JPS60238556A - Roof structure and building of roof - Google Patents

Abstract

A cable truss dome is constructed from a plurality of cables (104) under tension and compression members (106) arranged in triangles having non-common sides. The cable truss dome is adapted for spanning large areas where the cables form a low shallow arch which supports a flexible membrane as a covering. The triangles are kept in tension by lower tension members attached to the lower ends of the compression members (106), which may consist either of concentric rings (116) or radial chords (152).

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] [Industrial application field] FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention generally relates to roof structures and roof construction methods.

In particular, it provides an eye-holding roof for stadiums and amphitheaters in which tension and compression materials are arranged in a cable truss dome shape and spanned over contour areas of various dimensions to create a dome-like volume. The present invention relates to a roof structure and a roof construction method.

[Problems that conventional technology and inventions are trying to solve]

Recently, domes and roof structures have been constructed using lightweight membranes to reduce costs and improve functionality. These structures are constructed either by pneumatically stiffening and supporting fully convex surfaces, or by prestressing membranes against ridged arches, masts, and cables, etc., to create fully concave surfaces. Form and build. A fully convex surface has a low aspect ratio, the ratio of the tooth surface area to the contour area planar area. Approximately 70cm of the roof cost is the cost of the membrane, and the remaining shear...
Because of the cost of pulls, clamps, and compression rings, a low aspect ratio is an important advantage for permanent membrane roofs such as low-height air structures. However, the disadvantage of such air structures is that in order to keep the roof lifted,
Reliance on mechanical systems results in the need for airtight buildings, snow melting systems, non-zero generators, revolving doors, etc. On the other hand, fully concave surfaces have very high aspect ratios, resulting in high roof costs per plane of contour area. For example, a fully concave surface using masts or cables should have a high aspect ratio to effectively provide low membrane stresses, whereas a fully concave surface using arches may require arch buckling. Due to design considerations such as this, the aspect ratio becomes higher.

In addition to the above-mentioned problems, there is an additional problem of roof insulation when using lightweight membranes constructed with fully convex or fully concave surfaces. Previous attempts to incorporate insulation into air-supported roofs have required a snow melting system, separate from the internal heating system, to prevent condensation on the top membrane and keep the insulation value intact. . Furthermore, it was necessary to apply pressure to the insulation space to make the pressure in the insulation space higher than the internal pressure of the enclosed contour area to prevent the insulation layer from collapsing.Other problems with conventional roof structures include: Conventional roof structures cannot withstand wind-induced uplift forces that exceed the structure's own weight. Additionally, when constructing structures with flexible elements such as cables and rigid elements such as compression struts, these elements often do not have the required stiffness unless they are fully assembled. The problem is that there is no.

Therefore, it is possible to form a low and shallow arch with tensile ammonium, support a lightweight membrane on the upper line cable of the arch, and press down the lightweight membrane with the valley cable placed between the arches to spread over a wide area. There is a need to provide tensile structure systems such as cable truss domes that can It is also seen that there is an advantage in providing a low aspect ratio tensile structure system that eliminates the need for support air pressure and allows for low cost, lightweight membrane roof insulation.

[Means to solve the problem]

It is generally an object of the invention to provide a roof structure. In particular, it relates to a cable truss dome with a profile area that overcomes the aforementioned drawbacks resulting from the use of conventional constructions and which satisfies the specific requirements of roof support structures. In particular, one of the objects of the invention is to provide a roof structure in the form of a cable truss dome, which is non-triangular and which can be assembled at ground level or in a suspended position, with or without a covering membrane, and in which cable pre-stressing is possible. To provide the cable truss dome-shaped roof structure that can be hoisted to a predetermined position using a jack.

According to one aspect of the present invention, a roof structure is provided in which the profile area is covered with a dam. The roof structure includes members that span the contour area and support the roof. The member is made of tensile and compressive material. The tension members form continuous tension members and discontinuous tension members for passing over portions of the contour area. The compressible material is attached between the continuous tensile materials or between the discontinuous tensile materials.

According to another aspect of the invention, a roof structure is provided in which the contour area is covered. The roof structure consists of arched sections, which extend over the contour area and support the dome-shaped roof. The arch member is made of tension and compression material and is arranged in a triangular shape. The tensile material forms two adjacent sides of the triangle. The compressed material forms the other side of the triangle. Said arch section further comprises nested concentric tension rings, the arches of said nested concentric tension rings also being connected to the lower ends of the corresponding compression members.

According to yet another aspect of the invention, a roof structure is provided for covering the contour area.

The roof structure extends from the support material to the contour area to support the roof. The support material consists of a tensile material and a compressive material. The tension members form upper and lower chords extending over a portion of the contour area, and diagonal chords extending between the upper and lower chords. The compressed material is attached between the upper chord member and the lower chord member.

The foregoing description, additional objects, features, and advantages of the invention are described in further detail below. An embodiment of a preferred roof structure in the form of a cable truss dome according to the invention is shown in the accompanying drawings.

〔Example〕

In the drawings, identical elements are designated by identical numbers. Figure 1 shows
1 is a plan view showing a cable truss dome-shaped roof structure 100. FIG. Cable truss dome 100 forms a corrugated support surface and is comprised of a plurality of arcuate supports 102 .

The arched supports 102 are arranged radially and extend over a contoured area that encloses a dome-shaped volume. As shown in FIG. 2, support 102 generally comprises a plurality of flexible cables 104 forming a tension member and a plurality of rigid struts 106 forming a compression member. Cable 104 is attached to a continuous compression ring 108 . A compression ring 108 is placed circumscribing the contour area to be covered. Alternatively, cable 104 can be secured to multiple independent anchor blocks (not shown). The anchor block is buried in the ground at a position circumscribing the outer periphery of the contour area. As shown in FIG. 1, the compression ring 108 can be configured as part of the perimeter wall forming the stadium or amphitheater to be covered. 108
The other end of the cable is fixed to the upper or lower end of the central tension ring 110 or strut 106. Details of this are shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.

Cable 104 extending from compression ring 108 to central tension ring 110 forms the upper chord 112 or ridge cable of support 102 . However, some of the cables 104 originating from the compression ring 108 extend angularly downward from successive predetermined locations along the support 102 in diagonal chords 114 or diagonal cables.

As best shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of cables 104 are secured to compression ring 108 and extend radially toward tension ring 110. In a first predetermined position, several cables 104 are stripped from the remaining cables and arranged to extend downwardly from the remaining cables forming upper chords 112 to create diagonal chords 114 . Similarly, at the next successive predetermined position, some of the cables 104 are again connected to the remaining cable 10.
4 and extends downwardly at an angle from the remaining cable forming the top chord 112 to create another diagonal chord 114. The upper chord member 112 and the diagonal chord member 114 that overlaps below are
Form two adjacent sides of a triangle. The strut 106 is connected between the top chord 112 and the diagonal chord 114 formed by the cable 104 and completes the third side of the triangle by the structure shown in FIGS. 5 through 8 and described below. . The triangles thus formed are arranged in a generally vertical common plane containing the support 102. As shown in FIG.
Each triangle formed by 6 is formed independently,
Each triangle has no common sides. Thus, the struts 106 are arranged vertically, and the upper ends of the struts attach to the cables 104 at the intersections of the upper chords 112 and the adjacent triangular diagonal chords 114. As mentioned above,
The number of cables 104 forming the upper chord 112 decreases continuously as a corresponding number of cables are stripped to create the diagonal chord 114. The number of cables 104 included in each diagonal chord 114 is the same as tY, while the number of cables included in the upper chord 112 decreases from the compression ring 108 toward the central tension ring 110.

To complete the support 102, a plurality of concentric tension rings comprising a plurality of stranded cables 118 are attached to the lower ends of corresponding struts 106 in adjacent supports 102, as best shown in FIGS. 7 and 8. 116 is fixed.

A flexible membrane 120 overlies the support 102 and provides a roof for the dome-shaped volume created by the contoured area covered. membrane 12
0 can be formed from a synthetic woven material, or from materials such as canvas or formed metal thin film.

Membrane 120 is preferably constructed to be weather resistant and is a non-flammable composite. Membrane 120 can be a coated fabric such as Teflon-coated fiberglass, silicone-coated fiberglass, silicone-coated polyester, or the like. The membrane 120 can also be translucent to allow light to pass through and also have good acoustic properties, depending on covered stadium or amphitheater applications. A plurality of valley cables 122 are located between adjacent supports 102 and extend between compression ring 108 and tension ring 110. The flexible membrane 120 is maintained in tension by prestressing the valley cables 122, for example as disclosed in US Pat. No. 3,807,421. The segments of flexible membrane 120 extending in a V-shaped cross-section between adjacent supports 102 can be square, trapezoidal, triangular, wedge-shaped, etc. in shape. In this regard, flexible membrane 120 may be constructed of a plurality of triangular panels. The triangular panels radiate outward from the central tension ring 110 such that the joints of adjacent panels can be successively heat sealed or glued in place during field assembly so that the adjacent panels have no cross-sections. It can be made without any joints.

5 and 6, strut 106 is attached to cable 104 by hanging hardware 124 at a predetermined location. At the upper end of the hanging hardware 124 is a rotatable U-shaped bracket 126 through which the cable 104 passes.
will be established. To secure the bracket 126 to the cable 104, several cables are terminated and the fixture 12
8 to fix it to the hanging hardware. As previously discussed, some of the cables 104 extend through the U-shaped brackets 126 and are angled downwardly to create the diagonal chords 114. Furthermore, as shown in the figure, an auxiliary diagonal chord member i i 4' can be provided by fixing a cable between the hanging hardware 124 and the lower ends of the adjacent columns 106. No bracing between adjacent supports 102 is necessary. This is due to the fact that the cable 104 forming the top chord 112 and diagonal chord 114 is in tension.

However, trusses or cross braces between adjacent supports 102 may be provided to redistribute loads and facilitate construction of cable truss dome 100. In this regard, the trusses or braces are constructed using diagonal cables 130 fixed between corresponding struts 106 in adjacent supports 3.02.
This can be achieved by providing cross braces in the shape of . In particular, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, one end of the diagonal cable 130 is fixed to the hanging hardware 124, and the other end is attached to the lower end of the corresponding column 106. Although seven diagonal cables 130 are shown in the figure, it is anticipated that two or three such diagonal cables will be required. To serve the purpose of load redistribution, the diagonal cables are flanged at the drop point.

The cable 104, which continues through the suspension in the support 102, is secured to a ring-shaped tension ring 110 in a manner as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. Additionally, valley cables 122 are also secured to central tension ring 110 between adjacent cables 104 . In this way,
One end of support 102 is attached to tension ring 110 and extends radially outwardly, and the other end is attached to compression ring 108 . A support 132 is provided at the lower end of the column 106. Supports 132 are generally positioned laterally to the struts;
Extending outwardly along the direction of support 102 . Support 132
attaches each concentric tension ring 116 to the support 132.
It is provided to fix the cable 118 of. Platform 134 is positioned overlying cables 118 and provides passage for maintenance and construction personnel. The plant platform 134 is placed overlapping the concentric tension/gages 116 between adjacent columns 106 and has safety handrails 136 on each side of the platform.

As mentioned above, the cable truss dome 100 incorporates a structural system that uses a truss, the truss having a top chord 112 made of a tensile member consisting of a plurality of prestressed cables 104. . Cable 104 is secured to a compression ring 108 or an implanted anchor block (not shown). Diagonal string material 11
4 are arranged discontinuously with each other and nested with the concentric tension ring 116, and the diagonal chord members are attached to the concentric tension ring. Since the cable truss dome 100 is a tension dome in the embodiment and dome buckling is not an issue, the height of the dome can be made as shallow as possible consistent with drainage and stadium functions.

That is, the aspect ratio, ie the ratio of dome surface area to contour plane area, can be minimized.

Membrane thorn surfaces that are entirely concave can be prestressed by valley cables 122. valley cable 122
The flexible membrane 12 is connected to the upper chord member 112 of each support member 102.
Subtract 0. The elements of the circumferential restraint system, top chord 112, diagonal chord 114, and tension ring 116, which are comprised of prestressed cables on the jamb compression ring 108, can be connected by rigid elements such as beams or trusses to absorb compressive forces. It is also possible to add additional stiffness to the element without introducing it.

The special feature of cable truss dome 100 is manifested in the fact that it is not triangular. The rigidity of the triangular structure is the same as the structural roof membrane! The cable truss dome 100 is designed so that the cable truss dome 100 can function as both a roof and a weatherproof membrane.
is not necessary. The membrane can accommodate large displacements of non-triangular structural systems if prestressed into the appropriate shape. Therefore, nonlinear large displacement structure analysis is possible using a digital computer.

Furthermore, the cable truss dome 100 is capable of circular and non-circular planar shapes based on the asymmetric principle, as disclosed, for example, in US Pat. No. 3,841,038. As mentioned above, the prestressed flexible membrane 120 covering the cable truss dome 100 is shallowly corrugated to minimize the ratio of surface area to profile planar area and to achieve maximum economy of readable membranes. This economy is further enhanced by the use of individual multi-thread cables 104. The multi-thread cable 104 can be used for the upper chord 112 and the diagonal chord 114 for maximum efficiency. Said efficiency is calculated from the outer periphery towards the center of the contour area for the upper chord 1
This is accomplished in reducing the total number of individual cables 104 required for 12. The reduction in the number of individual cables 1040 may be as large as the amount of cables required for each diagonal chord 114. Therefore, the number of termination connections required by cable 104 can be minimized.

Additionally, by using an order of cables 118 in the construction of each tensioning 1]6, the resulting construction can function as a maintenance aisle support as described above.

The use of cable truss dome 100 is Tenkawa-like.

This is because of the efficiency with which cable termination forces can be resisted by the use of asymmetric compression rings or anchor blocks. The flexibility of the cable truss dome 100,
In the fact that it is not triangular, the cable truss dome, with or without the flexible membrane 120, can be assembled mostly above ground or in a suspended position and pulled into position using a simple cable tensioning device. It has the advantage of being able to be lifted. The cable tensioning device is used to apply a final tension force to the cable 104 so as to cause it to fall.

A method of constructing the cable truss dome 100 will be explained based on FIGS. 9 to 15. cable truss dome 1
Is the construction of 00 due to the natural tendency of the cable to fall concavely upward between fixed points due to its own weight? Make use of it. Tension ring 110 is supported on scaffold 138 or
Alternatively, it may be located on the ground and hoisted into position by jacking up the ridge cable. Cable 11 including top chord 112 and diagonal chord 114'' for support 102
The bundles of 4 are positioned radially with respect to the contour area to be covered. The outer peripheral end of the cable 104 is secured to a compression ring 108, and the other end of the cable provided with an upper chord 112 is secured to a tension ring 110.

The cable 104 provided with the string members 114 is connected to each supporting member 1
02 can depend downwardly from the remaining cable at successive locations corresponding to the placement of the struts 106. The length of some of the diagonal chords 114 is longer than the required area of the cable truss dome 100 to be constructed, but this is provided for construction purposes as described below.

The post 106 attached to the hanging hardware 124 and the support 131Q is placed on the ground, on a scaffold, or on a stadium seat, as shown in FIG. The struts 106 are securely installed so that their mutual planar position is maintained while the concentric tension ring 116 is attached. The cables 111j are routed over and over the supports 132 of the corresponding struts 106, creating a plurality of concentric tension rings 116. Tensioning ring 116 provides a slight tension when attached to support 132 of each post 106. Hanging hardware 1
The strut 106, support 132, and tension ring 116 with attached
is fixed to the cable 104 forming the. Alternatively, first attach the hanging hardware 124 to the cable 104, and then attach the struts 124 to the hanging hardware during the construction of the cable truss dome 100 in China.
6 can also be installed. Attachment of the hanger 124 to the cable 104 can be performed by rotatably mounting a U-shaped bracket 126 on the cable 104 to the upper end of the hanger 124 and securing the cable with a fitting 128. The cable 104 provided with the diagonal chord 114 is inserted following the lower end of the strut 106. This procedure is repeated for all concentric rings formed by the corresponding struts 106 and tension rings 116. Pillar 10
6 is securely installed, the cable 104 is successively attached to the top end of one column, and then to the bottom end of the adjacent column, forming a diagonal chord 114 between the two to form a contoured area. The hook can also be placed by passing it over. This alternative method allows cable truss dome 100 to be easily assembled and constructed from a ground level location.

The free ends of the diagonal chords 114 are joined at the outermost struts 106 and then the diagonal chords are raised by shortening the length of the diagonal chords through the struts. As a result, the cable 10 forming the upper chord member 112 and the diagonal chord member 114 as shown in the sequence from FIG.
4 is placed in tension and lifts the outer part of the support 102 upwards. For each concentric ring formed by a corresponding strut 106 and tension member 116, a diagonal chord member 114
Repeat lifting the cable truss dome 1.
All cables 104 in 00 are placed in tension. This reverses the cable truss dome as shown in the construction sequence of FIGS. 11 through 14.

The diagonal chord members 114 are then secured to the struts 106 to complete the structure of the couple truss dome 100. As mentioned above, cross braces 130 may be provided between adjacent corresponding columns 106 and platforms 1 may be provided to create passageways.
34 can also be installed. The cable truss dome 100 is
coated with oJ flexure M120 and braced by pulling the valley cable 122 or by pulling the diagonal chord 114.

As mentioned above, the internal tension ring 116 is suspended with the heel post 106 on a flat surface or above a support structure such as stadium seating. The struts 106 are for attaching the internal tensioner to the cape 104, which is provided with a top chord 112. The cables 104 forming the upper chords 112 are in an inverted position and the diagonal chords 114 are shortened one concentric ring at a time, resulting in a concave lower position and support in one ring at a time. The material 102 will now have an opposite curvature.

Alternatively, it will be appreciated that the flexible membrane 120 can be fully attached to the cables 104 and valley cables 122 to inflate the roof structure using a mechanical zorower. The upward movement of the flexible membrane 120 by the mechanical blower reverses the curvature of the support 1020 and brings the struts 106 to a substantially final position where diagonal chords 114 can be attached. Using a hydraulic jack, strut 106 is positioned in its final position, with support 102 assuming a concave lower position. At this point, the internal pressure generated by the mechanical blower eliminates the need to maintain cable truss dome 100 upward. By carrying out the construction procedure on a plane or as close to the ground as possible, the procedure is still greatly facilitated.

Based on the present invention, a construction sequence for raising a roof structure in the shape of a cable truss dome 100 has been disclosed. The method of the present invention includes the steps of: passing a tensioning member over a contour area; attaching a compression member to the tensioning member at a predetermined location; and attaching a tensioning ring to a corresponding compression member within the tensioning member. It consists of attaching several tensile members to the compressed material to form a diagonal member, and inverting the tensile members, which hang across the profile area, to form the roof structure.

16 and 17 show half of a cable truss 140 according to another embodiment of the invention.

Cable truss 140 is comprised of a plurality of tension members 142 placed over a contoured area covered by 0] flexures 120, for example of the type shown in FIG. Tensile material 142
comprises a flexible cable of the type shown and described in connection with the previous embodiments. In passing the contour area, one end of the tension member 142 is connected to a continuous compression ring 10''8.
Attach to.

The continuous compression ring 108 is placed circumscribing the contoured area. Alternatively, the tensile member 142 may be secured to a plurality of independent anchor blocks (not shown) buried in the ground at locations circumscribing the perimeter of the contoured area. A tension member 142 extends over a portion of the profile area, and the other end of the tension member is secured to a central tension ring 144 in the manner described below or, in the case of a linear truss, is hooked to the opposite side. . In addition to tension members 142, cable truss 140 includes a plurality of rigid struts 146.

The rigid struts 146 are of different lengths and form compressive material that functions similar to struts 106 shown in FIG.

Tensile member 142 is disposed within cable truss 140;
Upper chord members 148, diagonal chord members 150, and lower chord members 152 are formed. As shown, the number of cables in upper chord 148 decreases from compression ring 108 to tension ring 144. On the other hand, the number of cables in the lower chord 152 increases from the compression ring to the tension ring.

In embodiments, the plurality of continuous tensile members 142 may include a first
is secured to the upper end of the first strut 146, thereby forming a top chord 148 between the compression ring 108 and the first strut 146. Tension member 142 is connected to adjacent second strut 146'
A diagonal chord member 150 is formed between the two. The tension member 142 forming the diagonal chord 150 is then attached to the lower end of the remaining strut 146'', with the free end of the tension member 142 attached to the lower end of the tension ring 144. The remainder of the attached tension member 142 is
A top chord 148 is formed by attaching it to the upper end of an adjacent second column 146'. The number of cables in the top chord 148 running between adjacent first and second struts 146 and 146' is less than the number of cables in the top chord running between the compression ring 108 and the first strut 146. . Similarly, the tension member 142 connected to the upper end of the second strut 146' is attached to the lower end of the adjacent third strut 146' to form a diagonal chord 150, and finally to the tension ring 144. It is attached to the lower end to form a lower chord member 152. Second strut 146'
The remaining tension member 142 attached to the upper end of the column is attached to the upper end of an adjacent third column 146'' in the manner described above.

Therefore, the number of cables in the crescent 148 between successive struts 146, 146', 146'' is reduced, while the number of cables in the tension member 142 forming the lower chord 152 is increased between successive struts. do.

In other words, the tension members 142 include the upper chord members 148 and the diagonal chord members 15.
0, and the shape of the lower chord 152, the compression ring 1
08 and extends continuously toward the tension ring 144.

Also, the struts 146, 146' and 146'' are the upper chord 148
The tension member 142 is maintained in tension by being fixed between the lower chord member 152 and the lower chord member 152 and applying a load.

As FIG. 17 shows, struts 146 are secured to tension members 142 by saddle-type brackets) 154, 154'. As shown, an upper bracket 154 and a lower bracket 154'' are secured to the ends of the post 146. The upper bracket 154 includes a pair of spaced apart ears 156.
is provided, and a tensile material 142 is held between the ears. The lower bracket 154' is provided with a U-shaped restraint plate 158,
A tensile member 142 is sandwiched between the restraint grates. The tension member 142 also includes spaced bushings 16
is constrained between 0 and 0. In this way, the struts 146
Between the tension member 142, the upper chord member 148 and the lower chord member 152
to maintain the tension member in tension while the cart is applied.

A method of constructing the cable truss 140 will be briefly explained. Note that the method of constructing cable truss 140 is somewhat similar to the method of constructing cable truss dome 100 described in connection with FIGS. 9-15. That is, a bundle of tension material 142 is placed between compression ring 108 and tension ring 144 overlapping the contoured area. A plurality of struts 146 are attached to tension member 142 at locations intermediate between compression ring 108 and tension ring 144 . 1st
As shown in FIG. 6, the tension members form an upper chord 148, a diagonal chord 150, and a lower chord 152. Tensile material 142
and struts 146 may be assembled on the ground or using scaffolding 138 in the manner described above.

Cable truss 100 is constructed by joining the free end of tension member 142 to compression ring 108 in place and tensioning the tension member. By shortening the length of tension member 142 between compression ring 108 and tension ring 144, tensioning each tension member 142 causes upper chord member 148, diagonal chord member 150, and lower chord member 15 to
Said tension member 142 forming part 2 is placed in tension and then the outer part of the cable truss 140 is hoisted upwards. Tensile member 1 forming adjacent inner diagonal chord member 150
By continuing to pull 42, cable truss 1
All tension members within 40 are placed in tension.

This causes the cable truss to be hoisted up to a tensile self-supporting state, as shown in FIG. moreover,
Cross braces 130 may also be provided between adjacent corresponding columns 146. Cable truss 140 is coated with flexible membrane 120 and prestressed by tension on valley cables 122. Valley cable 122 is attached between tension ring 144 and compression ring 108.

Although the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, such embodiments merely illustrate the principles and applications of the invention. It should therefore be understood that many modifications may be made to the embodiments and other arrangements may be devised without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the claims below. be.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 shows a ridge cable comprising a ridge cable and a plurality of concentric tensionings having a plurality of radially arranged arched supports with top chords and a radially arranged arched support between adjacent arched supports. FIG. 2 shows a top view of a roof structure consisting of a cable truss dome with valley cables arranged in a row; FIG. FIG. 3 is a partial side view of a single radially arched arch section consisting of a plurality of compressed members in the form of vertical struts arranged between the diagonal chords and the adjacent valleys. FIG. 4 is a partial side view of the tensioning ring shown in FIG. 3; FIG. 5 is a partial side view of the tensioning ring shown in FIG. FIG. 6 is a partial side view of the upper part of the compression material in the form of a post attached to the tensile material by hardware; FIG. 6 is a partial front view of the compression material shown in FIG. 5 and hanging hardware used during construction; FIG. is a cross-sectional top view showing the compressed material shown in FIG. 5 and a platform supported on the lower end of the compressed material by a plurality of tension rings; FIG. 8 is a partial side view of the platform and the lower end of the compressed material shown in FIG. 7; Figures 9 to 15 are schematic diagrams showing the construction sequence of a roof structure according to the invention; Figure 16 is a cable truss according to another embodiment of the invention consisting of tensile and compressive members; FIG. 17 is a partial side view of the cable toss in which the tension members form an upper chord, a lower chord, and a diagonal chord extending between them, and FIG. 17 is a partial side view of the compressed material shown in FIG. 16 connected therebetween; FIG. 100... Roof structure, 102... Support material, 104.
...Tension material (cable), 106...Compression material (pillar)
, 108... Compression rig, 110... Central tension ring, 112... Upper chord member, 114... Diagonal chord member, 11
6...Tension ring, 118...Cable, 120.
... Flexible membrane, 122 ... Valley cable, 124 ... Hanging hardware, 126 ... Bracket, 128 ... Installation,
130... Diagonal cable, 132... Support, 134
... Platform, 136 ... Safety child, 177
．． 138...Scaffolding, 140...Cable truss, 1
42...Tension material, 144...Tension ring, 146.
...Strut, 148...Top chord material, 150...Diagonal chord material, 152...Lower chord material, 154...Bracket, 15
6... Ear, 158... Restraint Great, 160...
Bushing o QIF remainder 0 Fig. 4 Fig. 6 TC) 8 1 o I"J'J Chiku++ rno1 ], O8 Fig. 12 Fig. 13 Dark Fig. 14 Fig. 15 Fig. 16 Fig. 17

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A roof structure for passing over a contour area, comprising a support material for supporting the roof, the support material being a tension material, a compression material, and a lower tension material. The tension member forms a top chord extending over a part of the contour area and a diagonal chord extending from the top chord, and the compression material forms a cross section between the top chord and the diagonal chord Aj1. a roof structure, wherein the lower tensile member is connected to the lower end of the compressible member. 2. In the roof structure according to claim 1,
The tension member is a roof structure consisting of a plurality of cables arranged in a bundle. 3. In the roof structure according to claim 1,
A roof structure in which the top chord material, diagonal chord material, and compression material are arranged in a triangular shape with no common sides. 4. In the roof structure according to claim 3,
A roof structure in which the diagonal shapes of the supports are arranged in a substantially vertical common plane. 5. In the roof structure according to claim 1,
Furthermore, the roof structure includes a tension ring connected to the support in a central part overlapping the contour area. 6. In the roof structure according to claim 5,
The roof structure wherein the support extends radially outwardly from the tensioning and spans the contoured area. 7. In the roof structure according to claim 1,
The roof structure further includes a flexible membrane overlying the support. 8. In the roof structure according to claim 7,
Further, the roof structure includes tensioning means extending between adjacent supports for tensioning the flexible membrane. 9 In the roof structure according to claim 7,
The flexible membrane is comprised of a plurality of adjacent wedge-shaped elbows 9 of the roof structure radiating outwardly from a central portion of the contoured area. 10 In the roof structure according to claim 1,
The roof structure further includes compression means circumscribing said contoured area for mounting said supports. 11 In the roof structure according to claim 1,
The top chord is comprised of a plurality of cables, and the number of cables in the top chord decreases from the outer periphery of the contour area toward the central portion of the contour area. 12. The roof structure of claim 11, wherein the lower tension member comprises a plurality of cables, and the number of cables in the lower tension member varies from the outer periphery of the contoured area to the central portion of the contoured area. The roof structure increases towards. 13. The roof structure according to claim 11, wherein the diagonal chord member is composed of a plurality of cables, and the number of cables in the diagonal chord member extends from the outer periphery of the contour area to the medium-heated portion of the contour area. The roof structure is identical towards the front. 14. The roof structure of claim 13, wherein some of the cables of the top chord provide the cables of the diagonal chord. 15 In the roof structure according to claim 1,
The roof structure consists of a concentric tensioning where the lower tensioning member is connected to the lower end of the corresponding compression member. 16% In the roof structure according to claim 1,
The upper chord member, the diagonal chord member, and the lower tension member are
Roof structure consisting of common tensile material. 17. In the roof structure of a roof structure where the hooks pass over the contour area, the hooks pass over the contour area to support the roof, and the arched supports consist of tension members, compression members, and concentric tension rings. The tensile material and the compressive material are arranged to form a triangular shape, the tensile material forms two adjacent sides of the triangular shape, the compressive material forms the other side, and the concentric tensile material is a roof structure connected to the lower end of a corresponding compression member in said arched support. 18. The roof structure of claim 17, further comprising a compression material circumscribing the contoured area for attaching the arched support. 19% Exemption Scope: 18. The roof structure of claim 17, wherein the triangular shapes of the arched supports are disposed in a substantially perpendicular common plane. 2. The roof structure according to claim 17, further comprising a no-rat platform fixed to the tension ring. 2. In the roof structure according to claim 17,
The roof structure further includes means for tightening corresponding compression material in adjacent arch-shaped supports. 2. In the roof structure according to claim 17,
The tensile material forming one adjacent side of the triangle is the first
a plurality of cables, and wherein the tension member forming a second adjacent side of the triangle includes a second plurality of cables. 2. In the roof structure according to claim 22,
The roof structure wherein the number of cables of the first plurality corresponding to triangles of the arch support is greater than the number of cables of the first plurality corresponding to adjacent triangles of the arch support. 2. In the roof structure according to claim 23,
A roof structure in which the difference in the number of cables corresponds to the number of cables in the second plurality of adjacent triangles of the support member. 25. A roof structure for extending over a contoured area, comprising a supporting member for supporting the roof, said supporting member comprising a tensile material and a compressive material, said tensile material comprising said The hook in the contour area is formed by passing continuous and non-continuous material, said compressed material is attached between said continuous material and said non-continuous material, and a tensioning means is connected to the corresponding compressed material of said support material. A roof structure in which the discontinuous material is maintained in tension. 2. The roof structure according to claim 25, wherein the tensioning means comprises a plurality of concentric cables. 2. The roof structure according to claim 25, wherein the continuous material, the discontinuous material, and the compressed material are arranged in a triangular shape having no common sides. 2. The roof structure of claim 25, further comprising a flexible membrane overlying the support, the flexible membrane comprising a plurality of adjacent wedge-shaped panels defining the contour area. A roof structure radiating outward from a central portion, said wedge-shaped/e-nels being connected to adjacent panels along radial seams. 29. In the roof structure of a roof structure in which the hook is passed over the contour area, the hook is made up of a support material that extends over the contour area of the dam that supports the roof, the support material is composed of a tensile material and a compression material, and the tensile material is connected to the contour area. A part of the area is provided with an upper chord member and a lower chord member for passing, and a diagonal chord member extending between the upper chord member and the lower chord member, and the compression member is installed between the upper chord member and the lower chord member. roof structure. 30. The roof structure according to claim 29, wherein the upper chord comprises a plurality of cables, and the number of cables in the upper chord increases from the outer periphery of the contour area toward the central part of the contour area. roof structure. 31. The roof structure according to claim 30, wherein the lower chord comprises a plurality of cables, and the number of cables in the lower chord increases from the outer periphery of the contoured area toward the center of the contoured area. roof structures are increasing. 32. A method for constructing a roof structure for hanging a contoured area consisting of a tensile material and a compressive material, the step of hanging and passing the tensile layer over the contoured area, applying the compressive material to the tensile material at a predetermined position. attaching one end of the compressed material to the tensile member to form a diagonal member; and reversing the tensile member with a cross over the contour area to create the roof structure. roof construction method. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein said reversing of said tension member comprises shortening the length of said diagonal member. 34. The method of claim 32, further comprising attaching a concentric tension ring to the other end of a corresponding compression member within the tension member. 35. The method of claim 34, wherein said reversing comprises the step of simultaneously tensioning said diagonals of corresponding tension members. 36. The method of claim 32, wherein said reversing comprises the steps of attaching a flexible membrane to said tension member, inflating said flexible membrane, and reversing said tension member. 37. The method of claim 36, further comprising the step of providing a plurality of valley cables between adjacent tensile members and securing the flexible membrane to the valley cables. 38. The method of claim 32, further comprising the step of progressively reducing the number of tension members attached to the one end of the compression member. 39. The method of claim 32, further comprising the step of gradually increasing the number of tension members attached to the other end of the compression member. 40. The method of claim 32, further comprising the step of fixing the compressed material to partially adjust the mutual planar position of the compressed material.