JPS6126813A - Deviation measuring instrument and measuring instrument for deviation and distance - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To simplify the structure of the instrument and to reduce its size by fixing the 1st and the 2nd photodetection plates to an object of measurement in parallel at specific distance from each other, and measuring the position shift and angle deviation of the object of measurement on the basis of detection signals of said photodetection plates. CONSTITUTION:The 1st and the 2nd photodetection plates 10 and 11 output detection signals corresponding to irradiation positions of a light beam 3 respectively, the those detection signals are inputted to a computing element 14 through temperature compensating circuits 12a and 12b and amplifiers 13a and 13b respectively. This computing element 14 measures the position shift and angle deviation of the object 14 of measurement on the basis of said detection signals and they are displayed on respective indication parts 15-18. Consequently, the structure is simplified and reduced in size and troubles are reduced because there is no movable part.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Field of Application] The present invention is applicable to the detection of deviations of objects to be measured, such as tunnel excavators, buildings, and laid objects, and the distance between the objects to be measured and predetermined points (reference points). The present invention relates to a measuring device for measuring distance.

[Prior Art] Conventionally, a device as shown in FIG. 4 is known as a device for measuring how far a tunnel excavator itself deviates from a predetermined position. In the device shown in FIG. 4, a light beam (
Target box (5) fixed to the excavator (4)
), and this irradiated light spot is illuminated by a CCD (charge coupled d) from behind.
evice) camera (7), this detection signal is input to the x-y tracker, the position of the irradiation light spot is measured by this
4) Measure the positional deviation.

However, with the device shown in Fig. 4, although it is possible to measure the positional deviation of the excavator (4) with respect to the axis of the light beam (3), it is possible to measure the azimuth, which is the left and right angular deviation in the horizontal plane, and the vertical and vertical deviations in the vertical plane. It is not possible to measure the pitch angle (that is, the elevation angle), which is the angular deviation of the pitch angle. Therefore, in order to measure the azimuth angle and pitch angle, it was necessary to take measures as shown in FIG. 5 or 6. That is, the fifth
In the device shown in the figure, the target box (5) is slidably mounted on the excavator (4) by means of a sliding cylinder (23), at a point A and a distance Q from this point A. The position of the irradiation light point of the light beam (3) on the target (6) is measured at two locations, including the distant point B. And measurement data and distance Q between points A and B.

and the positional deviation of the excavator (4) with respect to the beam (3) axis,
Calculate azimuth and pitch angles.

In addition, in the apparatus shown in Fig. 6, two different excavators (4) are used.
Target boxes (5a) (sb) are fixedly installed at certain positions, the light beam (3) is divided into reflected light and transmitted light by a half mirror (8a), and this transmitted light is sent to one of the target boxes (
After the reflected light is reflected by a mirror (8b), it is irradiated onto a target (6b) in the other target box (5b).

Then, the position of the irradiation light spot of the light beam (3) on each target (6a,) (6b) is measured, and the positional deviation, azimuth angle, and pitch angle are calculated from these two sets of measurement data.

[Problems to be solved by the invention] The conventional device shown in FIG.
), the sliding cylinder (23)
There are problems in that not only is it necessary to provide a device, but also it is necessary to enlarge the space inside the excavator (4) for installing the device.

Furthermore, the conventional device shown in Fig. 6 not only requires the provision of two target boxes (5a) (5b), but also requires a larger space inside the excavator (4) for installing the device, as described above. There were some problems.

[Means for Solving the Problems] The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and the first invention is to receive a light beam projected from a reference point, transmit a part of it, and adjust the light receiving position. a first light-receiving plate that outputs a detection signal in accordance with the first light-receiving plate; and a first light-receiving plate that is provided at a position a predetermined distance backward from the first light-receiving plate and receives the transmitted light beam;
and a second light-receiving plate that outputs a detection signal according to the light-receiving position is fixed to the object to be measured, and the positional deviation of the object to be measured with respect to the beam axis is determined based on the detection signals of the first and second light-receiving plates. The present invention also relates to a displacement measuring device characterized in that it measures angular displacement. Furthermore, a second invention provides a light wave range finder equipped with a light wave transmitter and a light wave receiver at the base wall point of the first invention, and a light beam emitted from the light wave transmitter of the light wave range finder is directed to the measurement target. The light is sequentially received by the first and second light receiving plates fixed to the object, and then a part of the received light is reflected by the reflection part fixed to the object to be measured, and this reflected light is converted into a light wave of the light wave rangefinder. By receiving light at the receiver, in addition to positional and angular deviations of the object to be measured, is there also a difference in the distance between the reference point and the object? The present invention relates to a displacement and distance measuring device which is adapted to measure 1i11.

[Operation] Based on the detection signals of the first light receiving plate and the second light receiving plate, the positional deviation in the horizontal and vertical directions with respect to the optical axis of the object to be measured at the points where the first light receiving plate and the second light receiving plate are fixed is measured. Furthermore, the positional deviation data at each point, the first and second
By calculating based on the distance between the light receiving plates, the angular deviation such as the azimuth angle and pitch angle of the object to be measured with respect to the beam axis is measured. Furthermore, the distance between the reference point and the object to be measured is measured using a light wave range finder.

[Embodiment] FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the first invention, and the same parts as in FIGS. 4 to 6 are given the same reference numerals.

In Figure 1, (1) is the reference point, and this reference point (1)
A light beam transmitter (2) that emits a light beam (3) such as a laser beam or an infrared beam is fixedly installed. (4) is an excavator as the object to be measured, and a space (9) formed in this excavator (4) has a first light receiving plate (10) and a second light receiving plate (
11) are fixed in parallel at a predetermined distance Ω0 apart. The first and second light receiving plates (10) (1, 1) are formed by forming a matrix transparent electrode on a synthetic polymer pyroelectric film plate such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF),
When an arbitrary point (x, y) on the surface coordinate X-Y axis is irradiated with a light beam, a detection signal corresponding to the light receiving position (x, y) is output. The first and second light-receiving plates (10) (], ],) have their surface coordinate axes - the center (O7) (02) as the axis of the light beam (3) emitted from the light beam transmitter (2). are arranged to match. Further, the first light receiving plate (10) is configured to transmit a portion of the received light beam.

A temperature compensation circuit (1, 2a) (], ]b) for compensating for changes in characteristics due to ambient temperature is connected to the output side of each of the first and second light receiving plates (10) (11),
The output sides of the temperature compensation circuits (12a) (], ]b) are coupled to the input side of the arithmetic unit (14) via amplifiers (] ]a) (], ]b), respectively. On the output side of the arithmetic unit (14), there is a two-down displacement indicator (15) for indicating positional displacement in the vertical direction (Y-axis direction), and a horizontal direction (X-axis direction).
Left-right shift indicator (16) that indicates position shift (in the axial direction)
, an azimuth angle indicator (17) that indicates left and right angular deviation in the horizontal plane, and a pitch angle indicator (18) that indicates angular deviation (elevation angle) in the vertical plane. An inclinometer (not shown) is installed on the excavator (4) to measure the roll angle of the excavator (4), and based on this measurement data, the roll of the excavator (4) is corrected by manual or automatic control. .

Next, the operation of the embodiment of the first invention will be explained.

For convenience of explanation, a case where a positional shift and an angular shift occur in a horizontal plane as shown in FIG. 2 will be described.

The first and second light receiving plates (10) (11,) output detection signals corresponding to the irradiation position (x + , o) (X 2 , O) of the light beam (3), respectively, and these detection signals Temperature compensation circuits (12a) (12b) and amplifiers ('
13a) Input to the arithmetic unit (14) via (13b). Further, data corresponding to the predetermined distance Qo is inputted in advance to the arithmetic unit (14). (19) is the central axis of the excavator (4), and the intersection of this central axis (19) and the beam (3) axis is O, and the intersection angle is 0.

This intersection angle 0 represents the azimuth angle. Refer to Figure 2□−=draw n
Since D O , the azimuth angle 0 is given by θ = n'' - (1,) O .

A computation corresponding to this first equation is performed by the computing unit (14), and the azimuth angle indicator (17) indicates an azimuth angle of 0. Whether the direction of inclination is to the left or to the right in the traveling direction of the ray (3) axis is indicated by the arrow (for example, when 0 indicates 10, it indicates the left side, and when it indicates -, it indicates the right side). Further, by inputting data corresponding to a position of positional deviation to be specified to the calculator (14), the horizontal deviation at that position is specified by the horizontal deviation indicator (16). In other words, by inputting data corresponding to the installation point of the first or second light receiving plate (1, 0) (] ], ), the left/right deviation indicator (16) will indicate that the left/right deviation is X or x2. . In this case as well, whether the left-right shift is to the left or to the right with respect to the traveling direction of the ray (3) axis is indicated by the operator. Further excavator (/I)
It is also possible to indicate left-right deviation at any point (for example, the tip of the face) (20). That is, the first
The distance from the light receiving plate (10) to the tip of the face (20) is L, the positional deviation at the tip of the face (20) is X, and the intersection of the central axis (19) of the excavator (4) and the axis of the light beam (3) (
○) and the first light receiving plate (10) is Ql, then L
l = Q 1t, anB (2) x = (L
-Q 1 )tanθ (3) holds true, and the above (
2) From (3) and formula (1) above, the tip of the face (20)
The left-right positional deviation X in is given by XlX2x=L-x, (4) O.

A computation corresponding to this equation (4) is performed by the calculator (14), and the lateral deviation indicator (16) indicates that the lateral deviation at the tip (20) of the face of the excavator (4) is X.

Vertical deviation, which is a positional deviation in a vertical plane, and pitch angle, which is an angular deviation (elevation angle), are also measured in the same way as above, using a vertical deviation indicator (15) and a pitch angle indicator (18), respectively.
Directed by.

In addition, if a positional shift and an angular shift occur both in the horizontal plane and in the vertical plane, the first light receiving plate (10)
, the second light-receiving plate (II) is located at the light irradiation position (xt
+y1) (x2+y2), and each indicator (15) (16) (17) (18) detects the left/right shift, vertical shift, azimuth, and pitch of the excavator (4), respectively. Indicates the angle deviation of the corner.

FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of the second invention, and the same parts as in FIG. 1 are given the same reference numerals.

In Figure 3, (1) is the reference point, and this reference point (1)
A well-known light wave rangefinder (21) comprising a light wave transmitter (21a) that emits a laser beam, an infrared beam, etc. and a light wave receiver (21b) is fixedly installed. (4) is an excavator as the object to be measured, and the first and second light receiving plates (10) and (11) are disposed at a predetermined distance Q in a space formed inside the excavator (4). They are fixed apart and arranged side by side.

The first and second light-receiving plates (10) (11) have their surface coordinates such that the center (Ot) (02) of the X-Y axis is emitted from the light wave transmitter (21a) of the light wave range finder (21). The light beam (3) is arranged so as to coincide with the axis of the light beam (3). moreover,
The first and second light receiving plates (10) and (11) are configured to transmit a portion of the received light beam. Said second
The back side of the light receiving plate (11) reflects the transmitted light,
This reflected light is transmitted to the light wave receiver (2) of the light wave range finder (21).
A reflecting section (22) consisting of mirrors (22a) and (22b) is installed to allow input to the light source 1b). Temperature compensation circuits (12a) (12b) and amplifiers (1, 3
a) (13b) are combined and these amplifiers (13a
) (13b) is connected to the output side of the arithmetic unit (14). On the output side of the arithmetic unit (14), there is a vertical deviation,
Indicators (15), (16), (17), and (18) are coupled to indicate the left-right shift, azimuth angle, and pitch angle, respectively.

Next, the operation of the embodiment of the second invention will be explained. Assume that the excavator (4) has misaligned in position and angle. The light beam (3) emitted from the light wave transmitter (21a) of the light wave range finder (21) provided at the reference point (1) is transmitted to the first light receiving plate (1).
0), and the second light reception Fi (if) is sequentially received.

These first and second light receiving plates (10) and (11) each output a detection signal according to its irradiation position (Xl, yt) (X2+y2), and each indicator outputs a detection signal based on the stiffness detection signal. (15) (16) (17) (18) indicates the azimuth angle and pitch angle, which are the positional deviations of the excavator (4), such as horizontal deviation, vertical deviation, and angular deviation, respectively. Since this is the same as in the embodiment, the explanation will be omitted.

The light beam (3) transmitted through the second light receiving plate (11) is reflected by the reflection part (2).
2) is sequentially reflected by the mirrors (22a) and (22b),
The reflected light beam (3a) is used as a distance measurement signal by the light wave range finder (2).
1) is input to the light wave receiving section (21b). This distance measurement signal is phase-compared with a reference signal that is simultaneously emitted from the light wave transmitter (21a) and is input to the light wave receiver (21b) through a preset path, and is used as a reference signal based on the phase difference. The distance between point (1) and excavator (4) is calculated,
The distance is indicated by a distance indicator (23).

In the embodiment of the second invention, the reflecting part is provided on the back side of the second light receiving plate, but the present invention is not limited to this. A half mirror may be provided on the beam axis, and the light reflected by the half mirror may be input to the light wave receiving section of the light wave range finder. In this case, the second light receiving plate does not need to have a function of transmitting light.

In each of the embodiments of the first and second inventions, an excavator is used as an example of the object to be measured, and the positional deviation and angular deviation of the excavator and the distance from the reference point are measured, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the object to be measured is a laid structure or railway track, and the displacement of the laid structure due to subsidence or uplift, the displacement of the track during grouting for ground improvement work of the track foundation, and the distance from the reference point are measured. Of course, it can be used for

[Effects of the Invention] As described above, the first invention is capable of fixing the first and second light-receiving plates in parallel to the object to be measured with a predetermined distance apart, and measuring based on the detection signals of the first and second light-receiving plates. Since the device is configured to measure positional and angular deviations of the object, the structure is simpler and smaller than conventional devices, and since there are no moving parts, there are advantages such as a low failure rate.

In addition to the configuration of the first invention, the second invention includes a light wave range finder installed at a reference point, and a light wave transmitter of the light wave range finder that emits light beams projected onto the first and second light receiving plates. Since the structure is such that a reflecting part is installed on the object to be measured, and also serves as a reflecting part for inputting a part of the light emitted from the light wave transmitting part of the light wave rangefinder to the light wave receiving part, the first aspect of the present invention described above is Besides the advantages,
Not only can it measure the distance between the reference point and the object to be measured, but it also serves as the light source of the light beam projected to measure positional and angular deviations, as well as the light wave transmitter of a light wave rangefinder for measuring distance. Therefore, the structure of the device becomes simpler and extremely economical. Further, in the case of an excavator, in addition to measuring positional deviation and angular deviation, it is often required to measure the distance from a reference point to the excavator, so the second invention is particularly effective in such cases. .

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a configuration diagram showing an embodiment of the deviation measuring device according to the first invention, Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of the main part of Fig. 1 when the excavator (object to be measured) is displaced, and Fig. 3 is A configuration diagram showing an embodiment of a deviation and distance measuring device according to the second invention,
FIG. 4, FIG. 5, and FIG. 6 are configuration diagrams showing conventional examples, respectively. (1)...Reference point, (2)...Light beam transmitter, (3)
...Light beam (axis), (4)...Excavator (object to be measured)
, (10)...First light receiving plate, (11)...Second light receiving plate, (21)...Light wave range finder, (21a)...Light wave transmitter, (21b)... Light wave receiving section, (22)...
Reflector. Applicant Tobu Denki Kogyo Co., Ltd. Procedural amendment (White side November 5, 1981 Patent Application No. 148384 2, Invention name deviation measuring device and deviation and distance measuring device 3, Person making the amendment Relationship to the case Patent applicant address: 5-25-4 Ikegami, Ota-ku, Tokyo Name: Tobu Electric Industry Co., Ltd. Representative: Hiroshi Otsuka 4, agent address: 1-5-3-7 Hirakawacho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo , Specification to be amended Regarding the invention of the present application, the specification is amended as follows. Note 1: The scope of claims is amended as follows: ``(1) Receiving a light beam projected from a reference point. a first light-receiving plate that transmits a part of the light beam and outputs a detection signal according to the light-receiving position; A second light-receiving plate that outputs a detection signal according to the light-receiving position is fixed to the object to be measured, and based on the detection signals of the first and second light-receiving plates, the positional deviation of the object to be measured with respect to the beam axis and A displacement measuring device characterized in that it measures angular displacement.(2) The first and second light receiving plates are made of transparent synthetic polymer pyroelectric film plates with matrix micropoles. Measuring device. (3) A light wave range finder equipped with a light wave transmitter and a light wave receiver is installed at a reference point, and a light beam emitted from the light wave transmitter of the light wave range finder is received and a part of it is a first light receiving plate that transmits the light and outputs a detection signal according to the light receiving position;
a second light receiving plate that is provided at a predetermined distance behind the first light receiving plate, receives the transmitted light beam, and outputs a detection signal according to the light receiving position; and a light wave transmitter of the light wave range finder. A reflecting part that reflects a part of the light emitted from the light wave rangefinder and inputs it to the light wave receiving part of the light wave range finder is fixed to the object to be measured, and based on the detection signals of the first and second light receiving plates, A displacement and distance measuring device, characterized in that the positional and angular displacement of the object to be measured with respect to the beam axis is measured, and the distance between the reference point and the object to be measured is measured by the light wave range finder. . (4) The displacement and distance measuring device according to claim 3, wherein the first and second light receiving plates are transparent synthetic polymer pyroelectric film plates with matrix U poles. (5) The second light-receiving plate is formed by transmitting a part of the light beam that has passed through the first light-receiving plate, and the reflecting part is formed by reflecting the light beam that has passed through the second light-receiving plate. The deviation and distance measuring device according to item 4. 2. In the 14th line of page 7 of the specification, the phrase "light ray (3)" is corrected to "pulsed light ray (3)." 3. In the last line of page 7 of the specification, the phrase "composite height such as" is corrected to "transparent composite height such as." 4. In the first line of page 8 of the specification, the phrase ``r transparent electrode'' should be corrected to ``electrode.'' 5. On page 12, line 12 of the specification, it says "fire etc." [Emits a pulsed beam of light such as]" and correct it. 6. Insert the following sentence between page 15, line 11 and line 12 of the specification. "In addition, the temperature compensation circuits (12a) (12b) connected to the respective output sides of the first and second light receiving plates (io) (il)
) can be omitted. ” Procedural amendment (voluntary) November 19, 1988 Patent Application No. 148384 2, Invention name deviation measuring device and deviation and distance measuring device 3, Relationship with the person making the amendment Case Patent applicant Address: 5-25-4 Ikegami, Ota-ku, Tokyo Name: Tobu Denki Kogyo Co., Ltd. Representative: Hiroshi Otsuka 4, Agent Address: 1-5-3-7, Hirakawa-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Subject of amendment (1) Full text of the specification (2) Drawing 8, contents of amendment (1) The full text of the specification will be amended as shown in the attached sheet. (2) The drawing is as shown in red on the attached copy of the drawing.
Particulars 1, Title of the Invention Displacement measuring device and misalignment and distance measuring device 2, Claims (1) A device that receives a light beam projected from a reference point and transmits a part of it, and that a first light-receiving plate that outputs a detection signal; and a second light-receiving plate that is provided at a predetermined distance backward from the first light-receiving plate, receives the transmitted light, and outputs a detection signal according to the light-receiving position. A displacement measuring device, which is fixed to an object to be measured, and measures a positional deviation and an angular deviation of the object to be measured with respect to the beam axis based on detection signals from the first and second light receiving plates. (2) The deviation measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the first and second light receiving plates are synthetic polymer pyroelectric film plates with matrix-like transparent electrodes. (3) A light wave range finder equipped with a light wave transmitter and a light wave receiver is installed at a reference point, receives the light beam emitted from the light wave transmitter of the light wave range finder, and transmits a part of it; and a first light receiving plate that outputs a detection signal according to the light receiving position;
a second light receiving plate that is provided at a predetermined distance behind the first light receiving plate, receives the transmitted light beam, and outputs a detection signal according to the light receiving position; and a light wave transmitter of the light wave range finder. A reflecting part that reflects a part of the light emitted from the light wave rangefinder and inputs it to the light wave receiving part of the light wave range finder is fixed to the object to be measured, and based on the detection signals of the first and second light receiving plates, A displacement and distance measuring device, characterized in that the positional and angular displacement of the object to be measured with respect to the beam axis is measured, and the distance between the reference point and the object to be measured is measured by the light wave range finder. . (4) The deviation and distance measuring device according to claim 3, wherein the first and second light receiving plates are synthetic polymer pyroelectric film plates with matrix-treated electrodes. (5) The second light-receiving plate is formed by transmitting a part of the light beam that has passed through the first light-receiving plate, and the reflecting part is formed by reflecting the light beam that has passed through the second light-receiving plate. The deviation and distance measuring device according to item 4. 3. Detailed Description of the Invention [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention is applicable to the detection of deviations of objects to be measured, such as tunnel excavators, buildings, and laid objects, and the differences between these objects and predetermined points (reference points). The present invention relates to a measuring device for measuring distance. [Prior Art] Conventionally, a device as shown in FIG. 4 is known as a device for measuring how far a tunnel excavator itself deviates from a predetermined position. In the device shown in Fig. 4, a light beam (3
) fixed to the excavator (4) and the target box (5)
The semi-transparent target (6) inside is irradiated, and this irradiated light spot is connected to a CCD (charge coupled de
vice) camera (7), this detection signal is input to the x-y tracker, the position of the irradiation light spot is measured by this X-y tracker, and the excavator (4)
) to measure the positional deviation. However, with the device shown in Fig. 4, although it is possible to measure the positional deviation of the excavator (4) with respect to the axis of the light beam (3), it is possible to measure the azimuth, which is the left and right angular deviation in the horizontal plane, and the vertical and vertical deviations in the vertical plane. It is not possible to measure the pitch angle (that is, the elevation angle), which is the angular deviation of the pitch angle. Therefore, in order to measure the azimuth angle and pitch angle, it was necessary to take measures as shown in FIG. 5 or 6. That is, the fifth
In the device shown in the figure, a target box (5) is slidably attached to an excavator (4) using a sliding cylinder (24), and a point A and a point B, which is a distance Qo away from this point A, are connected to each other. At this point, the position of the irradiation light spot of the light beam (3) on the target (6) is measured. And the measurement data and distance Qo of points A and B
and the positional deviation of the excavator (4) with respect to the beam (3) axis,
Calculate azimuth and pitch angles. In addition, in the apparatus shown in Fig. 6, two different excavators (4) are used.
Target boxes (5a) (5b) are fixedly installed at certain positions, the light beam (3) is divided into reflected light and transmitted light by a half mirror (8a), and this transmitted light is directed to the target in one target box (5a). (6a), and after the reflected light is reflected by a mirror (8b), it is irradiated onto a target (6b) in the other target box (5b). Then, the position of the irradiation light spot of the light beam (3) on each target (6a) (6b) is measured, and the positional deviation, azimuth angle, and pitch angle are calculated from these two sets of measurement data. [Problems to be solved by the invention] The conventional device shown in FIG.
), the sliding cylinder (24)
There are problems in that not only is it necessary to provide a device, but also it is necessary to enlarge the space inside the excavator (4) for installing the device. Furthermore, the conventional device shown in Fig. 6 not only requires the provision of two target boxes (5a) (5b), but also requires a larger space inside the excavator (4) for installing the device, as described above. There were some problems. [Means for Solving the Problems] The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and the first invention is to receive a light beam projected from a reference point, transmit a part of it, and adjust the light receiving position. a first light-receiving plate that outputs a detection signal in accordance with the first light-receiving plate; and a first light-receiving plate that is provided at a position a predetermined distance backward from the first light-receiving plate and receives the transmitted light beam;
and a second light-receiving plate that outputs a detection signal according to the light-receiving position is fixed to the object to be measured, and the positional deviation of the object to be measured with respect to the beam axis is determined based on the detection signals of the first and second light-receiving plates. The present invention also relates to a displacement measuring device characterized in that it measures angular displacement. Furthermore, a second invention provides a light wave range finder equipped with a light wave transmitter and a light wave receiver at the reference point in the first invention, and the light beam emitted from the light wave transmitter of the light wave range finder is directed toward the measurement target. No. 1, which is fixedly installed in the The light is sequentially received by the second light receiving plate, a part of the received light is reflected by a reflection part fixed to the measurement target, and this reflected light is received by the light wave receiving part of the light wave rangefinder, thereby making a measurement. The present invention relates to a deviation and distance measuring device that measures not only the positional deviation and angular deviation of an object but also the distance between a reference point and an object to be measured. [Operation] Based on the detection signals of the first light receiving plate and the second light receiving plate, the positional deviation in the horizontal and vertical directions with respect to the optical axis of the object to be measured at the respective fixed points is measured. Furthermore, the positional deviation data at each point, the first and second
By calculating based on the distance between the light receiving plates, the angular deviation such as the azimuth angle and pitch angle of the object to be measured with respect to the beam axis is measured. Furthermore, the distance between the reference point and the object to be measured is measured using a light wave range finder. [Embodiment] FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the first invention, and the same parts as in FIGS. 4 to 6 are given the same reference numerals. In Figure 1, (1) is the reference point, and this reference point (1)
There is a light beam transmitter (2) that emits pulsed light beams (hereinafter simply referred to as light beams) (3) such as laser beams and infrared light.
is permanently installed. (4) is an excavator as the object to be measured, and a first light-receiving core (1o) and a second light-receiving plate (11) are predetermined in a space (9) formed in this excavator (4). They are fixed in parallel at a distance QO apart. Said first and second
The light receiving plates (10) (11) are made of polyvinylidene fluoride (
A matrix-like transparent electrode is formed on a synthetic polymer pyroelectric film plate such as PVDF), and when a light beam is irradiated on an arbitrary point (x, y) on the surface coordinate X-Y axis, the light is received. It is configured to output a detection signal according to the position (x, y). Then, the first and second light receiving plates (1
0) (11) is the center of its surface coordinates X-Y axis (O□)
(02) is the light beam (
3) It is arranged to coincide with the axis. Further, the first light receiving plate (10) is configured to transmit a portion of the received light beam. Temperature compensation circuits (12a) (12b) for compensating for changes in characteristics due to ambient temperature are connected to the output sides of the first and second light receiving plates (10) (11), respectively. The output sides of 1, 2a) and (12b) are connected to an arithmetic unit (14) via amplifiers (13a) and (13b), respectively.
) is coupled to the input side of the On the output side of the arithmetic unit (I4), there are a vertical displacement indicator (15) for indicating positional displacement in the vertical direction (Y-axis direction) and a left-right displacement indicator (15) for indicating positional displacement in the horizontal direction (X-axis direction). (16), azimuth angle indicator that indicates left and right angular deviation in the horizontal plane (17)
and a pitch angle indicator (18) that indicates angular deviation (elevation angle) in the vertical plane. An inclinometer (not shown) is installed on the excavator (4).
) is measured, and based on this measurement data, rolling correction of the excavator (4) is performed manually or automatically. Next, the operation of the embodiment of the first invention will be explained. For convenience of explanation, a case where a positional shift and an angular shift occur in a horizontal plane as shown in FIG. 2 will be described. The first and second light receiving plates (10) and (11) each receive a light beam (
3) Output a detection signal according to the irradiation position (x 1no) (x 210), and these detection signals are sent to the temperature compensation circuit (12a) (12b) and amplifier (13a), respectively.
) (13b) to the arithmetic unit (14). Further, data corresponding to the predetermined distance Ω0 is inputted in advance to the arithmetic unit (14). (19) is the central axis of the excavator (4), and the intersection of this central axis (19) and the beam (3) axis is O.
and the intersecting angle is θ. This intersection angle θ represents the azimuth angle. Since □ = -〇〇Ω0 as shown in Fig. 2, the azimuth O is given by θ=tan-' - (1) O. A computation corresponding to this first equation is performed by the computing unit (14), and the azimuth angle indicator (17) indicates the azimuth angle θ. Whether the direction of inclination is to the left or to the right in the traveling direction of the ray (3) axis is indicated by the arrow (for example, when 0 indicates 10, it indicates the left side, and when it indicates -, it indicates the right side). Further, by inputting data corresponding to a position of positional deviation to be specified to the calculator (14), the horizontal deviation at that position is specified by the horizontal deviation indicator (16). That is, if data corresponding to the installation location of the first or second light receiving plate (10) (11) is input, the left-right shift indicator (16) will indicate that the left-right shift is X□ or x2. In this case as well, whether the left side is the right side with respect to the traveling direction of the light beam (3) axis is determined by the operator. Furthermore, it is also possible to instruct left-right deviation at any point (for example, the tip of the face) (20) of the excavator (4). That is, as shown in FIG.
) to the cutting blade tip (20) is L, the positional deviation at the cutting blade tip (20) is X, and the intersection point (0) of the central axis (19) of the excavator (4) and the beam (3) axis is ) and the first
If the distance to the light receiving plate (10) is Ql, then x, 1=01
and anθ (2)x=(
L −Q 1) tan θ (3) holds, and from the above (2) (3) and the above (1) equations, the face tip (20
) is given by O. The calculation corresponding to this equation (4) is performed by the calculator (14), and the left-right shift indicator (16) indicates that the left-right shift at the tip (20) of the face of the excavator (4) is X. Vertical deviation, which is a positional deviation in a vertical plane, and pitch angle, which is an angular deviation (elevation angle), are also measured in the same way as above, using a vertical deviation indicator (15) and a pitch angle indicator (18), respectively.
Directed by. In addition, if a positional shift and an angular shift occur both in the horizontal plane and in the vertical plane, the first light receiving plate (10)
, the second light receiving plate (11) is located at the light irradiation position (x1
+yl) (X21y2), and each indicator (15) (16) (17) (1g) detects the positional deviation, azimuth, and pitch of the excavator (4) horizontally and vertically. Indicates the angle deviation of the corner. FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of the second invention, and the same parts as in FIG. 1 are given the same reference numerals. In Figure 3, (1) is the reference point, and this reference point (1)
includes a light wave transmitter (21) that emits pulsed light beams (hereinafter simply referred to as light beams) (3) such as laser beams and infrared light.
A well-known light wave range finder (21) comprising a light wave receiver (21b) and a light wave receiver (21b) is fixedly installed. (4) is an excavator as the object to be measured, and in the space formed inside this excavator (4), four first and second light receiving plates (10) and (11) are placed a predetermined distance Q apart. Fixed side-by-side. The first and second light receiving plates (10) (11) are located at the center of their surface coordinates X-Y axes (
0,1) (02) are arranged so as to coincide with the axis of the light beam (3) emitted from the light wave transmitter (21a) of the light wave rangefinder (21). Furthermore, the first and second light receiving plates (
10) (11) is configured to transmit a part of the received light beam. On the back side of the second light receiving plate (11), there are mirrors (22a) (22b) that reflect the transmitted light and input the reflected light to the light wave receiver (21b) of the light wave range finder (21). ) is installed. The first and second light receiving plates (10) (11)
) is sequentially provided with a temperature compensation circuit (12a) on each output side.
(12b), amplifiers (13a) and (13b) are coupled, and an arithmetic unit (14) is coupled to the output side of these amplifiers (13a) and (13b). The arithmetic unit (14)
On the output side, there are indicators (1, 5) (16) that indicate the vertical deviation, horizontal deviation, azimuth angle, and pitch angle, respectively.
(17) (18) are combined. Next, the operation of the embodiment of the second invention will be explained. Assume that the excavator (4) has misaligned in position and angle. The light beam (3) emitted from the light wave transmitter (21a) of the light wave range finder (21) provided at the reference point (1) is transmitted to the first light receiving plate (1).
0), the light is sequentially received by the second light receiving plate (11). These first and second light receiving plates (10) (11) each output a detection signal according to its irradiation position (x1+yt) (X2#Y2), and each indicator (15) ) (16), (17), and (18) are the embodiments of the first invention, in which the azimuth angle and pitch angle, which are the positional deviations of the excavator (4), the horizontal deviation, the vertical deviation, and the angular deviation, are respectively indicated. Since this is the same as in the case of , the explanation will be omitted. The light beam (3) transmitted through the second light receiving plate (11) is reflected by the reflection part (2).
2) is sequentially reflected by the mirrors (22a) and (22b),
The reflected light beam (3a) is used as a distance measurement signal by the light wave range finder (2).
1) is input to the light wave receiving section (21b). This distance measurement signal is phase-compared with a reference signal that is simultaneously emitted from the light wave transmitter (21a) and is input to the light wave receiver (21b) through a preset path, and is used as a reference signal based on the phase difference. The distance between point (1) and excavator (4) is calculated,
The distance is indicated by a distance indicator (23). In the embodiment of the second invention, the reflecting portion is provided on the back side of the second light receiving plate, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the light beam between the first light receiving plate and the second light receiving plate is A half mirror may be provided on the axis, and the light reflected by the half mirror may be input to the light wave receiving section of the light wave range finder. In this case, the second light receiving plate does not need to have a function of transmitting light. In each of the embodiments of the first and second inventions, an excavator is used as an example of the object to be measured, and the positional deviation and angular deviation of the excavator and the distance from the reference point are measured, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the object to be measured is a laid structure or railway track, and the displacement of the laid structure due to subsidence or uplift, the displacement of the track during grouting for ground improvement work of the track foundation, and the distance from the reference point are measured. Of course, it can be used for In addition, temperature compensation circuits (12a) (12b) connected to the respective output sides of the first and second light receiving plates (10) (11)
) can be omitted. [Effects of the Invention] As described above, the first invention is capable of fixing the first and second light-receiving plates in parallel to the object to be measured with a predetermined distance apart, and measuring based on the detection signals of the first and second light-receiving plates. Since the device is configured to measure positional and angular deviations of the object, the structure is simpler and smaller than conventional devices, and since there are no moving parts, there are advantages such as a low failure rate. In addition to the configuration of the first invention, the second invention includes a light wave range finder installed at a reference point, and a light wave transmitter of the light wave range finder installed at the first. A configuration in which a reflecting part is installed on the object to be measured, which also serves as a light beam transmitting part for projecting the light beam to the second light receiving plate, and also allows a part of the light emitted from the light wave transmitting part of the light wave range finder to be substituted into the light wave receiving part. Therefore, in addition to the advantages of the first invention described above,
Not only can it measure the distance between the reference point and the object to be measured, but it also serves as the light source of the light beam projected to measure positional and angular deviations, as well as the light wave transmitter of a light wave rangefinder for measuring distance. Therefore, the structure of the device becomes simpler and extremely economical. Further, in the case of an excavator, in addition to measuring positional deviation and angular deviation, it is often required to measure the distance from a reference point to the excavator, so the second invention is particularly effective in such cases. . 4. Brief explanation of the drawings Fig. 1 is a configuration diagram showing an embodiment of the deviation measuring device according to the first invention, and Fig. 2 shows the main parts of Fig. 1 when the excavator (object to be measured) is displaced. An enlarged view, FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram showing an embodiment of the deviation and distance measuring device according to the second invention,
FIG. 4, FIG. 5, and FIG. 6 are configuration diagrams showing conventional examples, respectively. (1)...Reference point, (2)...Light beam transmitter, (3)
...ray (axis). (4)... Excavator (object to be measured), (10)... First light receiving plate, (11)... Second light receiving plate, (21)...
Light wave range finder, (21a)...Light wave transmitter, (21b)
. . . Light wave receiving section, (22) . . . Reflecting section.

Claims (5)

[Claims] (1) A first light receiving plate that receives the light beam projected from the reference point, transmits a part of it, and outputs a detection signal according to the light receiving position; A second light receiving plate is fixed to the object to be measured, and a second light receiving plate is provided at a position, receives the transmitted light beam, and outputs a detection signal according to the light receiving position, and based on the detection signals of the first and second light receiving plates. A displacement measuring device characterized in that the displacement measuring device measures the positional displacement and angular displacement of the object to be measured with respect to the optical beam axis. (2) The deviation measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the first and second light receiving plates are synthetic polymer pyroelectric film plates with matrix-like transparent electrodes. (3) A light wave range finder equipped with a light wave transmitter and a light wave receiver is installed at a reference point, receives the light beam emitted from the light wave transmitter of the light wave range finder, and transmits a part of it; and a first light receiving plate that outputs a detection signal according to the light receiving position;
a second light receiving plate that is provided at a predetermined distance behind the first light receiving plate, receives the transmitted light beam, and outputs a detection signal according to the light receiving position; and a light wave transmitter of the light wave range finder. A reflecting part that reflects a part of the light emitted from the light wave rangefinder and inputs it to the light wave receiving part of the light wave range finder is fixed to the object to be measured, and based on the detection signals of the first and second light receiving plates, A displacement and distance measuring device, characterized in that the positional and angular displacement of the object to be measured with respect to the beam axis is measured, and the distance between the reference point and the object to be measured is measured by the light wave range finder. . (4) The displacement and distance measuring device according to claim 3, wherein the first and second light receiving plates are synthetic polymer pyroelectric film plates with matrix-like transparent electrodes. (5) The second light-receiving plate is formed by transmitting a part of the light beam that has passed through the first light-receiving plate, and the reflecting part is formed by reflecting the light beam that has passed through the second light-receiving plate. The deviation and distance measuring device according to item 4.