JPS6119432A - Improved greenhouse - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] (Industrial Application Field) This invention relates to an improved greenhouse, which can be used to grow various vegetables, flowers, etc., especially during the winter season.
It is useful for cultivating and raising seeds, seedlings, etc.

(Prior art) Greenhouses are indispensable facilities for the year-round production of crops such as vegetables and flowers, especially for the winter cultivation of cucumbers, tomatoes, eggplants, peppers, etc., which were originally cultivated mainly in the summer. As agricultural materials such as polyvinyl chloride film and polyethylene film became available at low cost, they rapidly became popular.

However, the conventionally used greenhouses are not necessarily satisfactory in terms of internal temperature control, so they are not widely used. That is, especially in winter, the temperature inside the greenhouse increases during the daytime due to solar energy that passes through the transparent covering that constitutes the greenhouse. However, as the sun sets, the outside temperature rapidly drops, and along with this, the temperature inside the greenhouse also drops rapidly, and this tendency is particularly noticeable near the surrounding walls.

On the other hand, in plants, starch produced in leaves through photosynthesis during the day is translocated to other parts of the plant, such as fruits and organs, after sunset, and plays important functions for fruit maturation, root development, etc. A certain degree of temperature is required to promote the O translocation of the produced starch. However, as mentioned above, the temperature inside the greenhouse drops rapidly after sunset, which impedes starch translocation, which delays crop growth.
``This was causing a decrease in yield. Therefore, the boiler
etc. to compensate for this.

As described above, one of the reasons why the temperature inside the greenhouse decreases after sunset is that the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the greenhouse increases due to the drop in outside temperature after sunset. The heat of 〇 can be considered to be dissipated through the flow.

In general, transparent coating materials, including glass, have a high heat transmittance (they allow heat to pass through easily), so as a countermeasure, there are methods such as using a heat insulating material at the waist of the GREE-7 Norus peripheral wall, and using multiple layers of transparent coating materials. It has been implemented.

However, although these methods require a large amount of equipment cost, they do not necessarily provide a satisfactory heat retention effect. Therefore, what if temperature is absolutely necessary? I was able to get the required temperature.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) The present inventors have proposed a method for maintaining a relatively high temperature in a greenhouse at night using low equipment costs and simple means, and in particular a method for promoting starch O translocation during the day. The purpose of this project is to develop a method that maintains the temperature inside the greenhouse relatively high for several hours immediately after the greenhouse dies, and also prevents a significant temperature drop near the surrounding wall, which could not be prevented using conventional methods. The flow state and temperature distribution of the air inside were studied in detail.

As a result, as shown in Figure 2, as the outside temperature rapidly drops after sunset, the air 22 in the upper part of the house that is in contact with the cladding material is cooled, while inside the house, the soil heat accumulates. The temperature is the highest, and the air in contact with the soil is heated and an updraft 21 is generated.

This airflow is cooled at the top of the house, and flows down along the walls 23 while being further cooled, and this airflow forms a rising airflow 21 on the house wall (forming convection). Through this repetition, the overall temperature inside the house increases. At the same time, as shown in Fig. 3, the above-mentioned problems can be solved at once by cutting off the descending cold air 23 near the contact point between the floor surface and the peripheral wall. They discovered this surprising fact and completed this invention based on this knowledge.

(Means for solving the problem) That is, as shown in FIG. It will be resolved by Zhou.

In this invention, a greenhouse covered with a transparent covering material refers to a greenhouse in which the surface of the cultivated land is covered with an artificial structure so as to form a certain space between the surface of the cultivated land and the structure. It also includes all structures in which the whole or part of the structure is made of transparent material, which are generally referred to as greenhouses, hotbeds, greenhouses, etc.

The term "screen" refers to a membrane-like or plate-like structure for blocking or obstructing the flow of air. As shown in Figure 3, the screen of this invention is intended to block the flow of cold air descending along the inner surface of the greenhouse cladding near the contact point between the ground surface and the lower part of the cladding, that is, the surrounding wall. Therefore, the material may be any material as long as it can substantially block or obstruct air flow and has some degree of heat insulation properties, and is not particularly limited as long as it satisfies these conditions. However, from a practical point of view, durability,
It is preferable to use materials that are easy to handle, economical, and easy to install. As for the kind, Gu2Sti,
Foam materials, Norasuti, sheet materials, plywood, thick paper (such as Dangale paper), thick non-woven fabrics, jutan, car, rubber materials, bodies, etc. can be mentioned, and the types of shapes include: Thick plate shape, flat plate shape, corrugated plate shape, lithine shape (juxtaposition of vertically long materials), 2-inch shape (juxtaposition of horizontally long materials)
, loop shape, curtain shape, etc. can be used.

Also, a specific screen material or its shape can be selected to achieve a specific effect. For example, by using a particularly highly insulating material, it is possible to protect the plants from the cold radiation caused by the cold air in the air kerat 3 formed between the screen and the nous wall. In addition, by using a highly reflective material as a screen, such as aluminum laminate or aluminum vapor-deposited film, or by pasting it on the inner surface of another screen material, sunlight can be used effectively during the day.
At night, the heat rays radiated from the ground surface inside the house are reflected, and at the same time, the cold radiation from the outside air is reflected, making it possible to effectively utilize the heat. Furthermore, by using a transparent material such as glass, transparent glass, or continuous foamed glass as the screen material, it is possible to avoid blocking the light rays that have passed through the coating material on the side closer to the screen. , this can also be fully incorporated.

The method of installing the screen is selected depending on the material, strength, etc. of the screen. For example, when using a thick plate-like material such as a foam board, the forest itself can be directly buried in the ground [Fig. 4(a)].

In this case, for example, an L-shaped plate is used as the screen material,
By making one side of the board protrude from the ground surface as a screen and burying the other part underground, heat release can be prevented and soil temperature can be maintained [Figure 4 (b) to (d)]
. Moreover, when using a thin rigid plate-like body, stakes can be installed at predetermined positions, and the screen can be fixed to the stakes, for example. In addition, when using flexible materials such as jutan, carpet, body, como, etc., for example, stakes can be installed at predetermined positions, girders can be installed on the piles, and the material can be suspended from the piles.

The screen can also be removably installed. In this case, it can be removed during the day to avoid blocking the incident light by the screen, and can be attached at night to obtain a heat-retaining effect. Furthermore, the screen can be installed so that it can be folded (Fig. 6(C)), rolled up (1), or expanded and contracted (Fig. 6(a), (b)).

Such a screen configuration is a regen-like screen!
This is accomplished by installing lined screens, curtain screens, blind screens, etc. using conventional techniques. With a screen constructed in this way, it can be folded, rolled up, or contracted during the day to allow sufficient light to enter, and at night the screen can be formed to provide a heat-retaining effect. be able to.

In addition, the heat retention efficiency can be further increased by using the screen together with the insulation material on the surrounding wall of the house [No. 4]
Figure (@), (f)).

The height of the screen is selected depending on the type of crops to be cultivated, the material of the screen, etc. The higher the height, the better in order to effectively block and capture the cold air flow that descends along the peripheral wall of the house and keep it warm at night, but on the other hand,
As the height increases, the area that passes through the covering material on the side closer to the screen and blocks the incident light rays becomes larger, so that less heat is taken in during the daytime. For this reason, it is appropriate for the height of the screen to be 20 cIn or more and 1 m or less.l)
In order to protect the crop from direct blows from cold air, it is best to keep it at least as high as the plant height of the crop, or slightly higher.

That is, if the height of the screen cannot be changed, the height of the screen should be the same as or slightly higher than the final plant height of the crop, and the screen should be configured so that its height can be changed. If [Figure 6 (b)
] It is preferable to adjust the height of the line and screen to a position that is equal to or slightly higher than the plant height of the crop at that point, depending on the growth of the crop.

However, when a translucent material is used as the screen material, a higher screen can be installed because the rate of daytime incident light being restricted by the screen is small. Furthermore, even taller screens can be used if the screen is configured to be removable or foldable and is removed or folded during the day and used only at night.

If the distance between the screen and the house surrounding wall is too short, cold air cannot be effectively captured, so it is preferable that the distance between the other side and the side of the house wall of the screen is 3 cIn to 30 cm. <, 5crIt to 15cM is particularly preferable.

Normally, the screen is installed perpendicular to the ground surface, but it is also possible, for example, to tilt it towards the center of the house [Figure 5 (a)] to ensure a wide outlet for the descending cold air. It can also be tilted toward the peripheral wall of the house (see Figure 5 (b).
)] It is also possible to limit the overflow of captured cold air.

(Effects of the invention) As mentioned above, in the greenhouse of this invention,
Since the screen 1 is arranged at a certain distance from the peripheral wall of the house so as to be in contact with the ground along the waist part 2 of the peripheral wall, the cold air 23 that has descended along the peripheral wall flows between the screen and the peripheral wall. The air blur formed in the soil is captured by the soil, thereby preventing a drop in soil temperature and greenhouse temperature during the night, and reducing the amount of air above the ground surface during the most critical period for starch translocation, especially during the hours just after sunset. This reduces the temperature of the space in which the crops exist and prevents cold radiation to the crops, resulting in smooth growth of the crops and increased yields. In addition, crops on the bed closest to the peripheral wall are prevented from being directly hit by cold air, ensuring uniform growth of crops within the greenhouse.

Furthermore, the screen of this invention has 1. Since the air convection path inside the greenhouse is blocked, the convection is noticeably slow, and the heat 27 is transported from the ground surface to just below the ceiling of the cladding material, flows through the cladding material, and is released to the outside. Heat retention throughout the greenhouse is ensured. It is also effective for greenhouses heated by daisy.

Next, the present invention will be specifically explained using examples.

Example This experiment was carried out over a two-month period from February to April by cultivating Nippi peppers in a plastic greenhouse with a U-shape.

The vinyl house was a 4.0 m x 49.0 m magazine covered with vinyl sheets in two layers in a crisscross shape, and the number of beds was three rows. The green peppers were transplanted on February 22nd.
Harvested on March 21st. The experimental area was as follows.

Control building Niscreen will not be installed.

Experiment building ■: Extruded polystyrene foam plate [thickness 25 mm, color blue, product name Styroah Ohm GK (registered trademark) 1
It was installed inside the greenhouse in close contact with the covered wall of the greenhouse. The height above ground is 60 to 70 m, and the underground length is 20 to 3 m.
It was set to 0m.

Experimental Building ■: The same construction as Experimental Building I was carried out. However, an extruded polystyrene foam plate (thickness 12 m, colored cream, trade name Woodrack) was used.

Experimental Building ■: This experimental building has four experimental areas. In other words, a 25 m thick screen (extruded polystyrene plate color blue, trade name Styrofoam GK) was placed on 1/2 of the length of the experimental building, 50 to 55 crn above the ground, 5 crn underground.
An air pocket was provided by setting the air pressure to 10 crR. The experimental area using this screen was further divided into two, one with a distance between the screen and the covering material of 5 cln,
The other one was 10m. The other 1/2 in the length direction has a thickness of 1
A 5-cod screen (extruded foamed polystyrene plate, color-toned cream, trade name: Woodrack) was installed in the same manner as described above, and the distance between the burnt screen and the covering material was set to two types: 5 cIn and 10 F.

Next, Table 1 shows an example of the results of measuring temperatures inside and outside the building. This temperature measurement was carried out at a height of 30 crn from the ground surface, 10 crn inside from the screen, and at the 174th point in the longitudinal direction for each experimental section, and the average value was taken as the temperature of each experimental section.

In addition, the plant height and yield of green peppers one month after construction (mid-March) were as follows.

Q (Bottom margin) It is clear from this Table 1 that when the screen of this invention is applied, the temperature inside the building at night is higher than that of the target building that did not use insulation. Approximately 2 degrees Celsius compared to when the material is installed closely to the surrounding wall (Experimental Buildings 1 and 2)
it was high.

As a result, as shown in Table 2, in the greenhouse of the present invention (experimental building 3), the plant height of the peppers was taller than in the other buildings, and the yield and quality were improved.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the greenhouse of the present invention, Fig. 2 shows the state of air flow in the greenhouse of the prior art, and Fig. 3 shows the state of air flow in the greenhouse of the present invention. and FIGS. 4-6 illustrate various methods of installing the screen of this invention. In the figure, 1 is the screen of the present invention, 2 is the waist of the peripheral wall of the house, 3 is an air pocket, 5 is a transparent covering material, 21-2
6 indicates the flow state of air. 10th (e) (f) 60th (Q) (b) (C8)

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A green house characterized in that a screen is placed inside a greenhouse covered with a transparent covering material, at a constant distance from the peripheral wall of the house, and in contact with the ground surface along the waist of the peripheral wall. .