JPS61141689A - Method of removing bad smell and manufacturing humus acid simultaneously - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Field of the Invention] The present invention removes the bad odor of excrement such as animal feces and human feces, while at the same time artificially producing humic acid useful for soil improvement using these excrements as raw materials. Regarding the method.

[Background technology]

Crops use inorganic matter as nutrients to create organic matter, and after the organic matter is used by animals, it is mineralized by microorganisms and absorbed again as nutrients by the crops. This natural cycle maintains the continuity of agriculture.

However, in recent years, as a result of the separation and specialization of crop farmers and livestock farmers in order to increase agricultural productivity, the natural cycle that should exist has been disrupted, resulting in several serious adverse effects.

One is the problem of large amounts of excrement generated from livestock farming. In other words, livestock farms generate large amounts of excrement such as livestock manure due to mechanization and larger scale farming.

The average amount of excrement from these livestock has now reached 5,6007 tons per year, of which only 60,000 to 70,000 tons (approximately 0,001%) is used as fertilizer, and the rest is dumped in the mountains and fields. As a result, the current situation is that the management of the farm itself is under threat, causing odor pollution in the vicinity and contamination of rivers and lakes.

On the other hand, for crop farmers, the heavy use of chemical fertilizers is leading to soil depletion due to a lack of organic matter, which is the root of soil fertility, and this is causing the global problem of topsoil runoff.

Various livestock manure fertilizer processing methods are known to solve these problems, but none of them are satisfactory due to the following drawbacks.

That is, the dry processing method, in which animal manure is dried under the sun, heavy oil (firepower), etc. and turned into fertilizer, produces an intolerable odor during processing. In particular, the heavy oil drying method is rarely used at present because of its pronounced odor. In addition, the solar drying method not only causes odor pollution but also cannot process large quantities and is affected by the weather and season, making it difficult to commercialize and is only used for home consumption. Moreover, all of these dry processing methods have the disadvantage that when the fertilizer product contains moisture, it returns to its original form.

For this reason, the fermentation treatment method that ferments animal dung and other materials to turn it into fertilizer has become mainstream today, but this method requires 30% of the processing time.
It takes 120 days on average, 60 days on average, and the amount of processing per day is limited due to the large space required.Also, the bad odor continues to be generated for a long period of time during the fermentation process, causing new pollution. . Furthermore, since complete fermentation is difficult, the product produced as fertilizer is uneven, and secondary fermentation generates a bad odor, making commercialization difficult.

As described above, the conventional livestock manure treatment method has problems with the bad odor during and after treatment and the treatment time, and also has the following serious drawbacks in terms of soil fertilization. That is,
Both the dry method and the fermentation method simply compost livestock manure, so it completely decomposes quickly and does not produce humic substances, which are the source of soil fertility. Therefore, although it has a function as a fertilizer, it cannot be used as a soil improvement agent to strengthen soil fertility.

Incidentally, a treatment method is known in which sawdust is mixed with livestock manure and fermented, but while the livestock manure in the mixture decomposes quickly, sawdust does not decompose easily, so it not only does not have the function of soil improvement. Only sawdust has the disadvantage of remaining undecomposed in the soil as a layered obstruction.

[Purpose of the invention]

In view of the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to remove the bad odor generated from excrements such as livestock feces and human feces, and to artificially generate humic acid useful for soil improvement using these excrements as raw materials. The aim is to simultaneously solve the problem of odor pollution and soil exhaustion due to lack of organic matter.

Another object of the present invention is to artificially produce humic acid close to natural products in a short period of time.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing artificial humic acid with uniformity in the water content of raw materials and additives.

[Summary of the invention]

The inventor of the present invention has conducted various researches in order to eliminate pollution such as bad odors from large amounts of livestock manure and create an effective fertilizer.
Animal excrement, human excrement, etc. are used as raw materials, sphagnum peat or sphagnum peat and geninsulfonic acid are mixed as an additive to this raw material, and this mixture is heated at at least 60°C in a reaction tank.
Above, at least the step of pressurized kneading, drying at least a part of the kneaded mixture, circulation mixing into the mixture of raw material excrement and additives before pressurized kneading, and repeating the pressurized kneading again. Humic acid can be artificially produced in a short time by applying it once.

[Embodiments of the invention]

Natural soil humic acid, which is produced over long periods in the soil by organic matter and microorganisms, has a variable chemical structure, but 50% of its constituents are dark-colored, consisting of amino acids, glycosamines, aromatic compounds, and functional groups. It is a substance.

Among these, the composition of amino acids and glycosamines has extremely high concentrations of amino acids and amino sugars that are specifically contained in microorganisms, and this is due to the remains of the microorganisms.

In addition, aromatic compounds are mainly composed of lignin, which is difficult to be decomposed by microorganisms, and are composed of other organic substances and intermediate metabolites of microorganisms.

In other words, humus is an acidic, dark-colored compound produced by repeated polycondensation of aromatic compounds derived from plants and animals, microbial remains, and intermediate metabolites of microorganisms with butide compounds in the presence of carbohydrates. It is known to be a polymeric substance.

The feature of the present invention is that electricity storage excreta (human, chicken, pig, cow, etc.)
(hereinafter referred to as livestock dung) is used as a raw material, and an additive mainly composed of sphagnum moss peat is mixed therewith and then kneaded under pressure. After drying at least a part of the reaction product after mixing,
The purpose is to mix the raw material feces before kneading under pressure with a mixture of the additives and further knead them under pressure to produce humic acid.

■ In general, animal excrement from chickens, pigs, etc. and human excrement contain (1) protein ff, which is made up of various intestinal bacteria and undigested matter,
(2) Cellulose, hemicellulose,! It contains organic components such as carbohydrates such as starch, (4) lignin, and (4) intestinal mucilage, which is an amino sugar. Since these animal manures are easily decomposed, they are easily completely decomposed in the soil and are difficult to turn into humus. Therefore, as shown in Figure 1, the present invention involves the addition of sphagnum peat, which is a lower plant material containing a large amount of soluble carbohydrates, hemicellulose, and quinone-based substances, as a main component to livestock manure as a raw material. Add the ingredients and mix thoroughly. - Here, sphagnum peat is a general term for the upper layer of sphagnum moss and the lower layer of sphagnum moss that has turned into peat, and is intended to mean both.

As the additive, sphagnum peat alone or a mixture of sphagnum peat and lignin sulfonic acid/acid (for example, sphagnum peat 70% by weight to lignin/sulfonic acid 30% by weight) is used.

In other words, the lignin contained in humic acid as a product is important in suppressing the rapid decomposition of humic acid in the soil, increasing the long-term soil improvement effect, and promoting the formation of aggregate structures in the soil. The raw material is cow dung, which is approximately 29.8
%, pig manure contains about 13.8%, chicken manure contains about 8.5% lignin, and sphagnum peat itself also contains a small amount of lignin. If there is a lot of humic acid, or if you want to obtain humic acid that decomposes relatively quickly, you can add only sphagnum peat as an additive.
On the other hand, when using raw material manure with a low lignin content or when producing humic acid which decomposes slowly, it is advantageous to use sphagnum peat as the main additive, with the addition of lignin sulfonic acid.

Since these additives are relatively easy to decompose except for the aurigenin component, they can be used as they are, but there is a difference in the reaction decomposition conditions with the raw material feces in the next reaction process.The above acid treatment of the additives only increases the reaction promotion effect. Depending on the acidity used, it has the effect of fixing ammonia into ammonia nitrate or ammonia sulfate, and is also advantageous in deodorizing raw material feces.

The mixing ratio of additives to raw material feces is 2 to 60% by weight.
is within a practicable range, but it is preferably about 10 to 30% from the viewpoint of reaction rate, product quality, etc.

In this way, by mixing the additives into the raw material feces, the pre-reaction step and the deodorizing treatment of the raw material feces can be performed at the same time.
Become.

In other words, the components that give off the bad odor of livestock manure are mainly ammonia, methylcaptan, hydrogen sulfide, trimethylamine, methyl disulfide, etc., which are produced by (1) reaction with the functional group of the additive rigenin, and (2) acid treatment. (3) odor adsorption by sphagnum peat;
4) It is effectively deodorized by reactions with organic acids and quinones eluted from sphagnum peat. Considering that this means that the bad odor is already gone at the time when the additive is mixed with the raw material feces, the above-mentioned process of the present invention is extremely significant in preventing bad odor pollution.

Next, the mixture of raw material light and additives is thoroughly mixed in a reaction tank while being kneaded under pressure at 60°C or higher, preferably at 80°C.
Decompose and react at high temperatures around 0°C.

By kneading the mixture of raw material light and additives under high temperature and high pressure conditions, we can produce fecal intestinal bacteria protein, undigested protein,
When amino sugars etc. in intestinal mucus are decomposed, these decomposition products and modified lignin and/or in raw materials and additives are
Or, quinone-based substances and decomposition products of soluble carbohydrates contained in sphagnum peat react with each other, and mainly,
(1) A complex of IJ genin and amino acids and, if the decomposition is shallow, a complex with tongue/grip (2) Quinone substances and amino acid compounds (3) Carbohydrate decomposition products and amino acid compounds are produced. at the same time,
During pressurized kneading, other substances contained in small amounts also undergo decomposition and polycondensation in a complex manner.

Next, at least a portion of the product obtained by subjecting the mixture of raw material light and additives to a decomposition reaction by pressure kneading is sufficiently dried to make it easier to decompose undecomposed intestinal bacteria and their cell walls. This is mixed into the unreacted mixture of raw material light and additives, and the above-mentioned pressurized mixture is repeated. Although the amount used for drying and mixing is not necessarily constant depending on the progress of the reaction and the water content of the raw materials, it is usually possible to circulate about 50% of the pressure-kneaded ←mine→4 product.

As a more preferable implementation, it is also possible to detect the water content of the mixture of raw material light and additives before pressurized kneading, and adjust the amount of mixture in accordance with the detected value.

For convenience, the step □ of drying a part of the resulting product and repeatedly pressurizing and kneading it with the unreacted mixture will be referred to as the repeated drying step. The reasons and advantages of providing such repeated drying steps are as follows.

In other words, approximately 1/3 of the raw material light is intestinal microorganisms, but these intestinal bacteria are difficult to decompose compared to other substances due to their unique cell wall structure. It is difficult to obtain humic acid, which undergoes an advanced decomposition reaction.

In addition, because the rate of reaction progress is uniform in pressurized kneading only once, there is a difference in the degree of polycondensation and structural non-uniform substances such as soil humic acid in the natural world. There is a problem in that the quality of the produced humic acid varies depending on the water content.

In the present invention, these problems can be solved simultaneously by carrying out the drying process described above.

Therefore, the present invention does not necessarily limit the drying process to one time, but includes cases where the drying process is repeated several times as necessary.

As described above, dark-colored humic acid is produced by sequentially performing the mixing process of raw material light and additives, the pressurizing and mixing process of the mixture, and the drying process of one or several times.

Humic acid can be produced in large quantities in a short period of time by the method of the present invention using a series of apparatuses described below. The Western-style room will be explained below with reference to FIGS. 2 to 4.

The raw material light is kneaded by a twin screw 3 operated by a motor 2 from a raw material light tank 1, and then sent into the mixer 5 from an input port 6 of the mixer 5 via a feeding A-build 4. On the other hand, the additive consisting of sphagnum peat or a mixture of sphagnum peat and geninsulfonic acid is fed into the mixer 5 from the additive tank 7 via the belt feeder 8 from the input port 6 of the mixer 50, after being acid-treated as necessary. supplied to In this way, the raw material light and the additives are combined in the mixer 5, and are pushed to the outlet side 5' while simultaneously performing mixing and deodorizing treatment in the scrubber mixer 5 operated by the motor 9.

The outlet side 5' of the mixer 5 is connected to a twin-screw continuous pressure kneader 11.
A feeding device 12' operated by a motor 12 is interposed in the mother tube 10 and communicates with the mother tube 10.
It is planned to be introduced in

In the internal axial direction of the pressurized mixer 11, as shown in FIG.
A pair of shafts 11C911c to which 1b is fixedly mounted are pivoted in parallel and assembled to the motor 13 so as to rotate multiple times.

In this way, the mixture of raw material feces and additives is pressurized by the screw 111L in the pressurized kneader 11, mixed with the stirring blade 11b and mixed by 1*1r, so that at least 60
The temperature is raised to above .degree. C., preferably around 80.degree. C., and the decomposition and reaction are carried out at this high temperature and high pressure. Note that 14 is a temperature detector.

The pressurized mixer 11 has an internal product take-out device 15 such as a screw comparator for taking out the product as a product on the rear end side.
and a conveying means 17 such as a belt conveyor that communicates with the dryer 16 and a discharge control device 18 for selectively or simultaneously conveying internal products to the product take-out device 15 and the conveying means 17 in a desired ratio. are doing.

The dryer 16 has one end side, that is, the upstream side, connected to the conveying means 17.
The other end side, that is, the downstream side, is installed so as to communicate with the inside of the mixer 5 via a supply device 19 such as a belt feeder and an input port 20. There is. Therefore, the reaction product sent out from the conveying means 17 of the pressure kneading machine 11 is dried to a desired degree of dryness by the dryer 16, and then circulated to the mixing I@5.
After being mixed with the subsequent mixture of raw material feces and additives supplied into the mixer 5, it is again kneaded in the pressure mixer 11 under high temperature and pressure, and the decomposition and reaction are repeated.

After repeating the above steps, when the reaction product in the pressurized mixer 11 is formed into humic acid with the desired structure, it is discharged from the product take-out device 15 and molded into powder or K-molded. and pack it into bags. Incidentally, it is of course possible to take out the product while maintaining circulation to the dryer 16, and the series of steps can be continuously operated without interruption.

If desired, a sensor 21 for detecting the moisture content of the internal mixture is attached to the mixer 5, and the output signal of the sensor 21 controls the supply amount of the supply device 19 between the dryer 16 and the mixer 5. Accordingly, the amount of the dry product mixed into the mixer 5 can be adjusted depending on the moisture content of the mixture in the mixer 5. With this configuration, even if the moisture content of the raw material feces varies, the moisture content of the humic acid produced can be automatically kept constant, thereby making it possible to homogenize the product.

Incidentally, when the method of the present invention is carried out using the above-mentioned apparatus, the time required from inputting the raw materials to taking out the product is approximately 40 minutes.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As described above, the method of the present invention can mass-produce humic acid useful as an organic fertilizer in a short time while removing the bad odor of raw material accumulated feces, and thus can simultaneously achieve prevention of bad odor pollution and soil improvement. Since bad odors are already eliminated from the initial process of special processing, it becomes easier to secure workers and processing areas, increasing the number of uses.

Therefore, since there is no need to leave phosphorescence unattended, it can greatly contribute to the prevention of foul odor pollution and pollution.

Furthermore, since a portion of the product is repeatedly decomposed, reacted and mixed, the product humic acid is composed of a variety of miscellaneous components, ranging from those that have undergone advanced decomposition and reaction to those that have only slightly decomposed and reacted. Therefore, soil improvement effects can be obtained over a long period of time, similar to natural soil humic acids.

Furthermore, when the method of the present invention is carried out using the above-mentioned apparatus, since the steps are carried out continuously, the processing time is short, and humic acid with no unevenness can be obtained.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a flow sheet showing the processing steps of the method of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a plan view showing an example of an apparatus for carrying out the present invention, and FIG.
The figure is a side view of the same, and FIG. 4 is an enlarged sectional view of the main part of FIG. 2. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Raw material excrement tank, 5... Mixer, 7... Additive tank, 11... Pressure kneading machine, 12... Delivery device, 15... Product take-out device, 16...・Dryer, 1
9... Supply device, 21... Sensor.

Claims (5)

[Claims] (1) Mixing additives mainly made of sphagnum peat with the raw material accumulated dung, kneading the mixture under pressure at 60°C or higher,
After at least a part of the pressure-kneaded reaction product is dried, it is mixed with the mixture of the raw material feces before pressure-kneading and the additive, and the mixture is again pressure-kneaded at 60° C. or higher, at least once. Characteristic method of removing bad odor from accumulated feces and producing humic acid at the same time (2) The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the additive is made by adding lignin sulfonic acid to the main material, sphagnum peat. (3) The method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the additive is subjected to acid treatment in advance. (4) The method according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the mixing ratio of the additive to the raw material feces is 10 to 30% by weight. (5) The amount of the dry product to be mixed is adjusted according to the moisture content of the mixture of raw material feces and additives so that the moisture content of the mixture to be kneaded under pressure is approximately constant. Methods described in Items 1 to 4 of the scope