JPS60233695A - Electronic musical instrument - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electronic musical instrument, and more particularly to an electronic musical instrument using a waveform reading method.

Conventional configurations and their problems Recently, there has been a growing movement to generate musical sounds closer to natural musical instrument sounds using electronic musical instruments, and various methods have been proposed.

One way to do this is to store multiple pieces of waveform data corresponding to one period of a musical tone in memory, and then sequentially read out the waveform data and interpolate it to simulate the original sound signal. There is a method to synthesize.

This has the advantage of being able to more vividly simulate the sounds of natural instruments, and of not requiring a relatively large circuit size.
Since a synthesized musical tone is a simulation of the original tone, the speed of the sound, etc., is specified to be exactly the same as the original tone.

When playing, the attack may be too slow depending on the song.

Also, a situation may occur where the speed is too high. It is well known that attack is an important part of a musical tone, determining a large part of its impression. Although the attack speed must vary depending on the song, conventional electronic musical instruments have had the problem of not being able to meet this need.

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide an electronic musical instrument having a simple configuration and having means for generating musical tones having a speed of action suitable for a piece of music.

Structure of the Invention The electronic musical instrument of the present invention includes a memory part that stores tone data and control data used when generating musical tones using the data, and a memory part that reads control data from the memory part. , based on the institutional (goods) data read above,
The apparatus includes a data reading section that reads corresponding timbre data from the part of the memory, and a calculation section that generates a synthesized musical tone signal based on the control data and using the timbre data corresponding to the control data. , and the above control data.

The corresponding timbre data read above forms time information used to generate a synthesized musical tone signal, and a musical tone that changes over time is generated. By detecting the operation of the operating section and converting the time information based on the information, the speed of change of the generated musical tone can be made variable, and the generated musical tone can be changed. The range of change in which the speed of change can be varied by operation is set in advance, and outside the set range, the speed of change is unified to the preset speed, and the rise of the musical note is By making the speed variable, the performer's freedom of expression is increased.

Description of examples An embodiment of the present invention will be described below based on the drawings.

First, the musical tone generation method of the present invention will be explained with reference to FIG.

When the key on/off signal ((1) in Figure 1) accompanying the key press (on) and key release (off) of the key switch turns on, the waveform data Wo-W9 stored in the data memory is
First, waveform data W is obtained by performing waveform interpolation processing using waveform data Wo and waveform data W1. The virtual waveform existing between the waveform data Wo and the waveform data W1 is sequentially transitioned from the waveform data Wo to the waveform data W1. Thereafter, in the same way, waveform data W1, waveform data W2+, etc.
. . . Interpolation processing is performed sequentially from waveform data W4 to waveform data W5 to generate a rising portion of one composite waveform ((3)-attack section in FIG. 1). The transition time between each waveform data in the attack section is varied by operating an externally provided operating section (hereinafter referred to as an attack speed control switch).

Then, when the waveform data reaches W5, it returns to W5-
! Similar to the waveform data in , sequential interpolation processing is performed to generate a composite waveform ((3) constant waveform generation section in Figure 1), but the transition time between each waveform data is determined by the attack speed control switch. It does not change depending on the operation.

When the waveform data progresses to the final waveform W9, the final waveform is repeatedly read from the memory section to generate a composite waveform.

((3)-Hold section in FIG. 1) When the key-on/off signal is turned off, an attenuated envelope signal ((2) in FIG. 1) is generated.

When the key switch is in the OFF state, the synthesized waveform generated above is multiplied by the attenuation envelope, and a musical sound waveform is output (section (4)-WE in FIG. 1).

In this way, the rising part (attack section) of a musical tone is created by interpolation synthesis using waveform data Wo to waveform data W5, and the steady part of a musical tone is created by interpolation synthesis and synthesis using waveform data W5 to waveform data W9. It is created by repeatedly reading out the waveform data W9, and the attenuation section of the musical tone is created by multiplying the composite waveform and the attenuation envelope.

The time of the rising part (attack section) created by interpolation synthesis from waveform data Wo to W5 is variable by operating the attack speed control switch, but for sections other than the rising part (attack section), the attack speed control Not affected by switch operation.

Next, the contents of the data stored in the data memory will be explained.

FIG. 2 shows an example of a data memory.

Musical tone synthesis data combines system data and waveform data into one
It consists of combined data and start address data.

The start address data is data indicating the start address of each composite data.

The control data includes control data length data (CDL) indicating the address length of data stored in the control data area, attack section final waveform number (ATEN) indicating the final waveform of the attack (rising) section, and waveform data. It is used when generating a synthesized waveform, and is composed of transition data that forms time information for musical tone generation. The transition data is provided for each piece of waveform data. In addition, in the example of Fig. 2.

Data CDL is CDL-(11)1o, data ATKN
is ATKN=(6)jQ.

The waveform data consists of multiple sheets of one cycle of the musical sound waveform (in Figure 2, one
0 sheets).

Multiple sets of composite data are prepared depending on the position of the key switch. For example, different synthesis data may be prepared for each octave, or different synthesis data may be prepared for each timbre.

Next, waveform interpolation processing will be explained.

Figure 3 shows waveform data (i
) and waveform data (i+1) are shown.

As a waveform interpolation method, from waveform data position (i) to (1
+1); (i-o, 1, 2... Knee 1), one period of the musical sound waveform is repeated M times, and the waveform samples f (Xi, n) and f (Xi++ , n ) is used to virtually calculate the waveform sample value of the virtual sample point using interpolation calculation. Interpolation Formula % Formula %) (1) i represents the number of the waveform stored in the data memory.

(i=o, 1, 2, . . . , Il-1) represents a position in the middle of a transition between waveform numbers i and i+1 repeatedly M times.

(m=o, 1.2, . . . , M-1) n represents a waveform sample number at a sample position obtained by dividing one cycle of the musical sound waveform into N parts.

(n=o, 1.2.------, N-1) Figure 4 (1
An example of interpolation using equation (1) is shown in L). As can be seen from the figure, discontinuities occur at the joints of the waveforms. If the level difference between these discontinuous points is large, it may cause an auditory problem as an unnecessary noise component. Therefore, in this embodiment, a correction term is added to equation (1) to prevent the occurrence of discontinuous points as shown in FIG. The interpolation formula is shown by adding a correction term to the @) formula.

(2) Next, as a method of simplifying the explanation calculation for the transition data shown in FIG. 2, the following method is used.

(2) In equation (2), the increment value of the 14 Nm+n term was 1, but the increment value of the numerator term of the interpolation coefficient is set to α.

■ Fix the MH term as 216.

As a result, the interpolation coefficient becomes (Nm+n)α/2.

For the 1/2 term, just perform a fixed right shift operation (
There is no need to divide the 1M1 term, making it easier to calculate the interpolation coefficient. Table 1 shows the relationship between the transition data, the increment value α, the number of samples in one cycle of the waveform, and the number of waveform transitions.

When the transition number data is CF)1b, it is the final waveform flag (signal WΣF) indicating the final waveform.

The increment value α determines the transition time from waveform number i to waveform number 1+1. That is, if the upper sample number N is fixed, the number of waveform transitions (the number of repetitions M) is determined by the increment value α, as shown in Table 1.

In this embodiment, this increment value α is doubled and once.

and 1/2 time conversion to speed up, leave as is, and slow down the transition time. In other words,
By converting α to 2 times, 1 times, and 1/2 times, the waveforms were repeated M times before the transition was completed. The waveform of the number of sheets changes repeatedly. Converting the increment value α can be realized by performing a bit shift.

FIG. 6 shows the number of repetitions when the increment value α is converted to 2 times, 1 time, and 1/2 times, respectively.

Next, a method for generating pitches will be explained.

For determining the scale, a note clock signal corresponding to a 12-tone scale is generated. Regarding octave relationships, pitches related to octaves are generated by changing the number of samples in one cycle of the musical waveform of the waveform data stored in the musical tone synthesis data memory.

For example, if one cycle of the musical waveform corresponding to the yCO tone (32.703 Hz) is 512 samples, the scale clock signal is 32.708 Hz x 512≠16.74
It becomes a song. Table 2 shows the frequency of the scale clock signal, and Table 3 shows the number of waveform samples and the octave relationship.

(Margin below) Table 2 fMcK=8.00096Wh Table 3 Next, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an electronic musical instrument according to the present invention.

(sol) is the keyboard section (KB), and (602) is the operation section (TAB ), (603) are central processing units (
(604) is a readable/writable storage device (random access memory called RAM), (605) is a CpU (where the program that determines the operation of sol is Stored in read-only storage (RO with read-only memory)
M) and (606) are ROMs shown in FIG. 2 that store waveform sample data for synthesizing musical tones, control data for generating waveforms, and the like. (
607) is a musical tone generator that generates musical tones using the ROM (606) (stored waveform sample data and control data), (60a) is a filter that removes sampling noise, and (609) is an electroacoustic transducer.

Keyboard section (601), operation section (602), CPU (
eos).

The RAM (604), ROM (605), (606), and musical tone generator (607) are connected by a data bus, an address bus, and an o line. The method of connecting the data bus, address bus, and control lines in this way is a well-known method used mainly in minicomputers and microcomputers. Eight to 16 data buses are used, and data is transmitted and received on these bus lines not in one direction but in multiple directions in a time-division manner. Multiple address buses, for example 16, are prepared, and usually CP
U(eos) outputs the address code and other parts receive the address code. As the control line, a memory request line (MFtKQ), an I10 request line (IORQ), a read line (RD), a write line (WR), etc. are usually used.

MRICQ indicates reading and writing memory.

10RQ indicates that the contents of the input/output device (Ilo) are to be retrieved, %RD indicates the timing of reading data from the memory or Ilo, and WR indicates the timing of writing data to the memory or Ilo. An example of a microprocessor using such a control line is the microprocessor Z8o manufactured by Zilog.

Next, the operation of the electronic musical instrument shown in FIG. 6 will be described.

The keyboard section (601) is configured so that a plurality of key switches can be divided into a plurality of groups and the on/off states of the key switches in the groups can be collectively sent to the data bus. For example, in the case of a 61-key keyboard, each 6-key (half-octave)
Divided into 11 groups, 0 group and 1 key.% Each group has 1 address code.
Allocate one by one. When an address code indicating one of the above groups arrives on the address line and the signal l0RQ and signal RD are applied, the keyboard section (601) decodes the address code and selects the key in the corresponding group. Outputs 6-bit or 1-bit data indicating on/off of the switch to the data bus. These can be constructed using decoders, bus drivers and some gate circuits.

Of the operation section (602), the tablet switch can have the same configuration as the keyboard section (601).

The cptr (eos) reads the instruction code from the address of the ROM (605) that corresponds to the code of the internal program counter, decodes it, performs arithmetic operations, logical operations, and reads and writes data.

Performs tasks such as jumping instructions by changing the contents of the program counter. The procedures for these tasks are stored in ROM (
6ots). First, the CPU (603
) reads the command for importing the data of the keyboard section (601) from the ROM (6o5), and imports the code indicating on/off of the valley keys of the keyboard section (eoi) for each group. Then, the key code being pressed is input to the tone generator (6).
07) and transmits musical tone generation data corresponding to the key code.

Next, the CPU (Oo3) sequentially reads nine groups of instructions from the ROM (605) for importing data from the operation unit (802), decodes them, and writes the address code and control signal l0RQ corresponding to the operation unit (602). and HD, and causes the data bus to output a code representing the state of the switch in the operation section (602), which is read into the CPU (Oo3). Based on the data read into the CPU (603), the timbre is selected and predetermined effect control data is generated, and the timbre selection data is stored in the ROM (Oo6) and the effect side leg data is stored in the musical tone generator (60'7). Send. Note that the method of assigning the five key pressed key codes to a finite channel of the tone generator (Oo7) is known as a generator assigner function.

The musical tone generation section (607) generates musical tone synthesis data ROM based on the musical tone generation data supplied from the CPU (603).
(606) takes in predetermined waveform sample data and transition data, performs waveform generation processing, and generates a musical sound waveform.
Electroacoustic transducer (609) via filter (608)
generate musical sounds.

Next, various types of data supplied to the musical tone generator <607)K will be explained.

Table 4 shows the I10 port address and the contents of various data. The I10 boat address is displayed in hexadecimal.

Data Cσ corresponding to I10 boat addresses (Oo) 15 to (07) 16 and musical tone generation data can generate eight channels, that is, eight tones. I10 port address (08)1. s is attenuation data that specifies the attenuation characteristic of the envelope signal explained in FIG. The I/O port address (09)+6 is attack system data, which is specified by the attack speed system switch on the operation panel, as explained in FIG. This specifies the conversion of the increment α, that is, the conversion of the number of repetitions until the transition to the next waveform data.

Tables 4 and 6 show the composition of the musical tone generation data. Bit positions Do to D3 are note clock designation data that designates the scale frequency. Bit positions D4 to D6 are waveform sample number designation data that designates the generated sound range. Bit position D
7 is the key on/off associated with the on/off operation of the key switch.
When the signal is off, R["o" is off, and when it is on, it is +1111.

Table 6 shows the code contents of the waveform sample number designation data SDo to SD2 and the number of samples in one cycle of the waveform designated by the code. The waveform sample number specification data sD is (ooO
)2 to (111)2, the number of waveform samples can be specified for 8 types, and in this example, If, 51
2 to 4 samples are specified.

Table 7 shows the relationship between the contents of the chord represented by the note clock designation data NDo to NDB and the designated scale designated by the code.

Table 8 shows the structure of the attack control data. The attack control data is 8 bits, but the lower 3 bits) (n
o = Dz).

Also, only one bit of the lower three bits is always "1". In other words, the attack control data is (100)
2. It is composed of three types of codes: (010)2 and (001)2.

Table 9 shows the contents of each code of the attack control data, the state of the attack speed control switch to which the code corresponds, and the conversion of the increment α specified by the code.

Table 5 Table 6 Table 7 Table 8 FIG. 7 is a configuration diagram of the musical tone generator (607).

In Figure 7, (701) is the main oscillator% (702)
(703) is an input register unit that latches various data supplied from the CPU (603), (704) is a timer, and (705) is a comparison register unit. , (706) is a frequency data processor (hereinafter abbreviated as FDP) that generates frequency data corresponding to the frequency to be generated, (707)
is a waveform data processor (hereinafter referred to as WD) that generates musical sound waveforms.
(abbreviated as P), (708) is a musical tone synthesis data ROM (6
Data read processor (hereinafter abbreviated as DRP) that reads waveform sample data, control data, etc. from 06)
% (709) is a read pulse forming unit that generates a pulse signal with a predetermined pulse width, and (710) is a WDP (707).
), a calculation request flag generation unit that requests arithmetic processing to the DRP (708), etc., (711) a digital/analog converter (hereinafter abbreviated as DAC) that converts the U digital signal to an analog signal, and (712) per channel. An analog buffer memory section (713) consisting of two analog switches and one capacitor and holding an analog signal is an integrator.

In the above configuration, the timer (704), the comparison register section ('yo5), the FDP (yoe), and the calculation request flag generation section (710) constitute a note clock generation section that determines the tone to be sounded, and the DRP (708) Synthetic data RO
The WDP (707) constitutes a data reading section that reads predetermined data from the M (606), and the WDP (707) constitutes a waveform calculation section that processes the read data to form musical tones.
711), an analog buffer memory section (712), and an integrator (713) ij constitute a conversion section that converts the digital signal of the calculation result into an analog signal.

Input register section (yo3), comparison register section ffoes
).

FDP (706), WDP (707), DRP
(708) The calculation request flag generating section (710) has a procedure determined by the sequencer (702).

Note that the operation of the note clock generator is the same as that described in Japanese Patent Application No. 57-231482, ``Music Sound Generator''.

When musical tone generation data is supplied from the CPU (eoa) to a predetermined channel, for example, channel 1, the sequencer (702
) at the predetermined timing determined by the input register section (7).
03) to FDP (706), W D P (7Q7
), and supplies musical tone generation data to the DRP (708). Then, in the DRP (708), waveform sample data and peak data are read from the musical tone synthesis data ROM (606). Then, f (Xi, n
) is supplied as data WDI and s f (Xi+1.n) is supplied as data WDI to WDP (707). moreover.

The numerator term of the interpolation coefficient shown in equation (2) based on the read control data is supplied to the WDP (707) as data MLP. Furthermore, when the final waveform data is reached, a WKF signal indicating the final waveform data is supplied to the WDP (707).

The WDP (707) uses the data, WDI, WDI, and MLP supplied from the DRP (70B) to perform waveform calculation processing according to equation (2), and supplies the data to the DAC (711). That's right, DACj (711) It smells, WD P (7
Converts the digital signal supplied from 07) into an analog signal.

It is supplied as an analog signal to the analog buffer memory section (712), and charge is stored in the capacitor corresponding to channel 1.

On the other hand, in the FDP (706), the input register section (703
) is generated based on the musical tone generation data supplied from the register section (705), and is supplied to the register corresponding to channel 1 of the comparison register section (705). And compare register (7
05) and the time data supplied from the timer (704), and if a match is detected, a 9 match pulse is read out and the pulse forming unit (709)
and is supplied to the calculation request flag generating section (710).

Then, the read pulse forming section (709) generates a read signal with a predetermined pulse width and supplies it to the analog buffer memory section (712). The charge stored in the capacitor corresponding to channel 1 in the analog buffer memory section (712) is transferred to the integrator (713) by the read signal.
flows into.

The calculation request flag generation unit (710) generates the next waveform sample, that is, the virtual sample point f (Xi, m, n++
) Generates and maintains a calculation request flag to set the calculation request flag.

Thereafter, when the processing timing reaches channel 1 again, since the calculation request flag has been generated, the same processing as described above is performed and charge is stored in the capacitor in the analog buffer memory section (712). Thereafter, waveform calculation processing is performed in response to the calculation request flag to generate a musical sound waveform.

Furthermore, the charge stored in the capacitor is f (Xi, m, n
−1) and the waveform sample value f (Xi, m, n
). Then, the waveform sample value f (Xi, m, n) obtained this time by the integrator (713)
will be restored. Analog buffer memory section (
The operations around the integrator (712) and the integrator (713) are described in Japanese Patent Application Sho TS-R-126413 "Waveform Reading Device".

Description of processing contents of data, read, processor DFIP (708) There are four types of processing as processing of DRP (708').

(1) Initial processing (11) Attack section waveform generation processing (iiD Stationary section waveform generation section waveform generation processing 幡■ Stationary section hold section hold processing Fig. 8 shows a flowchart of the processing. First, the symbols will be explained.

D (8D, ND) is musical tone generation data (ND, SD) supplied from the input register section (03).

M (ROM) ij, musical tone synthesis data ROM (eoe
).

R (TAD) is a register that stores start address data.

R (ODL) is a register that stores control data length data.

R (ATICN) is a register that stores attack section final waveform number data.

R(n) is a register that stores a waveform sample number.

R(i) is a register that stores a waveform number.

R(MLP) is a register that stores the interpolation coefficient (Nm+n)α.

OF(MLP) is a carry flag that indicates whether or not there is a carry as a result of updating the interpolation coefficient, and when a carry is carried out, it becomes CF(MLP) −'“1”.

R(WDI) is a register that stores waveform sample f(Xi, n).

R(WDl[) is the waveform sample f (Xi++ , n
) is a register that stores.

R (REP) is a register that stores transition data.

5D(i) is data obtained by left-shifting the waveform number i according to the number of waveform samples SD.
-16; In the case of (2) sample, the data is obtained by performing a 4 bit shift to the left.

D(α) is an increment value α based on the transition data RIP.

SD(α) is a value obtained by shifting D(α) by one bit to the left, or by shifting it by one bit to the right, based on the attack control data.

D (SD) is the number of waveform samples.

WICF is a flag indicating final waveform data.

The final waveform is wgy-"i".

In addition, various registers R(x)Qj, DRP (70
8) It is located inside.

In this embodiment, musical tone synthesis data (NI) is used.

S D ) ('7 bits), which has start address data corresponding to the musical tone synthesis ROM (606).
The first address data area of is 2'=128 words.

Next, each part of the processing flowchart shown in FIG. 8 will be explained.

■ Prior to musical tone generation, initial settings are made.
The start address data corresponding to the musical tone generation data D (SD, ND) supplied from the input register section (703) is stored in a musical tone synthesis data ROM (hereinafter abbreviated as data ROM) (
606).

Store in register R (TAD) (D (SD, ND) →
M (FIOM), M (ROM) → R (TAD)). and.

control data length data DCL corresponding to the start address;
Attack section final waveform number datum TlCN2 read each register R (DCL).

R(ATKN) IC storage-jru'(R(TAD) →M
(ROM).

M (ROM) → R (DCL), R (TΣN)).

moreover.

Waveform sample number n, waveform number l, interpolation coefficient MLP
, carry flag CF (MLP), waveform sample f
Initial settings of (Xi, n), f (Xi++, n) 10 → R(n), R(i), R(MLP), OF
(MLP).

R(WDI), R(WDI)).

■ Reading the transition data corresponding to waveform number i (R
(TAD)+R(i)-M→M(ROM), M(FtO
M), R(REP)), interpolation coefficient MLP, and carry flag OF (MLP) initial settings 10 → R(M
LP).

OF(MLP)) and waveform sample f (Xi, o
) reading (R(TAD)+R(ODE, )+5
D(i)+R(n)(0)->R(WDI)).

■ Waveform sample f (Xi, n) + f (Xi+
+, n) and interpolation coefficient MLP to WDP (707) (
R (WD I).

R (WD ■), R (MLP) → wnp].

Update the sample number (R(n)+1→R(n)).

Read the waveform sample number (R (TAD) + R (C
DL)+5D(i)+R(n) →M(ROM), M(
ROM)→R(WDl), R(WDII)). Waveform sample address (R(TAD)+R(CD) calculated at the same time
L)+S D(i)+R(n)) in the register (WD
A).

■ This is used to check the presence or absence of the final waveform, register R (
If the transition data RIP stored in REP) is (halo), it indicates the final waveform, and proceed to , and if REP\A) 16, a branch judgment is made to proceed to the next process (2).

■ Read f(Xi++, n). (R(W
Calculate the address using DA)+D(SD)→M(ROM)).

Read data (M (ROM) → R (WDII):)
.

■ This is to check whether it is an attack section, and if it is an attack section (R(i)<R(MUTEN)), proceed to ■ and outside the attack section (R(i)≧R(ATEN):)
If so, a branch judgment is made to proceed to ■.

■ Executed in the attack section (R(i)<R(ATEN)). Update the interpolation coefficient MLP (R(MLP)
+SD(α)→R(MLP),') but %SD
If (α) is a 1-bit shift to the left of D(α), then D(α
) is updated at twice the speed, and in the case of a 1-bit shift to the right, it is updated at 1/2 the speed.

5D(a) is one bit to the left of D(α),
Whether the focus is shifted by one point to the right or the data remains as is without shifting depends on the designation of the attack bacteriostatic data.

■ Executed outside the attack section (R(i)≧R(ATEN)). Update of interpolation coefficient MLP (R(MLP)+D
(α)→R(MLP)).

■ Checks whether the waveform data used has been updated.
If the flag CF (MLP) is "1", the waveform number is updated and the process proceeds to process (2). Further, if OF(MLP)\゛ is found, the update is not performed and a branch judgment is made to proceed to process (2).

O waveform number i update process (R(i)+1−+R(i
)].

Next, using the processing flowchart in FIG.
The processing will be explained.

(1) Initial processing key on/off signal KD changes from off (“0”) to on (
When the value changes to "1"), processing (2) is executed to perform initial settings for generating a musical tone corresponding to the key press switch.

(11) Attack section waveform generation processing After the initial processing is completed, the waveform of the attack section shown in (3) in Fig. 1 is generated from the calculation request flag and predetermined calculation timing. , ■, ■
,■,■,■→■,■.

The processing is sequentially performed in accordance with the calculation request flag and the calculation timing in the order of ■, ■, ■, ■→■, . . . until the final waveform W5 of the attack section is reached. When updating the waveform used,
Processes [phase] and (2) are executed to update the transition data RIP and waveform number i. In other cases, ■, ■, ■
, ■, ■, sequentially waveform samples f (Xi, n)
; f (Xi+1.n).

f (Xi, n++) i f (Xi+1.n++
l −−+ f (Xi, x−+) if (Xi+
+, ++-+ L...SD(
α) is used to update the interpolation coefficient MLP.

Number of repetitions of processing ■, ■, ■, ■, ■, ■ CRPff
, , If SD(α) is a 1-bit shift to the left of D(α), CRP2M(i)XSD÷2-1° If SD(α) is a 1-bit shift to the right of D(α).

CRP2M(i)XS D X2-1.

When SD(α) is the same data as D(α).

CRP=M(i)×5D-1 It is.

M (i) is the number of repetitions based on the transition data RIP. (See Table 1) SD is the number of waveform samples (SD = 4.8°...
..., 512).

(Song Steady part waveform generation section waveform generation processing After the attack section waveform generation processing is completed, the steady part waveform generation section shown in Fig. 1 (3) is generated. Processing ■, ■, ■, ■
,■,■,■→■,■,■,■,■,■→■,・・・
. . . The processing is sequentially performed according to the calculation request flag and the calculation timing, and the process progresses to the final waveform W9. When updating the waveform used, execute processing @ and ■, and update the transition data REP.
and updates the waveform number i.

In other cases, execute ■, ■, ■, ■, ■ and sequentially sample the waveform f(Xi, n) if (Xi+1.n), f(
Xi, n+1) if (Xi++, n++), +++++
++ l f(Xi, *-+); f(Xi++, t+)
At the same time as reading s-', the interpolation coefficient MLP is updated. In the steady waveform generation section waveform generation process.

The interpolation coefficient MLP is updated using D(α).

2. Steady state hold section Hold processing When the waveform generation section reaches the final waveform, hold processing is executed and the final waveform is repeatedly read out to generate a musical tone.

In process (2), when it is confirmed that WEF, , = 1 and the waveform has progressed to the final waveform, process (2) is repeatedly executed according to a predetermined timing.

The data stored in R(WDI) and the data stored in R(WDI) are the same, and R(MLP) becomes (2). In other words, the final waveform is read out repeatedly.

Then, the key on/off signal turns off again (=T o'
When it changes from (1+) to ('1''), the process returns to process (2) and executes the above-described initial process→attack section waveform generation process constant constant waveform generation section waveform generation process→hold process.

Note that even if the key-on/off signal KD becomes off-color during initial processing, attack section waveform generation processing, steady-state waveform generation section waveform generation processing, or hold processing,
The process is interrupted at a predetermined timing and executed again from the initial process.

In the above description, musical tones are generated by hold processing after the waveform generation section ends, but loop processing may also be performed.

Loop processing means that when the waveform generation process reaches the final waveform W9 (3) in FIG. The fluctuation of musical tones can be generated forever.

Waveform sample number n, interpolation coefficient MLP, waveform number i
The transition relationship is shown below.

(Number of waveform samples S D = 4, transition data RE P
attack section final waveform number person TIE: N = 1゜ attack side switch... in case of quick)
n MLP i o o 0 1 16384 0 232768 0 3 49152 0 0 65536 (=O) 1 1 8192 1 2 16384 1 3 24576 1 0 32768 1 1 40960 1 2 2 '? Description of the processing contents of the waveform data processor WDP (707) There are four types of arithmetic processing as the processing of the WDP (707).

■ Perform waveform interpolation processing to virtual waveform sample values Find f (Xi, m, n).

■ Multiply the virtual waveform sample value f (Xi, m, n) by the envelope signal ED ((2) in Figure 1),
Envelope added waveform sample value f (Xi, m, n,
q, r).

■ The envelope added waveform sample value f (
Xi, m, n-+, q, r-+) and the envelope-added waveform sample value f (Xi, m, n, q,
r), and the difference waveform sample value Df
Find (Xi, m, n, q, r).

■ Update the envelope signal ED.

The envelope signal ED and the envelope addition method will be explained.

The envelope signal HD is composed of 2o bits. The upper 4 bits are KDU (Q), and the lower 16 bits are EDL (
R).

The method for updating the envelope signal KD is the new zn-old ED+
An arithmetic process called ΔED is performed.

The incremental envelope data ΔED uses attenuation data supplied from the CPU (603) to the input register section (703).

, the calculation formula for calculating the envelope added waveform sample value is shown below.

......(3) q-0,1,2,...-,Q-1(Q=2;EDU
) r=o, 1.2.・-・・-, R-1 (R=216;
EDL) Envelope data KDi monotonically increasing ie.

By setting new ED - old HD + ΔKD (constant) and executing equation (3), an exponential characteristic attenuation envelope can be added.

Note that when the key on/off signal KI) is in the 1'' (on state), the envelope signal ED=) 1° (K D
U=(C11o, 'K D L −(o)to
) 'ft setting, key on/off signal KD is Ito'
(off state), the above-mentioned envelope signal KD
Update processing is performed.

As a result, when the key is turned on, virtually no

becomes.

Then, when the key is turned off, equation (3) is executed to obtain the envelope added waveform sample value.

Also, the update of the envelope signal KD progresses.

EDU-(1111)2, the envelope added waveform sample value f (Xi, m, n, q, r) = (O
llo and prohibits update processing of the envelope signal KD. As a result, the generation of musical sound waveforms ends.

FIG. 9 shows a flowchart of the arithmetic processing of (1) to (2) described above.

At point C in FIG. 9, the virtual sample value f (
Xi, m, n) can be calculated.

At point G, envelope-added waveform sample values f (Xi, m, n, q, r) corresponding to process (2) can be calculated.

Difference waveform sample value Df (X
i, m, 11. q, r ) can be calculated.

As for the waveform data stored in the musical tone synthesis data ROM (eoe), natural musical tones are analyzed, harmonic orders, temporal changes in amplitude for each harmonic, changes in phase, etc. are extracted, and harmonic orders are limited. For example, musical sound waveforms are formed by performing the following steps on the phase side and -, or are selectively extracted from musical tones that limit the harmonic components contained in natural musical tones. Furthermore, instead of using natural musical sounds, they were synthesized artificially.

Some are used as waveform data. For example, there are devices that input harmonic orders, amplitude levels, phase data, etc., and synthesize waveforms based on the input data.

Further, although the musical tone synthesis data ROM (eoe) is a read-only memory, it may be configured as a readable/writable RAM.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION As described in detail, the electronic musical instrument of the present invention includes a part of the memory that stores data of one tone and control data used when generating musical tones using the data, and a part of the memory that is controlled by the part of the memory. The data is read, and based on the read control data, corresponding tone data is read from the part of the memory. a data reading section; and a calculation section that generates a combination sound signal using tone color data corresponding to the upper E control data based on the control data.

the control data forms time information for which the corresponding read tone data is used to generate a synthesized musical tone signal;
It is configured to generate musical tones that change over time, is provided with an external operating section, and has a detection means for detecting the operation of the operating section, detecting the operation of the operating section,
By converting the above time information based on that information,
The speed of the change in the generated musical tone is variable, and the range of change in which the speed of the change in the generated musical tone is variable by operation is set in advance, and outside the set range, This is to standardize the transition speed of changes set in advance, and the length of the section in which a waveform is generated using waveform data Wo to waveform data W5, which is the rising part of a musical tone, can be controlled by operating the attack control switch. This allows the performer to change it.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of the musical tone generation method of the present invention, and the second column is a configuration diagram showing an example of a musical tone synthesis data memory. FIG. Y'3 and FIG. 4 are explanatory diagrams of waveform interpolation processing, and FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of waveform interpolation processing in time information conversion. Figure 6 is a block diagram of the electronic musical instrument of the present invention, Figure 7 is a configuration diagram of the musical tone generator (607), and Figure 8 is the DRP (70B).
FIG. 9 is a processing flowchart of the WDP (707). (601)...Keyboard, (602) Old...Operation unit% (603)...Central processing unit, (604)
...RAM% (6Q5) ...RO
M% (606)... Musical tone synthesis data ROM. (607)...Musical sound generating section% (7C)1)...
...Main oscillator, (702) ...Sequencer% (703) ...Input register u, (704
)... Timer, (Complete O5)... Comparison register section, (706)... Frequency data processor, (707)... Waveform data processor %
(70B)...Data read processor,
(7Q9)...Read pulse forming part% (7
10)...Calculation request flag generation section, (Complete 11)
...DAC% (712) ...Analog buffer memory section, (713) ...Integrator. Name of agent: Patent attorney Toshio Nakao and 1 other person
To +' ku1 -c'Jc':'3 2. -ノ 0 Ward Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 (C1, 1 m-a m-1m=2 rnJ Figure 5 4th row) π) Del#,, N=2.56 n min'J d=128

Claims (1)

[Claims] (1) A part of the memory that stores timbre data and control data used when generating musical tones using the data;
a data reading unit that reads control data from the part of the memory and reads corresponding timbre data from the part of the memory based on the read control data; a calculation unit that generates a synthesized musical tone signal using the timbre data read, and the control data forms time information by which the corresponding read timbre data is used to generate the synthesized musical tone signal. , is configured to generate musical tones that change over time, is provided with an external operating section, and has a detection means for detecting the operation of the operating section, and detects the operation of the operating section and collects the information. An electronic musical instrument characterized in that the speed of change in the generated musical tone is made variable by converting the time information based on the above. @) The range of change in which the speed of change of the generated musical tones can be varied by operation is set in advance, and outside the set range, the speed of change will be unified to the preset speed of change. An electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: