0 to 42°C. (8) The method according to claim 7, which comprises administering the solution to the young animal once to three times, preferably twice, a day. (9) A method according to claim 7 or claim 8, comprising administering the solution to the young animal at a dose of 3 to 10 l/day, preferably 4 to 6 l/day. (10) Claims 7 to 9 consist of feeding a young animal with a solution having a temperature of 38 to 42°C.
The method described in any one of paragraphs.