HU196033B - Method for breeding calves and producing food-preparation suitable for this - Google Patents

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a process for the production of milk-based infant formulas by the addition of whey, soy products, fats and other additives used in infant formulas as required, and the use of milk-based infant formulas for rearing calves.

A number of difficulties in raising calves with milk replacer during lactation are known. These difficulties can be attributed to the primitive nature of the digestive apparatus, the underdevelopment of the prostate and the low production and activity of digestive enzymes.

If it is not possible to store the milk chilled and the drinking of fresh milk cannot be solved, the milk - eg. with acetic acid, hydrochloric acid - to be acidified (Cattle Breeders' Manual 1979, p. 450). It is not necessary to drink coagulated milk when in udder warm condition. A major disadvantage is that the milk has to be acidified before drinking at the plant. Due to the difficulties of this method, the method could not spread in practice.

Drinking acid-treated milk has had a favorable result (Stolpmann, Kraftfutter, 1978, No. 9, Vol. 61, pp. 452-458, Daenicke et al., Dér Tierzüchter, 1980).

5, p. 202-204, Czakó et al: Animal Breeding, Bp.

1966, Tom. 15., No. 3, pp.223-229J When sour milk is soured, the acid will approximately digest proteins and carbohydrates. In the fly mode, digestive enzymes have a higher hydrolytic effect even at lower power and activity, and the pH of the gut contents approximates the optimum level of gut protein degradation. This prevents the milk from entering the small intestine from coagulating, almost neutral, and reduces the possibility of harmful decomposition processes.

During production, acid-treated infant formulas are generally recommended for ad libitum watering from a reservoir, as labor intensive work is half of that of conventional, hot-watered infant formulas. However, in ancient times, the consumption of infant formulas increased significantly - up to twice. One of the methods used to prevent this is to replace skimmed milk powder with cheaper materials' - pL soy, whey powder, fishmeal. However, this requires expensive processing of these materials with expensive equipment. The soy must be hydrolyzed and its protein content isolated, and the very low solids sweetener must be dried. Finally, automatic computerized control of the drinking device can be used. In a larger cattle farm, several parallel lines of these technologies may be required; cost requirements hinder the spread of the method.

After complex and precise watering, the entire unit requires thorough cleaning and washing, which must be done every time after several daily watering

Raising skimmed milk requires even more work because it requires more operations: milk skimming, separate treatment of the cream, heating, pasteurizing the skimmed milk, emulsifying the mixture of skimmed milk. Watering should be done at exactly the prescribed temperature of 36-38'C; eventually you have to do the dishes.

The strict adherence to the prescribed watering temperature of 36-38 ° C is required because the rate of chemical reaction decreases rapidly, e.g. Half - decreases with 10 ° C. Because of this, lower - e.g. When water is fed at a temperature of 20 ° C instead of 40 ° C, the clotting time in the digestive tract of the calf, in particular in the inoculum stomach, is multiplied by several times, the digestion of the food into non-physiological clot feeds. Here, harmful fermentation processes take place and toxic substances are formed. Toxins from the multiplying potassium strains cause the death of the animals. This harmful process occurs even when the temperature drops by 1-2 ° C.

There are several variants of milk supplements for young pets. Such a milk replacer composition (WO 84/01491-PCT) for the feeding of simple or complex gastric animals prior to weaning is obtained from milk or milk. obtained from dairy by-products, cf. The essence is that after partial lactose depletion it contains a minimal amount of lactose as well as glucose and galactose.

It is known to produce "soy milk" by wet acid treatment of soybeans (US 4,389,425), which provides a milk-like but non-milk-based milk replacement fluid. It is also known to provide whey-based milk formulas which contain mostly whey and older skimmed milk, i.e., it is not a milk-based formula (US 4,446,164).

Advanced milk substitutes for lactating animals, in particular calves, containing casein (AT 361.768) containing up to 15% by weight of ash and 70% by weight of water and at least 17% by weight of protein and 9% of fat; the prf of its tenth normal solution is 4.5-3.9; It contains 1.2 to 2 times the calcium content of phosphorus and contains organic acid with a preservative effect. In the preparation of the composition, the coagulation of casein is prevented by the use of an acidic value of.

In the known methods, the formulas should only be mixed with water just prior to drinking, and the liquid should not be stored from one beverage to another, even after cooling. If it is not possible to store the milk refrigerated, it must be pasteurized with suitable equipment before drinking. In the absence of these, the milk must be boiled, which, in addition to its complexity, also reduces its biological value. Milk supplements must be homogenized at 50-55 ° C with effective mixing and special machines because if the fat content does not form a perfect emulsion it can cause digestive disorders and diarrhea. The nutrient solution should be watered at 36-38 ° C.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to provide a dairy-based acidified calf rearing formula which is to be diluted in the farm for use only, does not require any equipment to be stored and drinkable in the cold.

In our studies on calf rearing, several known methods were unsuccessfully tested. Thus, once daily warm boiling of traditional milk-substitute boyish formula, although satisfactory in terms of work organization and cost, did not result in the expected weight gain. Then we tried to drink the traditional formula cold but it was not harmful to the animals if the animals were given ad libitum and only a small amount was taken at a time. This is because the smaller doses in the stomach quickly became warm and coagulated. This method was unsatisfactory in terms of work organization and cost.

Finally, successful experiments were conducted with cold sa-21

196,033 oily infusions with a limited daily drink twice daily. The formula was prepared by mixing the dairy by-products in their original liquid state and concentrating the mixture by spray drying to form a powdered solid formula. This method has resulted in significant energy savings compared to separately concentrating low solids components.

In parallel with the milking of the milk supplement, the calves were fed with starter feed and calf charcoal. In our experiments, we have discovered that the combined use of drinking milk and milk-based dairy-based infant formula and feeding with solid feed results in a more effective method of calf development and weight gain than any hitherto known method of rearing calves. The calves participating in the experiments, fed with colostrum from 3-8 days of age and fed for 50 days, gained 0.7-0.8 ke daily weight gain and did not die.

The process for preparing the formula is intended to include feed fat or a mixture of fats and oils in skimmed milk or concentrated milk at a temperature of not more than 65 ° C, and organic or non-organic ingredients. mixing the inorganic acid, preferably spray-drying the mixture, before or after drying, optionally sweetening salt, soy and so on. antibiotics, and after drying, if necessary, additional organic or stirring the inorganic acid.

The ingredients are added in an amount such that the formula contains 50-80% by weight of skimmed milk powder, 0-25% by weight of sweet whey powder, 0-20% by weight of soy flour, soy hydrolyzate and so on. soy protein, 10-26% by weight of feed fat, 1.5% by weight of acid, 0-10% by weight of maltodextrin and up to 5% by weight of vitamins or antibiotics. The organic acid is 85% by weight of formic acid, fumaric acid, and the like. citric acid.

The essence of the boar rearing process is to prepare drinking juice from 5 to 25% by weight of milk-based formula and 75 to 95% by weight of drinking water, or by diluting a maximum of 35% by weight of the formula with a drinking water of not more than 3 days. The broth is drunk with the boys on a daily basis and with solid feed, preferably starter feed or water, in addition to watering. fed charcoal. At an ambient drinking temperature of at least 10 ° C, calves are at least 3 days old, preferably 5 to 8 days old, 30 to 100 days old, preferably 45 to 60 days old, 1 to 3 times daily, 3 to 10 liters daily, preferably 4 to 6 liters. , watered down in quantity over time.

The process according to the invention is exemplary! In its embodiment, dairy-based dairy formula is prepared by adding sweetened salt, soy flour, feed fat, vegetable phosphatide, sunflower oil, maltodextrin, and vitamin and antibiotic to a skimmed milk concentrate at 60 ° C.

Mix Eremix in an amount such that the powder-dried premixture has the following composition _: Skimmed milk powder Whey powder soybean meal

55.5% by weight

13.6% by weight 5.0% by weight feedlot 13.5% by weight vegetable phosphatide 0.8% by weight sunflower oil '1.6% by weight maltodextrin 7.8 break vitamin and antibiotic 1.0% by weight formic acid (85% by weight) 1.2% by weight %

100.0% by weight

To this powder, fumaric acid is mixed in a countercurrent mixer and finally the mixture is perfumed with vanilla aroma. Composition of the mixture thus obtained: premix 98.2% by weight fumaric acid 1.8% by weight

100.0 wt

The resulting formula and mains water are prepared at 30% w / v at ambient temperature and repeated every 3 days. The stock solution is stored in an acid-proof container and stirred twice daily by hand. No mixing equipment required.

Prior to drinking, 10% by weight of the stock solution and tap water was made from the stock solution. The calves were 8 days old at the onset of milking with a milk substitute drink and watered at 6 liters daily for 5 weeks, followed by 4 liters daily for a further 3 weeks, watered in the morning and in the evening. Watering was done in a plastic bucket. In addition to watering, the calves were fed ad libitum starter feed and calf charcoal.

The watering experiment involved 15 calves and their average daily gain was 770 g. During the experimental period no disease occurred between the animals.

Further experiments were carried out on calves from 3 days of age with the following formulations:

Composition weight%

I. Π. Π1. ARC. V

0.5

0,4 skimmed milk powder 70 80 55 50 60 sweetened powder - - 13 23 6 soya meal - ...... 6 soya hydrolyzate - - - 10 isolated soya protein - - 18 maltodextrin 3 2 animal and vegetable fat mixtures 22 13 10 vitamins and antibiotics 2 11 Formic acid (85% by weight) 2 2 1 Fumaric acid 12 1 Citric acid - - 1 - Hydrochloric acid ...... θ, 6 Locust bean meal - - - 0,5 Concentrates of the aforementioned beverages 10, Sitting 20% by weight - os, at the temperature of the mains drinking water. Weight gain was 700-800 g / day; no disease occurred in the animals.

The main advantages of the calf rearing method according to the invention can be summarized in that the animals can be raised up to weaning in a short watering time of 7-8 heat and a total body weight gain of 700-800 g / day can be achieved with 25 kg total nutrient intake.

This procedure can save you significant working time by failing to drink at every drink! formula preparation and washing. This allows for a one-shift work arrangement, with just one shift on duty. The organization of public holidays is significantly simplified by the use of your pre-made distortions.

196 033

The process requires no investment, is simple and easy to learn. The leanest and most delicate part of the conventional method, the precise observance and control of the drinker's 36-38 L temperature, is missing. Finally, the possibility of drinking failure and the number of illnesses caused by feeding error are reduced.

Claims (4)

Dilute the drinking fluid from the milk-based formula and from 75 to 95% by weight of drinking water prepared according to claim 1 or 2, or up to six times the amount of the stock data of up to 35% by weight, with drinking water and calves daily. in addition to watering, solid feed, preferably starter feed and / or charcoal. 1. A process for producing dairy-based calf rearing formulas with the addition of sweetened whey, soy products, fats and other additives used in the formulas as required, characterized in that the skimmed milk, sit, milk concentrate, feed fat or a mixture of fats and oils and and / or inorganic acid is mixed and the mixture is dried, preferably by spraying, before or after drying, optionally sweetening salt, soy and so on. soy product, vitamins and / or antibiotics and, after drying, optionally additional organic and / or inorganic acid, wherein the ingredients are added in an amount such that 50-80% by weight of skimmed milk powder, 0-25% by weight of sweetened powder, 0- 20% by weight of soy flour and / or soy hydrolyzate and / or soy protein, 10-26% by weight of feed fat, 1-5% by weight of acid, 0-10 5% by weight of maltodextrin and up to 5% by weight of vitamins and / or antibiotics. 2. The method of claim 1, azzaljel1 emezve in that a 85 wt% solution of formic acid and / or fumaric acid and / or ₁ «organic acid is citric acid. ' ^υ 3, A method for rearing boqak, wherein 5-4% by weight of the broth is produced, The process of claim 3, wherein said process is 120 liters. wherein, at ambient temperatures of at least 10 ° C, calves are at least 3 days of age, preferably 5 to 8 days, and 30 to 100 days, preferably 45 to 60 days, 1 to 3, 3 to 10, We drink 6 liters, decreasing over time.