JPS6085140A - Hollow layer communication and exhaust system in structure - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to communication between hollow layers within a structure and a ventilation/exhaust system. , horizontal abduction of the trunk, etc. (3-B
), the ventilation hole (4) that communicates the hollow layer (2-B) and the ventilation base material (6) or the outer wall material (7) are installed on the horizontal frame 1' (3-B ) outer wall (13
Pillar (8) is fixed to the side surface of ) side with 5 nails etc. to form a hollow layer (2-B).

The structural frames such as the studs (9) and the diagonals (10) are tied together to solidify the structure, and at the same time, the hollow layer (2-
B) Exterior wall basement (6) characterized by communicating with
, or a structure (1) using an exterior wall finishing material (7)
hollow layers (2-A), (2-B), (2-0), (2
-D) communication and in the false exhaust system, the hollow layer (2
-B), the insulation layer (12) is placed between the outer wall (13) and the insulation layer (12), which is placed so that the moisture barrier layer is located on the side of the wall (11).
12) A ventilation hole (4) that securely maintains the ventilation layer (14) between the insulation material (12) and the outer wall (13)
Supporting the structure (1) by using a spatula (16) characterized by having an adhesive mounting surface (15), for example, using reinforced or unreinforced concrete, stone, etc. as a base material, The pedestal or foundation (17) is equipped with a manual or automatic cylindrical register (19) equipped with an insect screen attached to the air supply hole (18) penetrating the side surface of the outer periphery. There are irregularities (
20) are provided continuously, and a horizontal linear recess (21) forming a dry joint (22) is formed at the upper part of the outer corner of the same large end face, and a recess of the unevenness (20) of the same large end face, Structure (1
), for example, a ventilation layer (14-A) is formed between the lowermost horizontal member (3-A, ) such as a foundation. outer frame,
Or, the bolt is installed in the ground of the structure (1) surrounded by the foundation (17), for example, in the lowest hollow layer (2-A) such as under the floor.
It constitutes the frame or foundation (17) of the structure (1), which is characterized by the installation of a dehumidification and heat radiation prevention film or a layered red base (24).

Therefore, the exterior wall base material (6) or the exterior wall finishing material is characterized in that it is molded with a mechanism for forming ventilation holes (4) and ventilation grooves (5) and fastens the structural frame material. (7
), for example, on the side of the horizontal member (3-B) such as the trunk difference,
Fix with nails etc. to form a hollow layer (2-B), for example,
Structural frame members such as columns (8), studs (9), and diagonals (10) are tightened together to increase structural stress, and
The hollow layer (2) is horizontally divided, for example, by horizontal members (3 to B) such as trunk slits, etc., which communicate the hollow layer (2).

On the other hand, the frame or foundation (17) that supports the structure (1)
Hollow layer at the bottom, such as under the floor (2-A)
Dehumidification and heat radiation prevention film or layer (24
), and attach it to the air supply hole (18) that penetrates the side of the frame or foundation (17) [, the air introduced from the register (19) into the concave part of the unevenness (20), the base, etc., and the lowest part. The ventilation layer (14-A) formed between the horizontal member (3-A)
A), and the ventilation layer (14-B) formed between the horizontal frame member (3-A) and the outer wall (13), and the #4 frame member (3-A).
-A) and the side of the same horizontal member with nails, etc., and the hollow layer (
Structural frame members such as columns (8), studs (9), and diagonals (10) forming the structure 2-B) are tightened together to increase structural stress, and at the same time, the hollow layer (2) The hollow material passes through the ventilation grooves (5) and ventilation holes (4) formed between the outer wall lower catchment material (6) or the outer wall finishing material (7) and the outer wall (13), which have a communicating mechanism. Inner wall (11) of layer (2-B)
The position of the insulation material (12) is maintained between the insulation material (12) and the outer wall (13), which is arranged so that the moisture barrier layer is located on the side, and the insulation material (12) and the outer wall (13) are spacer (with a ventilation hole (4) and an adhesive mounting surface (15) between the
16), which moves upward through the spring layer (14-0) and horizontally divides the hollow layer (2-B) to obstruct ventilation (3-B). and the outer wall (13), passing through the ventilation hole (4), the ventilation groove (5), and the ventilation hole (4), and moving upward through the hollow layer (2-B) 2, for example, the girder. etc., the uppermost horizontal member (3=0) and the column (2-B) that is fixed to the side of the horizontal member with nails etc. to form a hollow layer (2-B).
8), and an external wall base having a mechanism for connecting structural frame members such as studs (9) and diagonal members (10) to each other to increase structural stress and to connect the hollow layer (2-B). Material (6)
It passes through the ventilation hole (4) formed by the attic, reaches the uppermost hollow layer (2-D) such as the attic, and enters the external space (26) through the ventilation hole (25) of the hollow layer (2-D). , the hollow layers (2) of the structure (1) are all connected by releasing the flowing air, and the hollow layers (2) of the structure (1) are connected to each other, forming a ventilation and ventilation layer. This is related.

Between the hollow layer (2) and the gap within the structure, the structure (
In 1), for example, it is a space between the inner wall (11) and the outer wall (13) of a wooden house, etc., which usually has a width of 100 - inside and outside after 30 II + + + 1 hit, to alleviate the influence of outside temperature, etc. It is effective in preventing On the other hand, because unexpected condensation occurs these days, structures such as
It is an air layer that has a built-in factor, such as rapidly shortening the lifespan of wooden houses.

The large hollow layer is, for example, a hollow layer under the floor (2-A),
Alternatively, it is a hollow layer (2-D) of the same shed M, etc., and a small hollow layer is the outer wall (13) with a mortar finish etc.
The lath base plate (27) has a thickness of about 12 cm, and the vertical gap of the same plate is about 30+++ m in cross section, and the hollow layer (2-0) has a horizontal gap. In our country, we have a unique
[Completed to capture the hot and humid climate]7. There is a wooden frame construction method, and from the above-mentioned hollow layer under the floor or the attic, which has a spatial size, to a 1:1 hollow layer such as the overlap of wings and timber, etc. We consciously utilize the moisture absorption and release control mechanisms of materials such as wood, soil, and paper, which are rational and have been used for more than a thousand years to this day, using traditional construction methods and techniques. Inherited. In recent years, in housing etc.
Even if the structure changes from a one-story building to a two-story structure that incorporates horizontal members such as a girder that horizontally divides the hollow layer, the structure of the hollow layer, which has the ability to regulate moisture absorption and release, The environment persisted.

To this day, with concerns about oil shortages and rising land prices becoming more serious, energy-saving housing has become popular, middle and high schools are competing with each other in design, and living facilities have become widespread, such as water, hot water, electricity, etc. , the use of gas, etc. has increased, and in addition, conduit construction for cold and hot water for air conditioning and refrigerant gas, etc. has been added, and piping work that hides these equipment conduits in each hollow layer has become common, and at the same time, the effectiveness of air conditioning and heating has increased. In order to raise the temperature, insulation material was filled and placed in the hollow layer, and aluminum sash was fitted into the opening to form the outer wall.

Due to the necessity of urban fire prevention, gaps are covered with mortar coating, etc.
On the one hand, houses that are more energy efficient and more comfortable to live in because of increased construction and airtightness inside the rooms.

The negative effects of obstructing ventilation in the hollow layer are amplified, and the air that is trapped and has no room to escape can cause the indoor air conditioner temperature to match the outside temperature, or the cold and hot water in the equipment pipes, or Due to condensation caused by temperature difference with refrigerant gas, etc.
Structures such as various types of housing are steadily aging due to deterioration of insulation materials, reduction in insulation performance, and erosion of the feathers of the structural framework [2, the economic lifespan is rapidly decreasing. be. This trend is not limited to urban areas; for example, various types of urban fire-proof wooden houses that incorporate the above-mentioned factors are preferred for their aesthetic design.

Construction methods from other countries, such as the 2x4 construction method, which do not take into account Japan's climate characteristics, or framework wall construction methods developed and implemented by Japanese companies, are widespread throughout Japan2. In Japan, even with the traditional wooden frame construction method that has been around for more than a thousand years, we have been able to quickly and effectively prevent unexpected dew condensation, maintain comfortable livability, and at the same time save energy and be economical. It is desired to implement a structure, such as a wooden house, based on communication between hollow layers within the structure and a ventilation/exhaust system that does not reduce its service life.

The object of the present invention is to provide a system that connects hollow layers in a structure 5 and functions as a ventilation layer, and the present invention relates to a system that connects hollow layers in a structure 5 and functions as a ventilation layer, and the purpose of the present invention is to dehumidify the ground that supports the structure in a structure such as a wooden house. and heat radiation prevention, under the ground consolidation law, etc.
Preventing decline in ground bearing capacity and converting humid air in the underfloor space to dry air 1. As a means for smoothing the flow of upward movement l1 of the connected hollow layer and escape from the attic space to the outside space,
Penetrate the air supply hole on the side of the outer foundation! 2. Manually or automatically install a register with an insect repellent screen [1. The top surface forms a foundation with a mechanism such as forming 5 ventilation layers, and the hollow layer is filled with insulation material. Spacers are installed to securely hold the ventilation layer (1), and the hollow layer is divided horizontally (12).
．． The condensation trunk differences that obstruct ventilation are fixed to the horizontal members, and the structural frame members are tightly tied together.

Increasing the structural stress; in addition, by using an outer wall base material having a mechanism for forming ventilation holes and ventilation grooves, or by using a top material for the row walls, the hollow layer f is connected 1. ．． 7'i: Ventilation/Exhaust/In the process of smooth flow of dry air, the stem is shaken into the structural frame material that forms a hollow layer, and the moisture absorption and desorption adjustment effect of the material is assisted to prevent unexpected Prevents condensation 12. To provide a structure 1 that maintains comfortable livability, saves energy, and does not have a decrease in economic lifespan, such as a wooden house, etc., for human living.

The present invention will be explained in detail below using examples. (6) in the diagram is 1
For example, structural plywood with a thickness of about 12 columns, etc., is uniform with no directionality, has excellent water resistance and weather resistance, and has been treated with antiseptic and insect repellent treatment. It is cut and molded into a corrugated or mountain-shaped shape by dividing the material into two parts. For example, when this pair is applied to the side of the horizontal frame member (3-B) such as a trunk difference and pulled in the direction of the width divided into two, a groove will be formed on the same side and a groove will be formed on the outside of the width of the horizontal frame member (3-B). A hole connected from the groove is formed in each of the grooves. In this state, intersect with the horizontal member (3-B) and the same horizontal member,
The pillars (8) of the structural frame forming the hollow layer (2-B')
), studs (9), body members (1o), etc., with nails or the like, the horizontal members (3-B) and the structural frame members that intersect with the horizontal members are tightly connected to each other. Compared to simply connecting the ends of columns etc. and the horizontal members with a metal object such as a hammer, this creates resistance to deformation of the structure or pulling out of the 5 members, increasing structural stress. . Around the fixed exterior wall base material (6), lay a general lath base board (27) and apply cement mortar, etc. Once the exterior wall (13) is completed, the horizontal members (3-B) and the outer wall (13), one ventilation hole (4), by the mechanism of the outer wall base material (6),
and a ventilation groove (5), and a hollow layer (2-B
) are connected vertically. Other parts that horizontally divide the hollow layer (2), for example, the lowermost horizontal members (3) such as the foundation, etc.
-A) and the uppermost horizontal members (3-0) such as girders, respectively. 1 can be used, and if it is fixed with nails, etc. to each horizontal frame member and the structural frame members that intersect with the same horizontal frame member, the same effect as that of the double horizontal frame member (3-B) can be obtained. . The exterior wall finishing material (7) shown in Figure 7 is, for example, made of metal, asbestos cement, calcium silicate, or homogeneous, non-directional, inorganic material reinforced with glass fiber or the like. Waterproof.

The finish used for the exterior walls is wood, which is made of a highly weather-resistant material. He has a handsome face (28) on the discipline side shown in Figure 7, 0.
A heat insulation treatment (29) is applied to prevent condensation, and holes (30) for fixing nails, etc. pass through the surface, and the edge on the same side is made of the same material and the outer a! It has 9 grooves (31) for joining with mortar etc. for finishing (13). ) It has the characteristics of being able to be set on the same surface as the finishing mortar, etc., and also serving as a design for the exterior wall, and is fixed in the same way as the exterior wall base (6) to tie the structural framework to each other. In order to increase the structural stress, vent holes (4) and ventilation grooves (5) are formed between the rear side (28) and the rear side of the horizontal frame member (37B) and the outer wall finishing material (7), and the outer wall is strengthened. Base material (
The same communication effect as in 6) is obtained. The same material can be used alone,
Can be used in combination with exterior wall base material (6), or used alone.
For example, if it is fixed to a horizontal frame member (3) such as a foundation or a trunk sill, it can be removed and treated without damaging the same material and its surroundings during repairs or inspections, and the same material can be used again. installation is possible. Figure 3 is a perspective view of a section of the spacer (16), which is made of paper or fiber material that has been completely moisture-proofed.For example, it is molded into a hat shape and has ventilation holes (4 ) and adhesive mounting surface (15)
have. When installing the heat insulating material (12) in the hollow layer (2-B) so that the moisture barrier layer is located on the inner wall (11") side, the position cannot be determined due to the nature of the base material, and it may be biased toward the outer wall (13) side. , or they are in close contact with each other, creating an air layer on the inner wall (11) side, which has the opposite effect on insulation and causing unexpected dew condensation in all the hollow layers (2).
2) In addition to the structural framework materials that form the structure, the base materials and fixtures are also sealed in a non-breathable structure that does not allow moisture absorption and release control. , glass wool, etc. becomes hydrated, deteriorating its original insulation properties, and humid air fills the hollow layer (2-B) with no place to escape, which repeatedly occurs in summer and winter and whenever there is a temperature difference between day and night. This is accelerating the aging of structural materials. In order to prevent this problem, a spacer (16) is placed inside the outer wall base material (6) and the lath base plate (27), so that the moisture-proof layer of the heat insulating material (12) is on the inner wall (11) side, that is, on the pillar (8), or if arranged so as to match the surface of the inner wall (11) of the stud (9), the hollow layer (2-B) is supported by the spacer (16).
The ventilation layer (14-0) can be reliably held on the outer wall (13) side. If the installation is carried out from the inner wall (11) side, the adhesive mounting surface (15) of the spacer may be directed towards the insulation wall (12) side. In the figure, (17) is a pedestal or foundation made of reinforced or unreinforced concrete, concrete blocks, stones, etc., and a base material j that supports the structure (1).

A blade that opens and closes manually or automatically in the air supply hole (18) penetrating the side surface of the outer periphery of the frame or the foundation (17),
A cylindrical register (19) equipped with an insect screen is installed so that the blades are located on the outside, and in winter, the register on the north side is closed to create a buffer between the indoor air and the outside air. The same register can be a system linked to an air temperature and humidity sensor. On the top surface of the frame or foundation (17), make a convex part (2o) to improve drying of the large end face and horizontal members (3-A, ) such as the foundation, and make a convex part directly under the column (8). Based on this, they are placed continuously at appropriate intervals, and the top surfaces of the convex portions are finished horizontally with mortar, etc., and the top surfaces of the concave portions are finished in a semicircular shape with the center of the width high and low toward both sides. A horizontal linear depression (21) is formed at the top of the outer corner at the top of the outer corner to form a dry joint (22) with the outer wall when the outer wall (13) is completed. Place anchor balls) (23) at important points. In the figure, (24) is surrounded by a frame on the outer periphery or a foundation (17), for example.

It is a membrane such as a vinyl sheet, or a layer of concrete, which is laid on the ground surface of the lowest hollow layer (2-A) such as an underfloor space to prevent water evaporation from the ground soil, dehumidification, and heat radiation. Conventionally, the conventional example of structure (1) is to install wind windows with wide openings at important points in the foundation as a means of exhausting the warm air generated under the floor of a wooden house, etc. Hollow layers (2
- As a result of drying in A), the moisture in the ground evaporates and the pressure tank sinks, the soil resistance stress decreases and uneven settlement occurs, and the structure (1) deforms and its economic lifespan decreases. The shrinking device is f
! 1. ing. A means to eliminate this factor is a dehumidification and heat radiation prevention film or layer (24).As shown in Figure 2, after leveling the ground in the lowest hollow layer (2-A) such as under the floor and compacting it. , cut down diagonally around the ground into a triangular groove along the pedestal or foundation (17), fold in the edges of a membrane such as a vinyl sheet, and mold it with a non-corrosive material such as vinyl chloride.

Use an L-shaped bottle (32) with 92 prongs to temporarily prevent movement, such as floating up, and press the conch diagonally in the triangular groove! j-)(
33). In order to improve the dehumidification and heat radiation prevention effect in any case where the dehumidification and heat radiation prevention film or layer (24) is installed alone or in combination, triangular groove-shaped and pressed concrete IJ- ') (33) shall be implemented in common.

As described above, the present invention uses an exterior wall base material or exterior wall finishing material that enables communication between hollow layers within a corpse and also has a mechanism for increasing structural stress.

A spacer is used that has a mechanism that maintains the position of the insulation material in the hollow layer, secures the ventilation layer, and smoothes the flow of air. It has an air supply hole equipped with a cylindrical manual or automatic register on the outer peripheral side of the frame or foundation that supports the structure,
Inside the structure, the top surface of the foundation is provided with unevenness and joints to improve drying, and a dehumidification and heat radiation prevention film or layer is installed in the ground of the lowest hollow layer, such as under the floor. Structures, such as wooden houses, are based on the communication of hollow layers and one-way exhaust system. The air supply hole that penetrates the frame or foundation is cylindrical and has an advantage in strength, and suppresses the humid air generated under the floor to prevent the bearing capacity of the ground supporting the structure from decreasing and to convert it into dry air. A stable ground under the floor and dry air maintain livability, and irregularities on the top of the foundation and dry joints mutually improve drying. In particular, dry joints should be checked by observing water leaks on the outer walls, etc. The dry air that moves upward through the ventilation layer that connects the hollow layer is low temperature and low humidity, and is useful for early detection of abnormalities in the hollow layer. Side,
In other words, while more than 3/4 of the surface area of the material is evenly distributed,
It helps control the moisture absorption and release of the material, does not damage the insulation material, does not reduce its insulation properties, maintains a naturally dry state, prevents termites and other insects, and prevents the wear and tear of structural materials, etc. In addition to the advantage of extending the economic lifespan of the structure, the dry air flowing through the ventilation layer captures the outside temperature that is present inside the room and guides it to the uppermost hollow layer such as the attic. let it rise,
Since it is a mechanism that allows air to escape to the outside space through ventilation holes in the same hollow layer, the burden of maintaining a controlled temperature indoors is light, and therefore the heat load from heating and cooling is reduced, increasing energy savings.

In urban areas where there is no open space, for example, on the ground where the corner buildings are close together, the dry air flow converted to the area of the hollow layer at the lowest part of the structure, such as under the floor, can produce a descriptive effect. available, inexpensive to implement, and of any design. It is possible to correspond to the structure of the design.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of the communication of hollow layers within the structure and the ventilation/exhaust system, and is common to each of the figures 1-1, with arrows indicating air flow. The a side of the figure is a cross section, and the b side is a developed view of the structural frame, showing the state in which the outer wall base is fixed and the horizontal members and structural frame members are tightly connected to each other. Figure 2 shows the hollow layer, the pedestal,
Or a cross-sectional view of the foundation. FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a section of the spacer holding the ventilation layer. Figure 4, Figure 5, and Figure 6
The figure is a perspective view showing a state in which the outer wall base material or the outer wall finishing material is fixed to each horizontal member part that horizontally divides the hollow layer to connect the hollow layer and the structural frame members to each other according to the present invention. In the figure, Fig. 4 shows the uppermost horizontal members such as girders, and Fig. 5 shows the
Figure 6 shows the lowermost horizontal members such as the base, and the pedestal or foundation. Figures 7 and 8 show other embodiments of the present invention, in which the outer wall finishing material and the outer wall base material are used. In both figures, a is the surface side, b is a cross section and is an explanatory diagram of communication, and C is an explanatory diagram of communication. This is a diagram of the back side. (1) is the structure, (2) hollow layer, (2-A) is the hollow layer at the lowest part such as under the floor, (2-B) is the hollow layer inside the wall, (2-fl) is the lath base plate Hollow layer in the horizontal direction between, (2-D)/J% hollow layer at the top such as the attic. (3) is the horizontal member, (3-A) is the lowest horizontal member such as the foundation, (3-B) is the horizontal member such as the trunk difference,
(3-0) is the horizontal member of the upper part of the gruel, such as a girder. (4) is a ventilation hole,
In addition to the spacer, there are ventilation holes formed in the exterior wall base material between the exterior wall and the horizontal members, and (5) is the same ventilation groove. (6) is the exterior wall base material that connects the hollow layer and connects the structural frame members, and (7) is the exterior wall finishing material. (8) is the structural frame column, (9) is the stud, (10) is the diagonal material, (11) is the inner wall, (12) is the insulation material, (13) is the outer wall, (14) is the ventilation layer, (14-A) is the ventilation layer formed between the uneven recess on the top surface of the frame or foundation and the lowest horizontal member such as the foundation, and (14B') is the ventilation layer formed between the horizontal member and the outer wall. The horizontal ventilation layer between (14-0) is the ventilation layer between the outer wall and the insulation material. (15) adhesive mounting surface, (16) spacer, (17) pedestal or foundation, (18) air supply hole,
(19) is the register, (20) is the unevenness of the foundation top surface,
'(21) is a horizontal linear depression formed on the side of the foundation, and (22) is a dry joint. (23) is an anchor bold, (24) is a dehumidification and heat radiation prevention membrane, a protective layer, (25) is a ventilation hole in the uppermost hollow layer such as an attic, and (26) is an external space. (27) Keras baseboard, (28) is the handsome cedar back side of the exterior wall finish, (29) is the heat insulation treated side of the same back side, (30) is the size of the nails etc. fixed to the same material, (31) is the same village, Sealing shield (slit groove, (32) dehumidification and heat radiation prevention film, temporary fixing pin, (3)
3) is the same material pressed concrete. Patent applicant Seijibe Nagai

Claims (4)

[Claims] (1) Ventilation holes that horizontally divide the hollow layer within the structure and conduct the hollow layer in the horizontal member that obstructs ventilation;
An exterior wall base material and an exterior wall finishing material, characterized in that they are molded with a mechanism for forming ventilation grooves and are fastened together with structural frame members that form a hollow layer around the horizontal members. . (2) Place the insulation material between the inner wall side of the hollow layer and the outer wall to maintain the position of the insulation material and securely maintain the ventilation layer between the insulation material and the outer wall. A spacer characterized by having ventilation holes and an adhesive mounting surface. (3) A manual or automatic register is attached to the frame of the structure that has an air supply hole, or a frame around the main periphery that forms a ventilation layer between the lowest horizontal frame such as the top of the foundation. , or a frame for a structure, characterized in that a dehumidification and heat radiation prevention film or layer is laid in the ground of a hollow layer at the bottom such as under the floor of a structure surrounded by a foundation;
Basics. (4) An exterior wall base material or an exterior wall finishing material, which is characterized in that it is molded with a mechanism that communicates hollow layers and also connects structural frame members to each other, as set forth in claim 1. using the second and third claims described in the claims.
1. A system for communicating hollow layers within a structure, and forming a ventilation layer.