JPS61100132A - Plant growing method - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Field of Application] This invention relates to a method for growing plants in an artificially created environment, particularly regarding light, temperature and OOQ concentration.

[Conventional technology]

New plant growing methods and systems have been devised to promote plant growth and produce plants industrially by controlling plant growing environmental conditions.

In general, plants use water and CO2 as their base, and produce organic matter by adding light energy (photosynthesis). Some of this is consumed as energy for maintaining the individual, and the rest is used for organs such as leaves and roots. It is distributed and accumulated, and each organ grows. In such plants, light, C02
It is possible to significantly promote their growth by controlling environmental conditions such as concentration and temperature, and as a result, the productivity of land is dramatically improved, making factory production of plants possible. Became.

In this case, it would be possible to save energy by using sunlight as a light source, but the amount of light fluctuates due to seasonal weather changes, and environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity change accordingly. The reactions of plants under fluctuating environments are complex, making it difficult to plan year-round production of plants. In order to create a certain environmental condition, a huge amount of air conditioning cost is required, which is ultimately uneconomical.

Therefore, with the aim of year-round planned production, efforts have been made to promote plant growth by using artificial light sources of constant intensity instead of sunlight. In this case, there is an advantage that it is easy to control other environmental factors under certain conditions Vc111II, but there is a problem that the irradiation power becomes enormous and it is not economical.

One way to solve these problems is to
By irradiating light only from above the plant body and simultaneously irradiating the plant body with light at a lower illuminance than the normal light saturation illuminance from the circumferential direction of the plant body, and maintaining the CO2 concentration higher than the atmospheric concentration. , a plant growing method has been proposed that promotes the growth of the above-mentioned plants under extremely low illuminance.

This method will be explained in more detail below using figures. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a plant growing apparatus used in an experiment to demonstrate this method. In fig.

(101) is the outer cylinder of a cylindrical plant growth chamber, and the inner cylinder is formed of a reflective material (M) 2) such as At. An artificial light source (10s) is installed along C.

(104) is a cylinder made of glass, and the outer cylinder (104) is a cylinder made of glass.
01) constitutes a double cylindrical plant growth chamber.

The plant body is fixedly installed in a cylinder (104), planted in a fixed cultivation box (105), and is irradiated with an artificial light source (103) to grow. At this time, the plant body was irradiated with light from the circumferential direction, and it was confirmed that uniform illuminance was obtained in all directions and locations within the cylinder (104), except for the top and bottom ends of one cylinder.

Heat radiation from the artificial light source (103) is removed by cold air from the cooler (105). The air that has been shrunk and led into the inner cylinder (104) is adjusted to a predetermined temperature and humidity by an air conditioning bag ffi (2)l)K, is introduced from the lower part of the cylinder (104), and is discharged from the upper part. The air conditioner (201) is then returned to the VC by the Proa (11), and so on.

Co2 is supplied through a CO2 inlet (
2). In addition, a fresh air inlet (3) and a fresh air outlet (4) are provided in the circulation passage to renew a part of the circulating air. At this time, CO2 is supplied to keep the CO2 concentration in the circulating air at a predetermined value, and the CO2 concentration is
Adjusted by supply. In addition, air conditioner (201)
is a cooler (2D2), a water spray part with a spray nozzle (203) and a packed bed (2D2), and a heater (2D2).
:15) The air is passed through a cold prine (
2) After being cooled by the subcooler (2D2) using 6), the water in the storage tank (phantom 7) is sent to the spray nozzle (embryo) by the pump (5), and humidified by the packed bed (204).
Thereafter, it is heated by a heater (gen 5) and maintained at a predetermined temperature and humidity.

On the other hand, (301) is a nutrient solution with a predetermined concentration, which is kept at a predetermined temperature by a liquid constant temperature bath (302), and is kept at a predetermined temperature by a pump (6).
}It is sent to the Yoshi cultivation pot (105) and returns to Yu/Ri (x3) after fc. [7i is an air pump, and the nutrient salt bath liquid (301) is aerated by this air pump {7i} to maintain a sufficient amount of dissolved oxygen.

Using the above plant growing device, the illuminance was varied from 3Ktux to x5xtux using salad greens as an example, and the relationship between the GL and the number of growing days (days) is shown in Figure 2. At the time, the C02# degree is 1200 ppm, the air temperature is 20°C, and the liquid temperature of the nutrient solution (301) is 21'C.
, relative humidity is 80 degrees, wind speed is 0.5 m/sea, nutrient concentration is 1.2 mm, pH is 5-6.6, photoperiod is 2
It was 4 hours.

In addition, fluorescent lamps and incandescent lamps are used as artificial light sources (103). As is clear from this figure, contrary to conventionally predicted results, no difference was observed in the growth rate (relationship between salad greens' softness and number of growing days) at each illuminance from 3/ux to 15Ktux. Approximately 2 salad vegetables in 10 days
It was discovered that it grows to 0 times the tit. As a result,
According to this method, 3Klux, which is about 1/7 of the light saturation illuminance (20Ktux) when light is irradiated from above, is obtained.
It was discovered that plant growth could be promoted in the same way as in the past even at low illuminance levels of , 1L-, solving the economical problem that was the most important problem in factory production of plants, and making annual planned production of plants possible. This has resulted in extremely significant practical effects.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

However, according to the above-mentioned conventional method, although growth can be significantly promoted even at low illuminance, there is a problem in that even if the illuminance is further increased to i<, growth cannot be further promoted.

This invention was made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and aims to provide a growing method that can overcome the conventional saturated growth rate and grow plants even faster. .

Means for Resolving Problems] The plant communication method according to the present invention simultaneously irradiates light from the circumferential direction of the plant body, maintains the temperature higher than the optimum temperature when light is irradiated only from above, and This is to keep the CO2 concentration lower than that in the atmosphere.

[Effect]

In this invention, the irradiation of light from the circumferential direction can promote the growth of the plants at a lower illuminance than when the light is irradiated only from above, and the temperature is optimal when the light is irradiated only from above. By keeping the temperature higher than the air temperature and keeping the 002 concentration much higher than that in the atmosphere, the growth of the plants can be further promoted.

[Actual example]

This invention is a growing method that simultaneously irradiates low-intensity light from the circumferential direction of the plant to promote plant growth. This is the result of a detailed study of the effects of temperature in the following ranges, based on conventional wisdom. In other words, in the case of upward irradiation, as shown in Figure 3, which shows the relationship between the growth rate (relative value) of salad vegetables and the temperature (°C) when the source is irradiated only from above (hereinafter referred to as upward irradiation). The two optimal temperatures that best promote growth (around 22°C in the example in Figure 3) have been determined, and it is common knowledge that the growth rate will rarely decrease if the temperature is higher or lower than this temperature, but the inventors of the present invention found that when light is irradiated simultaneously from the circumferential direction of the plant body (hereinafter referred to as circumferential irradiation), a new optimum temperature exists in the head sulfur, which is higher than the conventional optimum temperature.9. Moreover, the growth rate at this new optimum temperature exceeds the conventional saturated growth rate. In this manner, it was discovered that the effect of temperature on the growth rate in the circumferential irradiation method is different from that in the upward irradiation method, leading to the present invention.

An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. The apparatus used to extinguish the leprosy method according to one embodiment of the present invention is the same as the conventional one shown in FIG. 1, and the ifcM formation method differs only in temperature, so a description thereof will be omitted.

GO2d/1j1 when light is irradiated simultaneously from the circumferential direction
Growth rate of salad greens at 200 ppm (relative value)
The relationship between temperature and temperature was investigated using illuminance as a parameter. Figure 4 shows the results. Two new phenomena were discovered from the results of this training. That is, the first is that in the growing method using upward irradiation, the optimal temperature for salad vegetables is after 22℃ml, as shown in Figure 3, whereas according to the circumferential irradiation, the optimum temperature is 22°C. It's higher, mano,
The higher the illuminance, the higher the illuminance. For example, in the example shown in Figure 4, the optimal temperature at 5Ktux is around 26℃,
At 15 Ktux, it is after zcrcl\i], and the optimum temperature for circumferential irradiation is approximately 5 to 10°C 1 higher than that for upward irradiation. Second, as shown in Figure 2, when the temperature is 2oC, even if the illuminance is increased (3Kt
ux → 102 and 15/, ux) The growth rate did not change much, but as mentioned above, by increasing the temperature,
It is possible to grow at a faster rate than before.

As described above, by setting the growth temperature in one circumferential irradiation higher than the optimum temperature in normal upward irradiation, the growth rate can be increased above the conventional saturated growth rate.

In addition, in the above-mentioned fear series, the 002 intensity was set to 1200 ppm, but it is not limited to this, and it may be set higher than the COq concentration in the atmosphere (after 300 ppm l\iI).

Also, in the above example, the case of raw salad vegetables was explained, but it may also be a green plant, and the optimum temperature varies depending on the plant and the illuminance, but it is preferable to 3 to 50% higher than the optimum temperature for upward irradiation. .

However, the plant growing device shown in Figure 1 has a plant growing room (10
1) and (104) are assumed to be cylindrical, but the same results will be obtained even if they are spherical or rectangular. Further, although an artificial light source (103) was used as a light source, sunlight may also be used.

Also, in this invention, the circumferential direction originally refers to all of the front, rear, left and right sides, and top and bottom of the plant, but it is sufficient to irradiate light from at least the front, back, left and right, and from above.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As described above, according to the present invention, when light is simultaneously irradiated from the circumferential direction of the plant body and light is irradiated only from above, the 002 concentration can be reduced by Since the concentration was kept at a lower concentration than the inside, it has the effect of further promoting the growth of plants.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a configuration diagram showing a plant growing apparatus used in experiments to demonstrate conventional methods and methods according to an embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 2 shows the weight and growth of salad greens when light is simultaneously irradiated from the circumferential direction. Figure 3 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the number of days and the illuminance of 3 to 15 for Mu X. Figure 3 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the growth rate of salad vegetables and two prefectures when light is irradiated only from above. FIG. 3 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between growth rate and temperature when irradiated from both directions at the same time, using illuminance as a parameter. In the figure, (101) is the outer cylinder of the double cylindrical plant growth chamber, (102) is the reflective material, (103) is the artificial light source, and (1
04) is a cylinder, (105) is a cultivation pot, (201) is an air conditioner, (301) is a nutrient solution, and (2) is a CO2 injection port.

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) Plant cultivation characterized by simultaneously irradiating light from the circumferential direction of the plant body, keeping the temperature higher than the optimum temperature when light is irradiated only from above, and keeping the CO_2 concentration higher than the concentration in the atmosphere. Method. (2) The method for growing plants according to claim 1, in which the temperature is kept 3 to 10° C. higher than the optimum temperature when light is irradiated only from above.