JPS61260817A - Agricultural cover material for rain escaping culture - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to an agricultural covering material for rain protection in the cultivation of fruit trees such as cherries and fruit vegetables such as tomatoes and eggplants that require rain protection. be.

(Prior Art) Conventionally, cultivation of fruit trees such as cherries, fruit vegetables such as tomatoes and eggplants, and leafy vegetables such as spinach has been based on an open-field cultivation system. However, in recent years, with the improvement and diversification of dietary habits, producers have also increased yields to meet consumer needs for high-quality fruits and vegetables.
The way of thinking is changing from one that emphasizes one quality to the other.

Due to the above-mentioned trend, some production areas cover the upper space with vinyl film to prevent quality deterioration due to rain in the cultivation of summer-sown spinach, etc., and are generating a lot of profit. Also, furthermore.

In fruit tree cultivation, taking cherries as an example, the growth stage of cherry blossoms in open field cultivation is that the flowering period is from late April to early May, the harvest period is from early June to early July, and the next flower bud formation is around 7 pm. At this stage of growth, which is late in the month, if cherries are exposed to a late frost just before flowering, the vase just before flowering will be damaged.

Furthermore, if low temperatures continue during the flowering period, pollination will be hindered and fruit set will be poor, and furthermore, if rain occurs during the ripening period, the fruit will crack. The main cause of fruit cracking is the infiltration of rainwater through the pericarp.
Rainwater that enters through the surface of the pericarp creates an osmotic pressure difference inside the fruit, resulting in cracking, which is the most damaging physiological disorder for cherries after fruiting.

In order to prevent the fruits from cracking due to rain as described above, cherry producing farmers have been experimenting with rain-shielding cultivation using vinyl sheets since about 10am. Rainproof equipment using vinyl sheets can be roughly classified into three types: type A, rain tent type, multi-building type, and heating type house.

First of all, the rain tent type has pipe supports erected at approximately 7 m intervals and vinyl sheets on both sides that can be opened and closed like wings, but the material is heavy (8. (3 pieces, approximately eo kg) Furthermore, since the attachment and detachment are at a high place, there is a drawback that it requires a great deal of labor and is also dangerous.

Next, in the multi-building type, vinyl film is hung only on the upper arch of the large pipe house to protect it from rain.
The temperature at the zenith was approximately 8 degrees Celsius higher than near the ground, making it more likely to suffer from high-temperature problems. For this reason, the vigor of the tree is likely to deteriorate, resulting in poor fruit set, so vinyl film is currently limited to being used only for a very short period of time, from just before ripening until harvest.

Finally, heated greenhouses require frequent temperature and humidity control, making it impossible to manage multiple greenhouses. Furthermore, heating is mainly done on the ground, and the soil temperature does not rise easily due to snow etc., resulting in an imbalance of 14 temperatures, and in the case of cherries, the leaves emerge before the flowers, resulting in a failure in terms of plant physiology. Therefore, the same type of houses have not yet become popular at present.

As mentioned above, in the cultivation of fruits, especially cherries, cultivating in a rain shelter is effective to some extent. However, the use of sheets or films with zero porosity tends to cause high temperature damage and reduce tree life. This tends to lead to poor fruit set, and what's more, the inside of the facility tends to become a high-temperature environment, and when the temperature drops in the evening, dew condensation occurs on the fruit, making it easy for mold to grow and causing various diseases such as gray layer disease. There is a big drawback.

As mentioned above, rainfall that exceeds the appropriate amount of moisture is harmful to fruit trees, fruit vegetables, and leafy vegetables. Conventionally, vinyl sheets have been used as a countermeasure against this problem, but there are many problems such as high temperature damage and disease development. It had drawbacks.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) The present inventors have completed the present invention as a result of extensive research in order to eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks of existing agricultural materials for rain-cover cultivation. The internal purpose of this is that it has a high rainproof effect when cultivating agricultural crops under rain cover,
It does not cause high temperature damage, prevents high humidity, suppresses the onset of disease, and can be covered throughout the year, providing frost protection and protection during the harshest winter.
The object of the present invention is to provide an agricultural covering material that exhibits a heat-retaining effect, can be applied quickly, can be accelerated, and can save labor in spreading work by reducing the weight of the material.

(Means for Solving the Problems) The agricultural covering material for rain cover cultivation according to the present invention to achieve the above-mentioned object is characterized by having a porosity of 0.1 to 4.
25.0% and 20mm2 distributed over the entire surface
It consists of a sheet-like material having pores of the following uniform size. Also, the pores of this coating material! O density and shape have different directions of warp and weave, and as the material, it is preferable to use polyvinyl alcohol film, which has excellent transparency, moisture absorption, heat retention, frost resistance, and weather resistance, and is suitable for light shielding and cold storage. If an effect is required, it is desirable that at least one side is suitably processed with aluminum.

(Example) Hereinafter, the structure of the present invention will be explained along with its operation based on FIGS. 1 to 5 showing examples thereof.
The figures show examples of agricultural covering materials for rain-shield cultivation, with FIG. 1 showing a covering material with a porosity of 25%, and FIG. 2 showing a covering material with a porosity of 10%. Here, the polyvinyl alcohol film preferable as a material for the coating material of the present invention is one obtained by forming a polyvinyl alcohol having an average degree of polymerization of 1000 or more and a degree of saponification of 88% or more by a flow rate method, an extrusion method, or other conventional methods. . A method of stretching, splitting, heat treating, and widening this to form a reticulated web, and a method of forming the reticulated web.
Nip 1 and 2 in the process! ) Any known method may be used to produce the nonwoven fabric by bonding.
As a binder for adhering the Mk layer, from the viewpoint of adhesion and hygroscopicity, the average degree of polymerization is 10, which is the same as the web material.
It is preferable to use polyvinyl alcohol having a saponification degree of 0.011 or higher and a saponification degree of 98% or higher.

To explain in more detail about the reticular webs to be laminated and bonded in the example of FIG. 1, the transverse reticular web 1 is expanded at a width expansion ratio of 2 times in the width expansion step after heat treatment, and the sieve reticular web 2 is expanded at a width expansion ratio of 1.8 times. The air gap was set to -i &25%. Similarly, in the example shown in FIG. 2, the width ratio of the mesh web 7 1 is 1.5 times, and the width ratio of the mesh web 2 is 1.2.
The porosity was set to 10%.

Here, the feature of setting the widening ratio of the reticulated web is that the weft widening ratio is set smaller than the longitudinal widening ratio for both M members. This widening configuration is designed to allow raindrops to easily flow in the width direction when it rains, as will be described later.

If this widening configuration is small in the longitudinal direction and large in the latitudinal direction, contrary to the above, it is difficult to obtain favorable rainproof performance due to the droplet effect.

Next, FIGS. 3 to 5 show examples in which the covering material according to the present invention is actually applied to rain shelter facilities.

Figure 3 shows a pipe house with an arched ceiling.
Reference numeral 4 indicates a side pipe, and reference numeral 5 indicates a ceiling portion 7 - a chi-shaped pipe. Tall fruit trees such as cherries are grown in this greenhouse, and the covering material 3 according to the present invention is spread only on the arched ceiling.

Figure 4 shows a gable-shaped steel frame house, which, like the previous example, is suitable for growing tall fruit trees. 7 is a side support; 6
is a beam on the ceiling, and the covering material 3 is spread only on the ceiling.

Next, Fig. 5 shows an example suitable for summer soft vegetables such as summer spinach, in which vegetables are grown in bed 9 and pole 8.
This rain cover cultivation in open field cultivation, in which the inventive covering material is extended only on the ceiling and left open on both sides (hem), is carried out in a moderate manner to avoid strong sunlight, especially in the summer. Aluminum processing is applied for the purpose of blocking light,
It is good to have a cooling effect.

Although the explanation has been given above using typical usage examples, the common point in all of them is that the covering material 3 is extended at an angle with respect to the ground. here.

The larger the inclination, the higher the rainproof performance of the perforated covering material.If the covering material 3 is spread horizontally to the ground, rain will accumulate on the covering material 3 and will be more concentrated than in the recesses. If the coating material drips, the rainproof effect will not be exhibited. Therefore, care must be taken to avoid creating depressions when the coating material is stretched.

(Effects of the Invention) As described above, according to the present invention, an excellent rainproof effect is exhibited in the cultivation of agricultural products that require rain-shield cultivation;
The effects seen from the examples are shown in Table 1 below: Rainproofing effect [work] (flat tension method) From the main oblique angle fJ, L table, the present invention product 1 has a porosity of 10% to 10% more than the conventional product with the same porosity. It showed a 19% higher rainproof effect, and as mentioned above, this effect is clearly caused by the difference in the width ratio of the orthogonal weft/warp weft reticular web. In other words, while the conventional product has the same widening ratio in both directions, the product 1 of the present invention has a different directionality in the widening ratio, as shown in Figure 1, and the raindrops flow from the top to the bottom in Figure 1. Because the water flows easily, it has a high rainproof effect.

Further, from Table 2, the actual rainfall amount of product 3 of the present invention with a porosity of 0.1% was 0 at purchase, confirming a 100% rainproof effect.

Next, regarding the high temperature damage at the top of the house, which was a problem when using conventional vinyl sheets, Table 3 shows that the product 2 of the present invention only increased the temperature by +0.25°C compared to the open field.

Similarly, product 3 of the present invention only increased by +1.3°C. The reason for this is thought to be that while vinyl sheets do not allow the movement of warm air, the product of the present invention has holes evenly distributed over the entire surface of the covering material, allowing for easy ventilation. . From the results in Table 3, it can be said that the product of the present invention is less likely to cause high temperature damage at the top of the pipe house.

Furthermore, since the product of the present invention is very light, it is easy to handle and deploy to high places, and can be worked by a small number of people, resulting in labor savings.

Finally, since the product of the present invention is made of polyvinyl alcohol film that has excellent water absorption, hygroscopicity, and moisture permeability, the environment under the coating is kept at low humidity, which prevents diseases such as gray layer disease that are likely to occur under humid conditions. As a result, we were able to reduce the number of times we sprayed pesticides.

It became a saving expense because it saved pesticides.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

1 and 2 are plan views showing an example of the product of the present invention. FIGS. 3 to 5 are perspective views showing an example of use of the product of the present invention.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. It is made of a sheet-like material having a porosity of 0.1 to 25.0% and uniformly sized pores with an area of 20 mm^2 or less distributed over its entire surface. Agricultural covering material for rain-protected cultivation. 2. The agricultural covering material for rain-shield cultivation according to claim 1, wherein the pores have a distribution density and shape with different directions in terms of warp and warp. 3. Agricultural covering material for rain shelter cultivation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the sheet-like material is made of polyvinyl alcohol. 4. The agricultural covering material for rain-protected cultivation according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein at least one side of the sheet-like material is processed with aluminum.