JPS61209496A - Electronic musical instrument - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to an electronic musical instrument that can change the pitch of a musical tone over time, and is used to imitate or vibrato the sound of a natural musical instrument whose pitch changes over time.

The present invention relates to an electronic musical instrument suitable for realizing pitch modulation effects such as attack pitch and glide.

[Conventional technology]

In general, pitch control of musical tones in electronic musical instruments involves manual adjustment by operating pitch adjustment controls, or pitch modulation by generating a periodic modulation signal such as a vibrato modulation signal. The following methods have been adopted. In the former case, no temporal change in pitch can be obtained, and in the latter case, the pitch change is monotonous. Therefore, in the specification of Japanese Patent Application No. 58-168357 filed by the present applicant, pitch fluctuation components of musical tones over the entire sound generation period from the start to the end of the musical tones are stored in advance in a memory. , the pitch of the generated sound is controlled in accordance with the pitch variation component read from this memory. This is effective because even sounds whose pitch fluctuates in a complex manner, such as the sounds of natural musical instruments, can be easily imitated.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

However, the above-mentioned prior art has the disadvantage that the memory capacity becomes large when attempting to accurately store pitch fluctuation components that change over time in a memory with high accuracy. Furthermore, since the manner of pitch variation is limited to the manner stored in the memory, there is also the disadvantage that it lacks interest.

This invention was made in view of the above points.

It is an object of the present invention to simplify the configuration of a device for generating pitch information that changes over time, and to enable the mode of pitch fluctuation to be freely set.

[Means for solving problems]

The electronic musical instrument according to the present invention includes pitch information generating means for sequentially generating pitch information of a musical tone whose pitch changes hourly at a plurality of sample points set on the time axis as first pitch information; said first generated
interpolating means for interpolating pitch information between at least two sample points and outputting second pitch information as the interpolation result; and a musical tone for generating a musical tone signal having a pitch corresponding to the second pitch information based on the second pitch information. The signal generating means is also provided with a signal generating means.

Preferably, the pitch information generating means includes pitch information storage means that stores the first pitch information corresponding to each sample point, and reading means that reads the first pitch information from the pitch information storage means. I'm here.

The electronic musical instrument according to the second invention includes a reference pitch information generation means for generating reference pitch information corresponding to the pitch of a musical tone to be generated, and a variation in the pitch of the musical tone over time that is sampled on the time axis. a variable pitch information storage means storing a plurality of first variable pitch information; a reading means for reading out the first variable pitch information from the variable pitch information storage means; and a readout means for reading the first variable pitch information read out. an interpolation means for interpolating between at least two sample points and outputting second fluctuating pitch information as the interpolation result, based on the reference pitch information and the second fluctuating pitch information,
and means for generating a musical tone signal having a pitch obtained by modulating a reference pitch corresponding to the reference pitch information in accordance with a pitch variation corresponding to the second variable pitch information.

An electronic musical instrument according to a third aspect of the present invention includes an input means for inputting an external sound signal such as a voice or a musical tone, and a plurality of sample points set on a time axis to determine the pitch of the signal input by the input means. pitch detection means for detecting the pitch of each detected sample point; storage means for storing pitch information related to the pitch of each detected sample point; reading means for reading out the pitch information from the storage means; interpolating means for interpolating the first pitch information based on the base pitch between at least two sample points and outputting second pitch information as the interpolation result; and pitch specifying means for specifying the pitch of the musical sound to be generated. and musical tone signal generating means for generating a musical tone signal corresponding to the pitch specified by the pitch specifying means at a pitch set according to the second pitch information.

[Effect]

The pitch information generating means sequentially generates first pitch information for each sample point over time. The generated first pitch information is divided into at least two pitches by an interpolation means.
The second pitch information is obtained by interpolating between the two sample points. The pitch of the musical tone signal generated by the musical tone signal generating means is determined based on the second pitch information. Since the second pitch information is obtained by interpolating the first pitch information between at least two sample points, it is more accurate information than the first pitch information.

Therefore, the first pitch information may have relatively coarse accuracy compared to the accuracy (resolution) of the pitch fluctuation to be achieved, and the configuration of the pitch information generating means can be simplified accordingly. Therefore.

When the pitch information generating means includes a storage means that stores the first pitch information corresponding to each sample point, the storage capacity of this storage means can be saved. Also, the first
If the accuracy of the pitch information is improved, the accuracy of the second pitch information will be further improved, and the accuracy (resolution) of musical tone pitch fluctuations will be improved.
can be increased.

If the pitch information for each sample point stored in the storage means is fluctuating pitch information that corresponds to a variation in musical tone pitch with respect to a reference pitch, the storage capacity can be further saved.

Detecting the pitch of a signal of an external sound such as a voice or musical tone inputted through an input means, storing pitch information corresponding to this in a storage means, and using this pitch information for setting the pitch of the generated sound. This makes it possible to freely set the manner of pitch variation in the generated musical tones.

〔Example〕

Hereinafter, one embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In FIG. 1, a keyboard 10 is used as a means for specifying the pitch of a musical tone to be generated, and a key coder 11 detects key presses and key releases on the keyboard 10, and generates a key code KC indicating the pressed key and the key code KC. A key-on signal KON indicating whether or not the key corresponding to KC continues to be pressed is output from the key coder 11.

The pitch information generating circuit 12 generates pitch information of a musical tone whose pitch changes over time at a plurality of sample points set on the time axis. FIG. 2(b) shows an example of a temporal change in pitch from the start to the end of a musical tone, and FIG. 2(a) shows an example of the amplitude envelope of the musical tone. For convenience, (b
Although the pitch change curve shown in ) and the amplitude envelope curve shown in (a) are drawn to be similar, they are not necessarily similar. However, the rising part of a musical note (
In general, the pitch fluctuations are large in the attack part), and the connection part (
In the sustain part), the pitch is generally stable around the standard pitch of the musical tone, and in the falling part (decay part), pitch fluctuations are seen again. Of course, when pitch modulation effects such as vibrato are applied, pitch fluctuations commensurate with such effects are also seen in the sustained portion.

The pitch of a musical tone actually generated by a natural musical instrument is analyzed, and pitch information at each of a plurality of sample points set on the time axis is obtained. The black dots in FIG. 2(b) indicate the pitch at each such sample point. The pitch information thus obtained is stored in a storage means within the pitch information generating circuit 12, and when a musical tone is to be generated, the pitch information of each sample point is read out over time. Note that this sample point has a certain width in terms of time.

The pitch information generating circuit 12 includes a rising and sustaining pitch data memory 13 and a falling pitch data memory 14 as storage means as described above. The rising part and sustaining part pitch data memo January 6 stores pitch data of a plurality of sample points in the rising part of a musical tone and pitch data of a plurality of sample points in the following sustaining part. The falling part pitch data memory 14 is
It stores pitch data of a plurality of sample points in the falling part of a musical tone. In this example, memo IJ 1
The pitch data stored in 3 and 14 is numerical data corresponding to the frequency of musical tones, and is, for example, a so-called frequency number. The memories 13 and 14 store pitch data of a plurality of sample points for each pitch corresponding to each weight of the keyboard 10, and further for each selectable tone color type.

Three types of address signals are input to the memos IJ 13 and 14. One is the timbre selection information TC given from the timbre selector 15, the other is the key code KC given from the key coder 11, and the other is the temporally changing sample given from the address generators 16 and 17. This is a point address signal. Select a group of pitch data corresponding to the timbre selected by the timbre selection information TC, select pitch data of multiple sample points having a reference pitch corresponding to the pitch of the pressed key by the key code KC, and select the pitch data of multiple sample points corresponding to the pitch of the pressed key. The pitch data of each sample point is sequentially read out over time according to the signal.

The address generator 16 for the rise and sustain pitch data memory 16 is enabled during the duration of the key press by the key-on signal KON and sequentially generates sample point address signals at predetermined sampling time intervals. The address generator 16 is, for example, a preset type counter,
When the key-on signal KON rises to "1", counting of a predetermined clock signal (not shown) is started, and the count contents are outputted as a sample point address signal.

A predetermined upper bit MA of the address signal generated from the address generator 16 is input to the memory 13 as a sample point address signal, and the lower bit LA is applied to the interpolation circuit 18 as an interpolation address signal. Further, the upper pick l-MA, that is, the sample point address signal, is applied to the final address detection circuit 19, and it is detected whether or not the last sample point address of the continuation section has been reached. When the last sample point address of the connection part is reached, the detection circuit 1
A preset pulse is given to the address generator 16 from 9, and preset address data generated from the preset address data generator 20 is sent to the address generator 1.
Preset to 6.

This precent address data may be the first sample point address of the continuation section, or may be any sample point address in the continuation section.

Address generator 16 resumes generation of address signals from the preset address value. Therefore, the preset address data indicates the repetition start address of the address signal.

With the above configuration, when the key-on signal KON rises to "1" in response to a key depression, the address generator 16 first sequentially generates address signals for multiple sample points in the rising part, and then sequentially generates address signals for multiple sample points in the sustaining part. Address signals of points are generated sequentially, and when the final address of the continuation part is reached, the address signal returns to the preset address (repetition start address), and the change from this preset address to the final address is repeated. In response to this, the pitch data of the plurality of sample points in the rising part is first read out sequentially from the memory 16, and then the pitch data of the plurality of sample points in the continuation part is sequentially read out,
Pitch data at multiple sample points in the repeated portion (between the preset address and the final address) in the continuation section is then repeatedly read out. Key-on signal KO according to key release
When N falls to "θ", address generator 16 is disabled and stops generating address signals. Therefore, if the key is released before the reading of the pitch data of the continuation section is completed, the above-mentioned repeated reading will not be performed.

That is, the repetitive readout control of the pitch data of a plurality of sample points in the predetermined seven repeated portions of the sustaining part as described above is as follows:
This is performed when the key press duration is longer than the time lengths of the rising part and the sustaining part stored in the memory 13. Note that the precent address data that determines the width of the repeated portion may be fixedly generated from the precent address data generator 20, but as shown by the dotted line, the precent address data may be generated by the key code KC or the tone selection information TC. are input into the generator 20, and these data KC.

Different preset address data may be generated depending on the TC.

The address generator 17 for the trailing pitch data memory 14 is enabled when the key is released by an inverted signal of the key-on signal KON, and sequentially generates sample point address signals at predetermined sampling time intervals. address generator 1
7 consists of a counter, for example, and the key-on signal KON is "
0'', a predetermined clock signal (not shown) starts counting and outputs the count contents as a sample point address signal. bit MA is input to memory 14 as a sample point address signal;
The lower bit LA is applied to the interpolation circuit 18 as an interpolation address signal.

With the above configuration, when the key-on signal KON falls to "0" in response to the key release, the address generator 17 sequentially generates address signals for a plurality of sample points in the falling part, and in response, the address signal is output from the memory 14. Pitch data of a plurality of sample points in the falling portion are sequentially read out. Note that the address generator 17
, the output address signal (count contents) is stored in memory 1.
After reaching the predetermined value corresponding to the final address of No. 4, the change in the output address signal is stopped (the counting operation is stopped) and the predetermined value is maintained.

The pitch data read out from the memory 16 is given to the A input of the selector 21, and the pitch data read out from the memory 14 is given to the B input. Also, input to the selector 22 are predetermined lower bits 1-LA (that is, interpolated address signal) of the address signal generated from the address generator 16 and the least significant bit MLsB (of the upper bits MA).
In other words, MLSB is a weight one bit higher than the lower bit LA), and the B input is given the predetermined lower bit LA of the address signal generated from the address generator 17 and the least significant bit of the upper pinot l-MA. MLBB is given. Both selectors 21 and 22 are set when the key-on signal KON is
When it is "n", the input is selected, and when it is "0", the B input is selected.

Therefore, while the key is being pressed, the pitch data of a plurality of sequential sample points of the rising part and the sustaining part read out from the memory 16 is selected by the selector 21, and the data input to the interpolation circuit 18 is given, and the pitch data is read out. The least significant bit MLSB of the sample point address signal (i.e. MA) used for this purpose and the interpolation address signal located lower than it (i.e. LA) are selected by the selector 22 and applied to the interpolation address input of the interpolation circuit 18. . On the other hand, when the key is released, the pitch data of a plurality of sequential sample points of the falling part read out from the memory 14 is selected by the selector 21 and given to the data input of the interpolation circuit 18, and the pitch data is The least significant bit MLSB of the sample point address signal (that is, MA) used for reading and the interpolation address signal located lower than that (that is, L
A) is selected by the selector 22 and applied to the interpolation address input of the interpolation circuit 18.

The interpolation address signal (LA) is the sample point address signal (
MA), the sample point address signal advances by one sample point address every time the value of this interpolated address signal goes around. For example, the interpolated address signal (LA
) is 3 bits, the interpolated address value takes a value from 0 to 7, and the sample point address advances by 1 every time it changes from 0 to 7 eight times. Therefore, the distance between two adjacent sample points is divided by eight interpolation addresses. Also, as is clear, the sample point address signal (M
The least significant bit MLSB in A) indicates the change timing of the sample point address.

That is, each time the value of this MLSB changes to 1'' or 0#, the value of the sample point address also changes.

The interpolation circuit 18 is for interpolating the pitch data of each sample point sequentially given from the pitch information generation circuit 12 via the selector 21 between two adjacent sample points, and the interpolation address is given from the selector 22. specified by the interpolated address signal (LA).

Although the circuit configuration of the interpolation circuit 18 itself may be well-known, an example of the interpolation circuit 18 will be explained with reference to FIG.

Two cascaded registers 23 and 24 are adjacent to each other.
The pitch data of two sample points is temporarily stored, and the pitch data given from the selector 21 (FIG. 1) is input to the register 26. The change detection circuit 25 detects the least significant bit MLSB of the sample point address signal (MA).
A change in the value from "1" to "O" or vice versa is detected and a load pulse is applied to the registers 23 and 24. The output of the register 26 is input to the register 24, and the pitch data of the new sample point is input to the register 23. Therefore, each time the sample point changes, register 2
3. The contents of 24 are updated, and the pitch data of the current sample point and the previous sample point adjacent to it are stored in the register 23.
．． 24 is always sdoored.

The pitch data of the older sample point stored in the register 24 is applied to the A input of the arithmetic circuit 26, and the pitch data of the newer sample point stored in the register 23 is applied to the B input of the arithmetic circuit 26. Arithmetic circuit 26
is for calculating a value Y by interpolating between A and 8 using an interpolation coefficient X by executing a predetermined interpolation calculation formula, for example, Y=A-X+B-X. The interpolation coefficient The interpolation coefficients may be generated based on the function characteristics of .

With the above configuration, highly accurate pitch data can be obtained as the output of the interpolation circuit 18 by interpolating pitch data between two adjacent sample points using appropriate interpolation characteristics.

Returning to FIG. 1, the interpolated pitch data output from the interpolation circuit 18 is input to the phase data generation circuit 28. The phase data generation circuit 28 sequentially generates instantaneous phase data that changes at a frequency corresponding to the given pitch data. For example, when the pitch data is a frequency number as described above, by repeatedly adding or subtracting this frequency number, instantaneous phase data that changes at a rate corresponding to the frequency number is generated. Tone generator 29 generates a digital musical tone signal in accordance with instantaneous phase data provided from phase data generation circuit 28. This tone generator 29 is supplied with a key-on signal KON for controlling the amplitude envelope of the musical tone signal to be generated, and also supplied with timbre selection information TC for timbre setting.

The digital musical tone signal generated by the tone generator 29 is converted into an analog signal by the digital/analog converter 30 and then provided to the sound system 61. The pitch of the musical tone signal thus generated is stored in the memory 15.1.
It changes over time to follow the temporal pitch change pattern of the pitch data stored in the memory 16 and 14, and it interpolates between sample points of these pitch data rather than the pitch data itself stored in the memory 16. Since the pitch is set based on pitch data obtained by Only the portions replaced with the circuit 12 and the interpolation circuit 18 are shown.

The reference pitch data generation circuit 62 generates reference pitch data corresponding to the pitch of the pressed key in response to the key code KC given from the key coder 11 (FIG. 1). This reference pitch is a nominal pitch corresponding to the pitch, and does not change over time. The reference pitch data generation circuit 32 is, for example, made up of a table or memory in which frequency numbers as described above are stored in advance in correspondence with each weight, or a table in which such frequency numbers are stored in correspondence with 12 note names. Alternatively, it may be of any suitable configuration, such as one consisting of a memory and a shift circuit that shifts the note name frequency number read from the memory in accordance with the octave of the pressed key.

Variable pitch data memory 3 for rising and sustaining parts
Similarly to the pitch data memory 13 in FIG. 1, 6 is for storing pitch-related data at a plurality of sample points in the rising part and sustaining part, but it is not the pitch data itself, but the musical tone pitch relative to the reference pitch. Variation pitch data (that is, pitch deviation data with respect to the reference pitch) indicating the variation of the pitch is stored.

The variable pitch data memory 34 for the trailing edge is also similar, and is used to store data related to the pitch of a plurality of sample points in the trailing edge like the pitch data memory 14 in FIG. Rather than the pitch data itself, variable pitch data indicating the amount of variation in tone pitch with respect to the reference pitch is stored.

In memos IJ 33 and 34, the fluctuating pitch data of a plurality of sample points may be stored for each pitch corresponding to each weight, or may be stored for each key range (range) consisting of a plurality of ridges. . Since the reference pitch itself for each pitch is set by the reference pitch data generated from the reference pitch data generation circuit 62, variable pitch data can be generated within a range consisting of multiple pitches without preparing for each individual pitch. Pitch variation control can be performed without any inconvenience even if shared.

In FIG. 4, address generators 16, 17, interpolation circuit 18, and other circuits 19 to 22 denoted by the same reference numerals as in FIG. 1 have the same configuration and the same function. However, the interpolation circuit 18 interpolates the variable pitch data between two adjacent sample points and outputs highly accurate variable pitch data obtained by interpolation.

The adder 65 is for modulating the reference pitch data with variable pitch data. In this case, since the variable pitch data is expressed as a difference from the reference pitch data, an adder 65 (or a subtracter may be used) is used to modulate the reference pitch data by this difference.
I'm tired. That is, the adder 65 is inputted with the reference pitch data generated from the reference pitch data generation circuit 62 and the interpolated fluctuating pitch data output from the interpolation circuit 18, and by adding both data, the pitch is determined. Pitch data obtained by modulating the reference pitch by the variation is obtained. The modulated pitch data is applied to a phase data generation circuit 28 (FIG. 1). thus,
A tone generator 29 (FIG. 1) generates a musical tone signal having a pitch corresponding to the modulated pitch data.

The reference pitch may be modulated by the variable pitch data output from the interpolation circuit 18 after the musical tone signal is generated based on the reference pitch data.

Further, the interpolation by the interpolation circuit 18 may not be performed on the variable pitch data as shown in FIG. 4, but may be performed after the reference pitch data is modulated by the variable pitch data. In that case, the adder 65 and interpolation circuit 18 in FIG.
The positions of are swapped as shown in Figure 5. In this case, the reference pitch data generation circuit 62, the adder 35 and the memo IJ 6
3, 34 and their related circuits have a structure that can be replaced with the pitch information generating circuit 12 of FIG.

Note that the adder 65 may be replaced with a multiplier or the like.

When a multiplier is used, the variable pitch data expresses the pitch deviation with respect to the reference pitch as a ratio ("1" when there is no pitch variation). When variable pitch data is stored for each range in the memories 36 and 34, it is preferable that this data be expressed as a ratio as described above. This is because in a musical tone signal based on pitch data obtained by multiplying variable pitch data and reference pitch data,
This is because the cent value of the pitch deviation from the standard pitch is constant regardless of the pitch of the standard pitch. 〇Figure 6 shows still another embodiment of the present invention, and the pitch information generation shown in Figure 1. Only the portions replaced with the circuit 12 and the interpolation circuit 18 are shown.

In FIG. 6, the area surrounded by a dashed line 36 has a configuration similar to that shown in FIG. I am using it.

Variable pitch data memory 4 for rising and sustaining parts
3. and variable pitch data memory 44 for the falling part.
Similar to the memories 33 and 34 in FIG. 4, the memory 33 and 34 store fluctuating pitch data of multiple sample points of the rising part and the sustaining part or the falling part, but 33 and 34 are read-only memories (ROM). 43.44
differs in that it consists of read/write memory (RAM).

In addition, an address generator 4 is used to control reading and writing.
6 and 47 also have the same structure as the address generator 16 in FIGS. 1 and 4.
．． 17 is somewhat different.

A microphone 37 is provided to pick up external sounds such as voices or musical tones and convert them into electrical signals. An external sound signal input through the microphone 37 is converted into a digital signal by an analog/digital converter 38, temporarily stored in a data buffer memory 39, and input to an envelope level detection circuit 40.

The external sound signal stored in the data buffer memory 39 is provided to a pitch detection circuit 41.

The pitch detection circuit 41 detects the pitch of the input external sound signal at each of a plurality of sample points set on the time axis, and uses a known method such as the cepstral method or fast Fourier transform as a pitch detection method. can be used. The pitch data for each sample point thus detected is input to the subtracter 42. The other input of the subtracter 42 receives reference pitch data generated from the reference pitch data generation circuit 32.

The subtracter 42 calculates the difference between the reference pitch data and the pitch data for each sample point of the external sound signal, and applies this difference to the data input I0 of the memories 43 and 44 as variable pitch data.

The envelope level detection circuit 40 detects the envelope level of the input external sound signal, and provides data indicating the detected envelope level to the envelope state detection circuit 45.

The envelope state detection circuit 45 detects a rising part, a sustaining part, and a falling part of the input external sound signal based on the detected envelope level data, and outputs a signal S1 corresponding to the rising part and the sustaining part. , outputs a signal S2 corresponding to the falling portion. For example, if the detected envelope level is as shown in FIG. 7, the signals S1 and S2 are generated in the relationship shown in FIG. That is, in response to the rise of the envelope level, the signal S1 is
The signal S2 is raised to "1" in response to the fall of the level after the flat part of the envelope level continues, and the signal S1 is lowered to 1t OIt, after which the envelope level becomes zero. When the signal S2 becomes It
OL).

The signal S1 is input to the read/write control input W/H of the variable pitch data memory 43 for the rising and sustaining parts. The signal S2 is input to the read/write control input W/H of the variable pitch data memory 44 for the falling portion. Memories 43 and 44 are in write mode when the signal applied to the input W/R is 1'', and are in read mode when 41071 is applied.

The key-on signal KON and the signal S1 are applied to the control inputs of the address generator 46 for the rising and sustaining parts.

The address generator 46 has a key-on signal KON of "1"'.
When the signal S1 rises, generation of a read address signal is started, and when the signal S1 rises to "1", generation of a write address signal is started. Address generator 4 for falling edge
A signal obtained by inverting the key-on signal KON and the signal S2 are applied to the control input 7. The address generator 47 is.

When the key-on signal KON falls to "0", generation of a read address signal is started, and when the signal S2 rises to "1", generation of a write address signal is started. The predetermined upper bits MA of the address signal generated from the address generators 46 and 47 are inputted to the memory 43 and 44 as a sample point address signal as described above, and the predetermined lower bits LA are inputted as an interpolation address signal via the selector 22. The signal is applied to the interpolation circuit 18.

Key coder 1 is used to input the pitch address of memory 43 and 44.
The key code KC output from 1 (FIG. 1) is given. The memories 43 and 44 can store varying pitch data of a plurality of sample points corresponding to each pitch.

Memory 43, . Writing of variable pitch data to 44 is performed as follows.

First, press a key corresponding to a desired pitch on the keyboard 10 (Fig. 1), and while continuing to press the key, listen to an external sound such as a natural musical instrument sound or a human voice with a pitch close to the pitch of the pressed key into the microphone. Enter from 37. A key code KC corresponding to the pressed key is given to the reference pitch data generation circuit 32, and reference pitch data corresponding to the pressed key is generated and input to the subtracter 42. On the other hand, the pitch of each sample point of the input external sound is detected by a pitch detection circuit 41, and the detected pitch data is input to a subtracter 42. At the same time, the envelope level of the input external sound signal is detected, and based on this, a signal S1 is output from the envelope state detection circuit 45 at the rising portion and the connecting portion. As a result, the memory 43 enters the write mode, and the address generator 46 generates a write address signal, and the difference between the reference pitch data output from the subtracter 42 and the pitch data of the external sound is used as variable pitch data for each sample. It is written point by point into the memory 43.

At this time, the pitch address to which the fluctuating pitch data of these multiple sample points is to be written is specified by the key code KC. When the input external sound signal becomes a falling part,
A signal S2 is generated in place of the signal S1, the memory 44 enters the write mode, and the address generator 47 generates a write address signal. As a result, the difference between the pitch data of the external sound and the reference pitch data at the falling portion is written as variable pitch data in the memory 44 for each sample point. Writing ends when the external sound input is finished and the key is released.

Follow the steps above! ! ! For each weight on the board 10, variable pitch data at a plurality of sample points from the rising edge to the falling edge is written into the memories 43 and 44 based on external sound input. In this way, variable pitch data of a plurality of sample points that realize a desired pitch variation mode can be freely stored in the memories 43 and 44.

The mode of pitch variation can be freely set.

The reading of the variable pitch data stored in the memories 43 and 44 and the interpolation operation by the interpolation circuit 1B are performed in the same manner as described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 4.

In Figure 8, an external sound is input and its pitch variation information is stored as in Figure 6, but in Figure 6, the corresponding external sound is input for each pitch and pitch variation information is stored. In contrast, in Figure 8, only one external sound was input,
Based on this, the stored pitch variation information is commonly used for each pitch.

The pitch data of the external sound detected by the pitch detection circuit 41 is input to an approximate reference pitch data generation circuit 48 and also to a cent value calculation circuit 49. The approximate reference pitch data generation circuit 48 selects the pitch (indicated by Fs) closest to the pitch of the detected external sound (indicated by Fin) from among the plurality of reference pitches corresponding to each pitch, and The reference pitch data is generated. Cent value calculation circuit 49
teeth.

Based on the detected Fin and the reference pitch data Fs most similar to it, cent value data representing the pitch shift of the external sound with respect to the reference pitch is calculated. That is, the cent value ΔC of pitch deviation is determined by the following equation.

The cent value data ΔC of the pitch deviation of the external sound with respect to the reference pitch for each sample point obtained by using 1200 log, (F in / F s) = Δ is stored in the memory 5.
3.54 is applied to data input DI.

Variable pitch data memory 5 for rising and sustaining parts
Similarly to the memories 43 and 44 in FIG. The read/write mode is controlled by S2. In addition, the address generator 4
6.47 is also controlled in the same manner as in FIG. Therefore, the memory 53 is in the write mode during the rising part and sustaining part of the input external sound signal, and the cent value data Δ of pitch deviation at multiple sample points of the rising part and sustaining part
C is written into the memory 53 as variable pitch data. Further, during the period of the falling portion of the input external sound signal, the memory 54 is set to the write mode, and the cent value data ΔC of the pitch deviation at the plurality of sample points of the falling portion is written to the memory 54 as fluctuating pitch data. .

The reading of variable pitch data stored in the memories 53 and 54 and the interpolation operation by the interpolation circuit 18 are shown in FIG.

This is done in the same manner as described with respect to FIG.

In the case of the 8th vI, the interpolated fluctuating pitch data output from the interpolation circuit 18 is not expressed in one frequency expression or frequency ratio expression but in cent value expression. On the other hand, the reference pitch data outputted from the reference pitch data generation circuit 32 which is to be modulated by this variable pitch data is a frequency expression (frequency number). Therefore, a cent/frequency data conversion circuit 50 is provided to convert the fluctuating pitch data in cent value representation into frequency representation.

This data conversion circuit 5o converts the cent value data ΔC' given from the interpolation circuit 18 into the reference pitch data generation circuit 3.
According to the frequency Fax of the reference pitch data given from 2, it is converted into data ΔF in frequency expression. That is, in this conversion, the variable pitch data is converted into frequency-expressed data ΔF by the row data conversion circuit 50 according to the following equation, and the fluctuating pitch data is given to the adder 35, and is generated from the reference pitch data generation circuit 32 in accordance with the pressed key. Modulate the reference pitch data. Note that the cent/frequency data conversion circuit 5° may be replaced with a circuit that converts the cent value into frequency ratio data, and the adder 35 may be replaced with a multiplier or the like.

In addition, in FIGS. 6 and 8, the interpolation circuit 18 may be moved to the subsequent stage of the modulation adder 35 as in the example of FIG.

Also, in the cases of FIGS. 6 and 8, the modulation of the reference pitch by the fluctuating pitch data output from the interpolation circuit 18 is as follows:
The process may be performed on the musical tone signal after the musical tone signal is generated based on the reference pitch data.

In addition, in FIG. 6, the memories 43 and 44 may store pitch data itself, such as that stored in the memories 13 and 14 in FIG. 1, instead of the fluctuating pitch data. In that case, the reference pitch data generation circuit 32, adder 35, and subtracter 42 can be omitted, and the pitch data detected by the pitch detection circuit 41 can be directly transferred to the memory 43.
．． 44 data input DI.

Note that the pitch data (pitch information) is not limited to the phase increment value (or phase decrement value) such as the frequency number mentioned above.
The data may be a division value or other appropriate data; in short, it may be any data that can set the frequency of the musical tone to be generated.

Furthermore, although the above embodiments have been described with respect to digital electronic musical instruments, the present invention can also be applied to analog electronic musical instruments. For example, if the tone generator is an analog music synthesizer, the pitch data memories 13.14 and variable pitch data memories 33.34 in FIGS. 1 and 4 may store analog voltages as pitch data or variable pitch data. Make it.

The present invention is not limited to pitch variation characteristics corresponding to the rising, sustaining, and falling parts of a musical tone as shown in FIG. can also be applied.

Of course, it can also be applied to achieve pitch modulation effects such as vibrato, attack pitch, and glide.

In that case, the pitch data memory or the variable pitch data memory may store data suitable for the pitch modulation effect to be achieved.

In each of the above embodiments, the case of monophonic pronunciation is explained, but it can also be implemented in the case of polyphonic pronunciation.

In that case, the pitch data memory, interpolation circuit, etc. may be time-divisionally shared among the plurality of tone generation channels.

Note that interpolation may be performed using pitch information of three or more sample points. Furthermore, the at least two sample points to be interpolated are not limited to adjacent sample points, and may be spaced apart to some extent, such as every other or every second sample point.

In addition, the pitch data memory (or variable pitch data memory) for the rising part and sustaining part, the pitch data memory (or variable pitch data memory) for the falling part, and the reference pitch data memory are common in terms of hardware. It may be a memory device. In that case, pitch data (rising part, sustaining part, falling part, etc.) for each memory area (
or variable pitch data), and reading of data from each memory area is controlled in a time-division manner.

Further, the embodiments shown in FIGS. 6 and 8 can also be implemented without the interpolation circuit.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As described above, according to the present invention, pitch information of a musical tone whose pitch changes over time at a plurality of sample points set on the time axis is interpolated between at least two sample points, and obtained by interpolation. Since the pitch of the musical tone signal is set based on the pitch information, even if the sampling of the musical tone pitch is somewhat rough, a highly accurate pitch change can be imparted to the generated sound. Therefore, the configuration of the means (for example, memory) for generating pitch information for each sample point can be simplified. Furthermore, if the accuracy of the pitch information of each sample point to be interpolated is good, the accuracy is further improved by interpolation, so that even more accurate pitch changes can be imparted to the generated sound.

Further, according to the present invention, by setting pitch information to be interpolated as variable pitch information indicating pitch variation with respect to a reference pitch, a storage device that stores pitch information for each sample point (that is, variable pitch information) can be used. Capacity can be saved. Additionally, such fluctuating pitch information can be used in common for multiple pitches, so in that case, storage capacity is saved even more than when pitch information for multiple sample points is stored for each pitch. be able to.

Further, according to the present invention, any external sound is input, the pitch of this external sound is detected at multiple sample points on the time axis, and pitch information (or fluctuating pitch information) based on the detected pitch is stored in the storage device. Since the pitch information (or variable pitch information) thus stored is used as the object of interpolation, it is possible to freely set the mode of pitch variation in the generated sound.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of an electronic musical instrument according to the present invention. FIG. 2(a) is a waveform diagram showing an example of a change in musical tone amplitude from the start to the end of sound generation, and FIG. 2(b) is a graph showing an example of a temporal change in the pitch of a musical tone as shown in FIG. 2(a). , FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an example of the interpolation circuit in FIG. 1, and FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing another embodiment of the present invention, in which parts of the pitch information generation circuit and interpolation circuit in FIG. indicates the part to be replaced with. FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a modification of FIG. 4. FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing still another embodiment of the present invention, and similarly to FIG. 4, it shows parts to be replaced with specific parts in FIG. FIG. 8 is a waveform diagram showing an example of input/output data of the envelope state detection circuit, and FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing a modification of FIG. 6. 10... Keyboard, 12... Pitch information generation circuit, 13
．． 14...Pitch data memory, 16.17.46.
47... Address generator, 18... Interpolation circuit, 28
. . . Phase data generation circuit, 29 . . Tone generator, 32 . . Reference pitch data generation circuit, 33.3
4゜43.44.53.54... Fluctuation pitch data memory, 35... Adder for reference pitch modulation, 37...
Microphone, 40... Envelope level detection circuit, 41... Pitch detection circuit, 45... Envelope state detection circuit, 48... Approximate reference pitch data generation circuit.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. Pitch information generating means for sequentially generating pitch information of a musical tone whose pitch changes over time at a plurality of sample points set on the time axis as first pitch information; interpolating means for interpolating the generated first pitch information between at least two sample points and outputting second pitch information as the interpolation result; and a pitch corresponding to the second pitch information based on the second pitch information. An electronic musical instrument comprising a musical tone signal generating means for generating a musical tone signal. 2. The pitch information generating means includes a pitch information storage means that stores the first pitch information corresponding to each sample point, and a reading means that reads the first pitch information from the pitch information storage means. An electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, which comprises: 3. The pitch information storage means stores the plurality of first pitch information corresponding to a plurality of pitches of the musical tones, and the reading means stores the plurality of first pitch information corresponding to the pitches of the musical tones to be generated. 3. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 2, wherein a plurality of pieces of first pitch information are selected and sequentially read out over time. 4. The pitch information storage means stores at least the plurality of first pitch information regarding the rising part of the musical tone and the plurality of first pitch information regarding the falling part of the musical tone, and the reading means: A plurality of pieces of first pitch information regarding the rising portion of the musical tone are sequentially read out in response to a key pressing operation instructing that a musical tone should be generated, and a falling portion of the musical tone in response to a key release operation. 3. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 2, wherein a plurality of pieces of first pitch information relating to the pitch are sequentially read out. 5. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein the first pitch information generated by the pitch information generating means is capable of realizing temporal fluctuations in musical tone pitch corresponding to a vibrato effect. 6. The pitch information generating means includes a reference pitch information generating means that generates reference pitch information corresponding to the pitch of a musical tone to be generated, and a plurality of samples that sample changes in musical tone pitch over time on the time axis. fluctuating pitch information storage means for storing fluctuating pitch information; reading means for reading the fluctuating pitch information from the fluctuating pitch information storage means; modulating the reference pitch information with the fluctuating pitch information, and transmitting the modulation result to the 2. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, further comprising modulation means for outputting pitch information as one pitch information. 7. Reference pitch information generation means for generating reference pitch information corresponding to the pitch of a musical tone to be generated, and a plurality of first variable pitch information samples on the time axis of variations in musical tone pitch over time. a variable pitch information storage means for storing the first variable pitch information; a reading means for reading out the first variable pitch information from the variable pitch information storage means;
interpolation means for interpolating between two sample points and outputting second variable pitch information as the interpolation result; and a reference pitch corresponding to the reference pitch information based on the reference pitch information and the second variable pitch information. The second
means for generating a musical tone signal having a pitch modulated according to a pitch variation corresponding to the variation pitch information of the electronic musical instrument. 8. The variable pitch information storage means stores the plurality of first variable pitch information corresponding to a plurality of pitches or ranges of musical tones, and the readout means stores the plurality of first variable pitch information corresponding to a plurality of pitches or ranges of musical tones, and the readout means 8. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 7, wherein the plurality of first variable pitch information corresponding to a musical range are selected and sequentially read out over time. 9. The means for generating a musical tone signal includes a modulating means for modulating the reference pitch information with the second variable pitch information, and a musical tone signal having a pitch corresponding to the modulated pitch information based on the pitch information modulated by the modulating means. 8. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 7, further comprising musical tone signal generating means. 10. An input means for inputting an external sound signal such as a voice or musical tone; and a pitch detection means for detecting the pitch of the signal inputted by the input means at each of a plurality of sample points set on the time axis. , storage means for storing pitch information related to the pitch of each detected sample point; reading means for reading out the pitch information from the storage means; and at least first pitch information based on the read pitch information. interpolating means for interpolating between two sample points and outputting second pitch information as the interpolation result; pitch specifying means for specifying the pitch of a musical tone to be generated; and specifying by the pitch specifying means. and a musical tone signal generating means for generating a musical tone signal corresponding to a pitch set according to the second pitch information. 11. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 10, wherein the pitch information stored in the storage means is information indicating the pitch of each detected sample point. 12. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 10, wherein the pitch information stored in the storage means is information indicating a pitch deviation between a predetermined reference pitch and the pitch of each detected sample point. 13. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 12, wherein the predetermined reference pitch is a reference pitch of a pitch specified by the pitch specifying means. 14. Claim 12, wherein the predetermined reference pitch is the reference pitch closest to the pitch detected by the pitch detection means among a plurality of reference pitches corresponding to each pitch.
Electronic musical instruments listed in section. 15. The storage means stores pitch information for each sample point corresponding to each pitch or its range that can be specified by the pitch designation means, and the readout means According to any one of claims 10 to 14, the pitch information for each sample point corresponding to the pitch or range thereof specified by the means is selected and read out sequentially over time. Electronic musical instruments listed. 16. The first pitch information is the pitch information itself read from the storage means, and the musical tone signal generating means generates a musical tone signal having a pitch corresponding to the second pitch information based on the second pitch information. 12. An electronic musical instrument according to claim 11. 17. The first pitch information is the pitch information itself read from the storage means, and the musical tone signal generation means is configured to generate the pitch according to the predetermined standard corresponding to the pitch designated by the pitch designation means. 13. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 12, wherein the electronic musical instrument generates a musical tone signal having a pitch modulated according to the second pitch information. 18. The first pitch information is obtained by modulating the reference pitch information corresponding to the pitch specified by the pitch specifying means with the pitch information read from the storage means, and the first pitch information is obtained by modulating the reference pitch information corresponding to the pitch specified by the pitch specifying means, and 13. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 12, wherein the means generates a musical tone signal having a pitch corresponding to the second pitch information based on the second pitch information. 19. The input means includes means for detecting an amplitude envelope of the input signal, and means for detecting at least a rising edge and a falling edge of the input signal based on the detected envelope, and the storage means is configured to detect the amplitude envelope of the input signal. In response to the detection of the rising part and the falling part, the pitch information is stored separately into the rising part and the falling part, and the reading means is configured to detect the rising part and the falling part in response to a key press operation as the pitch specifying means. 11. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 10, wherein the pitch information of the falling part is read out, and the pitch information of the falling part is read out in response to a key release operation of the key.