Large-span X-shaped grid three-dimensional string structure system and construction method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a large-span string structure system and a construction method thereof, in particular to a large-span X-shaped grid three-dimensional string structure system and a construction method thereof.
Background
Along with the continuous development of the large-span structure, the string truss is more and more favored by designers with the excellent stress performance, and unidirectional strings, bidirectional strings and multidirectional string trusses are developed rapidly, but when the architect puts forward the requirements that the whole weight is light and the upper truss cannot be continuous (such as a daylighting skylight with a certain width is arranged on a roof), the traditional string truss is difficult to realize the design intention, so that a novel structural system is needed to realize.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a large-span X-shaped grid three-dimensional string structure system and a construction method thereof, which aim to solve the technical problems that an upper chord of a large-span string truss cannot be continuous and the whole weight is light.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a large-span X-shaped grid three-dimensional string structure system comprises an upper string main cross steel beam, a middle shared horizontal steel beam, a lower stay cable, a support, a lower string diagonal draw bar, a diagonal web member, a middle vertical rod, an upper string horizontal tie beam, a lower string horizontal tie bar and an overhanging beam; the middle shared horizontal steel beams are positioned at the upper end, the two middle shared horizontal steel beams are arranged at intervals, and the upper chord main cross steel beams are downwards and obliquely symmetrically arranged at two sides of the middle shared horizontal steel beams; the upper chord main cross steel beams at one side of the middle shared horizontal steel beam are positioned in the same inclined plane, wherein the upper ends of the two upper chord main cross steel beams which are in an X shape are respectively connected with the end points of one middle shared horizontal steel beam, the lower ends of the two upper chord main cross steel beams are respectively connected with one of the two supports, one side end points of the two middle shared horizontal steel beams are respectively connected with one outwardly extending upper chord main cross steel beam, the two supports are respectively connected with one outwardly extending upper chord main cross steel beam, and the end points of the horizontal steel beams at the same side are connected with the two outwardly extending upper chord main cross steel beams of the supports; the two outward extending upper chord main cross steel beams on the two sides are connected with the two X-shaped cross upper chord main cross steel beams on the same straight line, the horizontal planes from the three connection points to the support are respectively provided with a middle vertical rod, and the lower end points of the three middle vertical rods are connected through a lower chord horizontal tie rod; the lower end point of each middle vertical rod is connected with the end point of the horizontal steel beam through a diagonal web member, and the lower end point of each middle vertical rod is connected with the support through a lower chord diagonal draw bar; the lower end points of the middle vertical rods are respectively connected with the two supports and the two horizontal steel beam end points; the lower end of the middle vertical rod is intersected with the lower chord diagonal draw bar, the diagonal web member and the lower chord horizontal tie bar at one point;
the end points of one side of the two middle shared horizontal steel beams are connected through an upper chord horizontal tie beam; the lower end points of the middle vertical rods on two sides of the middle shared horizontal steel beam are respectively connected through lower inhaul cables which are arranged in parallel;
and a skylight is arranged at the upper end of the middle shared horizontal steel beam and is connected with the middle shared horizontal steel beam and the upper chord horizontal tie beam.
For further achieving the object of the present invention, preferably, the distance between the two supports on the side of the middle common horizontal steel beam is the same as the distance between the two end points on the side of the middle common horizontal steel beam.
Preferably, the middle shared horizontal steel beam is not coplanar with the vertical and horizontal of the lower inhaul cable, and the relative height difference is 8m-12m.
Preferably, the support adopts a fixed hinge support or one side is a fixed hinge support, and the other side is a unidirectional sliding support.
Preferably, vertical rods are respectively arranged downwards at the connecting points of the two outward extending upper chord main cross steel beams and the middle parts of the upper chord main cross steel beams, which are connected with the two supports, of the connecting points of the two X-shaped cross upper chord main cross steel beams, and are connected with lower chord diagonal draw bars; a vertical rod is downwards arranged at the middle part of the two outward-derived upper chord main cross steel beams and the upper chord main cross steel beams which are connected with the end points of the two common horizontal steel beams at the connecting points of the two X-shaped cross upper chord main cross steel beams, and is connected with a lower chord diagonal draw bar; the upper end points of the vertical rods and the middle vertical rod are connected through an upper chord horizontal tie beam.
Preferably, the cantilever beams extend outwards from the four supports along the plane where the upper chord main cross steel beams are located, and are connected with the upper chord main cross steel beams.
The construction method of the large-span X-shaped grid three-dimensional string structure system comprises the following steps: the method is characterized in that a high-altitude loose splicing method and a four-rail non-rope accumulated sliding method are adopted, wherein the four sliding rails of the four-rail non-rope accumulated sliding method comprise rails at two side supports and two rails at the intersection node of an upper chord main cross steel beam and a middle sharing horizontal steel beam.
Preferably, the four-rail non-belt cumulative sliding method comprises the following steps:
1) After the construction of the building structure below the support is completed, and after the installation of the related temporary supporting structure and the related sliding rail is completed; the upper chord main cross steel beam, the middle shared horizontal steel beam, the lower chord diagonal draw bar, the diagonal web member, the middle vertical rod, the upper chord horizontal tie beam and the lower chord horizontal tie bar are assembled in an assembling area to complete a stabilizing unit; after the first stabilizing unit is installed, the first stabilizing unit is forwards slipped for a unit distance, then the second stabilizing unit is hoisted, and so on until the whole stabilizing unit is installed; installing a skylight and an overhanging beam to form an integral steel structure;
2) Unloading after the integral steel structure is hoisted and slipped, and falling the integral steel structure on the support and the middle temporary support structure;
3) Fixing a support on one side, starting to stretch the lower inhaul cable, stretching from two ends to the middle, stretching from the middle to two ends, grading according to design requirements, determining according to calculation, and controlling all cable forces to accord with design values;
4) And removing the temporary supporting structure and performing roof engineering construction.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following characteristics and beneficial effects:
1) The invention breaks through the traditional method that the upper chord truss of the chord truss is continuous and the single truss is independent, and all structures are connected into a whole by sharing the middle shared beam by every two X-shaped units, thereby solving the problem of large span design when the upper chord truss cannot be continuous and achieving the effects of light overall structure and attractive internal space.
2) The invention fully combines the stress characteristics of the structure in the construction process, solves the problem of hoisting space by adopting a four-rail non-rope accumulated sliding method, effectively solves the difficult problem of controlling the rope force and the final form of the steel structure by multiple-stage symmetrical opposite and opposite tensioning sequences, and can be widely applied to the steel structure engineering of the long-span double-slope roof.
3) The large-span structure system has the advantages of light whole, good integrity, attractive structure and the like, and simultaneously solves the problem of discontinuous string ascending of the string truss.
4) The construction method has mature process and easily controlled process quality; the invention can be widely applied to the steel structure engineering of the large-span double-slope roof.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a large-span X-grid three-dimensional string structure system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an overall elevation of fig. 1.
FIG. 3 is an overall schematic of an application of a large-span X-grid stereo string structure system.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a hoisting of the large-span X-grid three-dimensional string structure system of the present invention.
The figure shows: the upper chord main cross steel beam 1, the middle shared horizontal steel beam 2, the lower stay rope 3, the support 4, the lower chord diagonal draw bar 5, the diagonal web member 6, the middle vertical rod 7, the upper chord horizontal tie beam 8, the lower chord horizontal tie bar 9, the skylight 10, the cantilever beam 11, the integral roof structure 12, the sliding rail 13 and the temporary supporting structure 14.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the present invention, the following description of the invention is given with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the embodiments of the invention are not limited thereto.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a large-span X-shaped grid three-dimensional string structure system comprises an upper string main cross steel beam 1, a middle shared horizontal steel beam 2, a lower stay rope 3, a support 4, a lower string diagonal draw bar 5, a diagonal web member 6, a middle vertical rod 7, an upper string horizontal tie beam 8, a lower string horizontal tie bar 9 and an overhanging beam 11; the middle shared horizontal steel beams 2 are positioned at the upper end, the two middle shared horizontal steel beams 2 are arranged at intervals, and the upper chord main cross steel beams 1 are downwards obliquely and symmetrically arranged at two sides of the middle shared horizontal steel beams 2; the upper chord main cross steel beams 1 on one side of the middle shared horizontal steel beam 2 are arranged in the same inclined plane, wherein the upper ends of the two upper chord main cross steel beams 1 which are in an X shape are respectively connected with the end points of one middle shared horizontal steel beam 2, the lower ends of the two upper chord main cross steel beams are respectively connected with one of the two supports 4, one side end points of the two middle shared horizontal steel beams 2 are respectively connected with one outwardly extending upper chord main cross steel beam 1, the two supports 4 are respectively connected with one outwardly extending upper chord main cross steel beam 1, and the two outwardly extending upper chord main cross steel beams 1 which are connected with the end points of the horizontal steel beams 2 on the same side and the supports 4 are connected; the two outwardly extending upper chord main cross steel beams 1 on two sides are connected with the two connecting points of the X-shaped cross upper chord main cross steel beams 1 on the same straight line, the horizontal planes from the three connecting points down to the support 4 are respectively provided with a middle vertical rod 7, and the lower end points of the three middle vertical rods 7 are connected through a lower chord horizontal tie rod 9; the lower end point of each middle vertical rod 7 is connected with the end point of the horizontal steel beam 2 through a diagonal web member 6, and the lower end point of each middle vertical rod 7 is connected with the support 4 through a lower chord diagonal pull rod 5; the lower end points of the middle vertical rod 7 are respectively connected with the end points of the two supports 4 and the two horizontal steel beams 2; the lower end of the middle vertical rod 7 is intersected with the lower chord diagonal draw bar 5, the diagonal web member 6 and the lower chord horizontal tie bar 9. The middle parts of the two outwardly extending upper chord main cross steel beams 1, which are connected with the two supports 4, are respectively provided with a vertical rod downwards, and the vertical rods are connected with a lower chord diagonal draw bar 5; a vertical rod is downwards arranged in the middle of the upper chord main cross steel beams 1 connected with the end points of the two common horizontal steel beams 2 and connected with a lower chord diagonal draw bar 5; the upper end points of the vertical rods and the middle vertical rod 7 are connected through an upper chord horizontal tie beam 8; the end points of one side of the two middle shared horizontal steel beams 2 are connected through an upper chord horizontal tie beam 8; the lower end points of the middle vertical rods 7 on the two sides of the middle shared horizontal steel beam 2 are respectively connected through lower stay ropes 3 which are arranged in parallel; the cantilever beams 11 extend outwards from the four supports 4 along the plane where the upper chord main cross steel beam 1 is located, and the cantilever beams 11 are connected with the upper chord main cross steel beam 1.
A skylight 10 is arranged at the upper end of the middle shared horizontal steel beam 2, and the skylight 10 is connected with the middle shared horizontal steel beam 2 and the upper chord horizontal tie beam 8.
The distance between the two supports 4 on the side of the middle shared horizontal steel beam 2 is the same as the distance between the two endpoints on the side of the middle shared horizontal steel beam 2.
The middle part sharing horizontal steel beam 2 is not vertical and horizontal with the lower inhaul cable 3, and the relative height difference is 8m-12m.
The support 4 can be a fixed hinged support or a fixed hinged support on one side and a unidirectional sliding support on the other side.
The lighting skylight can be arranged at the position of the middle shared horizontal steel beam 2 in the building, so that good indoor effect and look and feel are achieved. Meanwhile, the out-of-plane rigidity of the traditional plane string truss is relatively weak, and the out-of-plane rigidity and the torsional rigidity are required to be provided by virtue of out-of-plane purlines and roof boards, so that the integrity is relatively weak. The large-span X-shaped grid three-dimensional string structure system is a grid three-dimensional string truss, the upper string is composed of X-shaped cross steel beams, and the cross steel beams are connected through connecting tie bars to form a stable triangular unit; the lower chord of the X-shaped grid three-dimensional string truss is connected with a lower chord horizontal tie rod 9 by a V-shaped lower chord diagonal rod 5, and a stable triangular unit is formed; therefore, the upper chord and the lower chord of the X-shaped grid three-dimensional string truss have very good out-of-plane rigidity and integrity.
Meanwhile, due to the existence of the lower inhaul cable 3, the X-shaped grid three-dimensional string truss structure greatly exerts good tensile property of inhaul cable materials, so that the steel consumption of the whole roof is relatively low, and good economic benefit is achieved.
Fig. 3 is an overall schematic diagram of an application of the large-span X-grid three-dimensional string structure system, and as can be seen from fig. 3, a plurality of large-span X-grid three-dimensional string structure systems are arranged at intervals, and an overall roof structure 12 is arranged on the large-span X-grid three-dimensional string structure system.
The construction method of the large-span X-shaped grid three-dimensional string structure system is a four-rail non-cable accumulated sliding method: the four sliding rails comprise rails at two side supports 4 and two rails at the intersection point of the upper chord main cross steel girder 1 and the middle shared horizontal steel girder 2, and the method comprises the following steps:
step one, after the construction of the building structure below the support 4 is completed, and after the installation of the related temporary support structure 14 and the slide rail 13 is completed; the upper chord main cross steel beam 1, the middle shared horizontal steel beam 2, the lower chord diagonal draw bar 5, the diagonal web member 6, the middle vertical bar 7, the upper chord horizontal tie beam 8, the lower chord horizontal tie bar 9 and the assembly area are assembled to complete a stabilizing unit; after the first stabilizing unit is installed, the first stabilizing unit is forwards slipped for a unit distance, then the second stabilizing unit is hoisted, and so on until the whole stabilizing unit is installed; installing a skylight 10 and an overhanging beam 11 to form an integral steel structure;
step two, hoisting and unloading the whole steel structure after the sliding is finished, and dropping the whole steel structure on the support 4 and the middle temporary support structure 14;
fixing a support 4 at one side, starting stretching the lower stay rope 3, stretching from two ends to the middle, stretching from the middle to two ends, grading according to design requirements, determining according to calculation, and controlling all rope forces to accord with design values;
and step four, removing the temporary supporting structure 14 to perform roof engineering construction.
The present invention can be preferably practiced as described above.
The invention breaks through the traditional method that the upper chord truss of the chord truss is continuous and the single truss is independent, and all structures are connected into a whole by sharing the middle shared beam by every two X-shaped units, thereby solving the problem of large span design when the upper chord truss cannot be continuous and achieving the effects of light overall structure and attractive internal space.
The invention fully combines the stress characteristics of the structure in the construction process, solves the problem of hoisting space by adopting a four-rail non-rope accumulated sliding method, effectively solves the difficult problem of controlling the rope force and the final form of the steel structure by multiple-stage symmetrical opposite and opposite tensioning sequences, and can be widely applied to the steel structure engineering of the long-span double-slope roof.