JPS59220797A - Electronic musical instrument - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electronic musical instrument, and more particularly to an electronic musical instrument capable of generating musical sounds close to natural musical instrument sounds.

Structures of conventional examples and their problems Conventionally, to simulate natural musical instrument sounds, there have been methods that used a sine wave synthesis method, methods that used a frequency modulation method, and methods that used a subtraction method (mainly analog processing, VCO.

(VCF, VCA, etc.), or a waveform readout method (one cycle of natural instrument sound is cut out in advance and stored in memory, and one cycle of the waveform stored in memory is repeatedly read out). However, when trying to simulate more vivid natural musical instrument sounds, the circuit size becomes large, making it difficult to realize, and due to the limitations of the method. It had some problems.

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide an electronic musical instrument capable of simulating more vivid natural musical instrument sounds with a simple configuration.

Structure of the Invention The electronic musical instrument of the present invention includes a data memory section that stores a plurality of pieces of waveform data and control data used when generating composite wave engraving using the waveform data, and a data memory section that stores the control data used in generating composite wave engraving using the waveform data; A data reading section that reads waveform data based on control data, a waveform calculation section that generates a composite waveform using the data read by the data reading section, and an envelope generation section that generates an attenuated envelope signal in response to key switch operation. and a multiplication section that fully multiplies the composite waveform generated by the waveform calculation section and the attenuated envelope signal generated by the envelope generation section, and sequentially uses and synthesizes the waveform data stored in the data memory according to the control data. A waveform is generated and the synthesized waveform is multiplied by the attenuated envelope signal to generate an attenuated musical sound waveform, thereby approximating an attenuated musical sound such as a piano or a harpsichord.

Furthermore, a data memory section stores a plurality of pieces of waveform data and control data used when generating a composite waveform using the waveform data, and a data memory section that reads the control data in the data memory section and generates waveform data based on the control data. a data reading section that reads data; a waveform calculation section that generates a composite waveform using the data read by the data reading section; and an envelope that generates an attenuation envelope signal in response to the operation of the key switch and controls the attenuation characteristic using the control data. a generator, and a multiplier that multiplies the composite waveform generated by the waveform calculation unit and the attenuated envelope signal generated by the envelope generator, and multiplies the composite waveform by the attenuated envelope signal to perform synthesis. This method generates attenuated musical sound waveforms having different attenuation characteristics depending on the waveform data used to generate the waveforms.

Furthermore, a data memory section stores a plurality of sets of composite data, each set including a plurality of sets of waveform data and control data used when generating composite wave engraving using the waveform data, and a data memory section that stores the control data and waveforms in the data memory section. a data reading section that reads the data; a waveform calculation section that generates a composite waveform using the data read by the data reading section 9; and a multiplier that multiplies the synthesized waveform and the attenuated envelope signal based on the control data, and the multiplier includes an envelope generator that controls the synthesized waveform and the attenuated envelope signal based on the control data. This generates attenuated musical sound waveforms having different attenuation characteristics.

Description of examples An embodiment of the present invention will be described below based on the drawings.

First, the musical tone generation method of the present invention will be explained with reference to FIG.

When the key on/off signal ((1) in Fig. 1) accompanying the key press (on) and key release (off) of the key switch turns on, the waveform data 5 to W9 stored in the data memory are Based on the waveform data W1, all waveform interpolation processing is performed using the waveform data and the waveform data W1.
A virtual waveform existing between the two waveform data W1 is obtained and the waveform data is sequentially shifted to the waveform data W1. Thereafter, in the same manner, waveform data W to waveform data W2 . . . . A composite waveform is generated by sequentially performing waveform interpolation processing from the song and waveform data w8 to waveform data W9 ((3)-interpolated waveform section in FIG. 1).

Then, when the waveform data W9 (final waveform) is reached, the waveform data W9e<v is returned and read 2.9 A composite waveform is generated ((3) - old waveform section in Figure 1) On the other hand, the key on/off signal changes from off to When turned on, a damped envelope signal ((2) in Figure 1) is generated, and the above-mentioned composite waveform is converted into a damped envelope, multiplied by the signal, and a damped musical sound waveform (-(4) in Figure 1) is generated. ) occurs.

Next, the contents of the data stored in the data memory will be explained.

FIG. 2 shows an example of a data memory.

The musical tone synthesis data is composed of synthesis data including control data and waveform data as a set, and head address data.

The start address data is data indicating the start address of each composite data.

The control data is the data length (CDL) that indicates the address length of the data stored in the control data area, the attenuation data (KDD) that specifies the attenuation characteristics, and the transition used when generating a composite waveform using the waveform data. It consists of data. Transition data is provided for each piece of waveform data. In addition, in the example of FIG. 2, the data CDL is CDL=(
11). It becomes.

The waveform data consists of multiple sheets of one cycle of the musical sound waveform (in Figure 2, one
0 sheets).

The multiple sets of composite data include, for example, different composite data for each octave, or different composite data for each timbre, depending on the position of the key switch.

Next, waveform interpolation processing will be explained.

Figure 3 shows waveform data (i
) and waveform data (i+1) are shown.

As a waveform interpolation method, from waveform data position (i) to (i
+1): (i:0,1.2,...
・ , I −1 n is repeated iM times for one cycle of the musical sound waveform, and the waveform samples f(Xi, n) and f (
The virtual sample f△(
Xi, m, n) f interpolation calculation is used to virtually calculate waveform sample values at virtual sample points to obtain approximate values. The interpolation formula is shown below.

fA(Xi, m, n)=f(Xi, n)+ge(Xi
+1. n ) - f (Xi, n month x Jin ・
(1) i represents the number of the waveform stored in the data memory.

(i=o, 1.2.-=-.-, Il-1) represents a position in the middle of a transition between waveform numbers i and i+1 M times.

(m=o, 1, 2, --------, M-1
)n represents a waveform sample number at a sample position obtained by dividing one cycle of the musical sound waveform by iN.

(m=o, 1, 2, --..., N-1) 4th
Figure (a) shows an example of interpolation using equation (1). As can be seen from the figure, discontinuities occur at the joints of the waveforms.

If the level difference between these discontinuous points is large, it may cause an auditory problem as an unnecessary noise component. Therefore, in this embodiment, a correction term is added to equation (1) to prevent the occurrence of discontinuous points as shown in FIG. 4(b). An interpolation formula obtained by adding a correction term to formula (2) is shown below.

fA(Xi 1mIn)=f(Xi 1m)++7(X
i+1, n) -fcXi, n) 1 Next, the transition data shown in FIG. 2 will be explained.

The following method is used to simplify the calculation of .

(2) In equation (2), the increment value of the Nm + n term was 1, but the increment value of the molecular ring of the interpolation coefficient is set to α.

Ru.

■ MNα term is fixed as 216.

As a result, the interpolation coefficient becomes (Nm+n)α/2,
For the 1/216th term, just perform a fixed right shift operation (there is no need to find and divide the MN term, making it easier to calculate the interpolation coefficient.Table 1 shows the transition data and increment value α,
The relationship between the number of samples in one waveform cycle and the number of waveform transitions is shown.

(Left below) The transition data is Fl. In the case of , it is the final waveform flag (signal WEF) indicating the final waveform, and the waveform number i'
This is used to instruct loop processing as ki-data RTWN. In the example of FIG. 2, "16" is stored in transition data 9.

Next, the generation of pitch will be explained.

For determining the scale, a note clock signal corresponding to a 12-tone scale is generated. Regarding octave relationships, pitches related to octaves are generated by changing the number of samples in one cycle of the musical waveform of the waveform data stored in the musical tone synthesis data memory.

For example, if one cycle of the musical waveform corresponding to the C0 note (32703Hz) is 512 samples, the scale clock signal is 32703Hz x 512-4 = 16.741 (lz
becomes.

Table 2 shows the frequency of the scale clock signal, and Table 3 shows the number of waveform samples and the octave relationship.

(Margin below) Table 2 fMcy, = aoo096111h Table 3 Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of the electronic musical instrument of the present invention. 50
1 is a keyboard section (KB), 502 is an operation section (TAB) consisting of a tone tablet switch, a vibrato effect on/off switch, a glide effect on/off switch, etc.
), 603 is a central processing unit (CPU) similar to that used in computers, and 504 is a read/write storage device (random access memory with RA
505 is a read-only storage device (read-only memory, called ROM) in which a program that determines the operation of the CPU 503 is stored, and 506 is waveform sample data for synthesizing the musical tones shown in FIG. This is a ROM that stores all control data for waveform generation and waveform generation. Reference numeral 507 designates a musical tone generator that generates musical tones using waveform sample data and control data stored in the ROM 506, 6o8 a filter that removes sampling noise, and 6o9 an electroacoustic transducer.

Keyboard section 501, operation section 502, CPU 503, RA
M504, ROM 505.606, musical tone generator 60
Finally, the data bus, address bus and control lines are connected. The method of connecting data buses, address buses, and control lines in this manner is a well-known method for configuring minicomputers. Eight to 16 data buses are used, and data is transmitted and received not in one direction but in multiple directions in a time-division manner on these path lines. There are also multiple address buses, for example 16.
Normally, the CPU 503 outputs the address code, and other parts receive and receive the address code.

The control line is usually the memory request line (MRED
), Ilo request line (IORQ), read line (RD), write line (WR), etc. are used.

MREQ indicates reading and writing memory, l0RQ
indicates that the contents of the input/output device (Ilo) are taken out, RD indicates the timing of reading data from the memory or Ilo, and WR indicates the timing of writing data to the memory or Ilo. Microprocessor Z manufactured by Zilog is an example of a microprocessor that uses such a control line.
8o can be given.

Next, the operation of the electronic musical instrument shown in FIG. 6 will be described.

The keyboard section 601 is configured to be able to divide a plurality of key switches into a plurality of groups and send the on/off states of the key switches in the group to the data bus all at once. For example 6
In the case of a one-key keyboard, each six keys (half an octave) is -10.
It is divided into 11 groups, 1 group and 1 group of 1 key, and one address code is assigned to each group. An address code indicating one of the above groups arrives on the address line, and a signal l0RQ
When the signal RD is applied, the keyboard section 601 decodes the address code and outputs 6-bit 4ft to 1-bit data indicating on/off of the key switch in the corresponding group to the data bus. These can be configured using decoders, bus drivers and some gated circuit sounds. Of the operation unit 502, the tablet switch can have the same configuration as the keyboard unit 601.

The CPU 1503 reads the instruction code from the address of the ROM 505 that corresponds to the code of the internal program counter, decodes it completely, performs arithmetic operations, logical operations, reads and writes data, and jumps instructions by changing the contents of the program counter. Perform tasks such as

The procedures for these operations are written in HOME)06. First, the CPU 503 is connected to the ROM 506 and the keyboard section 601.
The keyboard section 60 reads the command to import the data.
Codes indicating the on/off status of the six keys No. 1 are imported for each group. Then, the pressed key code is assigned to a finite channel of the musical tone generator 507, and musical tone generation data corresponding to the key code is sent out.

Next, the CPo 503 sequentially reads a group of instructions from the ROM 505 for importing data from the operation unit 602, and
These are decoded and the corresponding address code and control signals l0RQ and RD are output to the operation section 502, and a code representing the state of the switch of the operation section 602 is outputted to the data bus, and the code is read into the CPU 603. CPU 5
Based on the data read into the 03, tone selection and predetermined effect control data are performed, tone selection data is stored in the ROM 506, and effect control data is stored in the musical tone generator 607. Send. Note that the key code being pressed is transmitted to the musical tone generator 5.
The method of assigning to the finite number of channels 07 itself is known as the generator assigner function.

Based on the musical sound generation data supplied from the CPU 503, the musical sound generation section 607 takes in predetermined waveform sample data and transition data from the musical sound synthesis data ROM 506, performs waveform generation processing, and generates a musical sound waveform.
A musical tone is generated from the electroacoustic transducer 609 via the 8i.

Next, various types of data provided to the musical tone generating section 607 will be explained.

Table 4 shows the Ilo port address and the contents of various data. The Ilo port address is displayed in hexadecimal. 110 Port address (Oo) 16 to (07
), 6 is musical tone generation data that can be generated for 8 channels, that is, for 8 tones.

(Left space below) Tables 4 and 5 show the composition of the musical tone generation data. Bit positions D0 to D3 are note clock designation data that designates the scale frequency. Bit positions D4 to D6 are data for specifying the number of waveform samples that specify the range of sound generated. Bit position D7 is a key on/off signal accompanying the on/off operation of the key switch, and is '0' when off and '1' when on.

Table 6 shows the code contents of the waveform sample number designation data SD0 to sD2 and the number of samples in one cycle of the waveform designated by the code. The waveform sample number specification data SD is (OOO
)2 to (111)2, eight types of waveform sample numbers can be specified, and in this example, 612
Samples up to 4 samples are specified.

Table 7 shows the mate clock designation data ND. ~ Immediately.

This shows the relationship between the contents of the chord represented by and the specified scale specified by the chord.

Table 6 Table 6 (blank below) Table 7 If we compare the CPU 503 to a predetermined channel, when musical tone generation data is supplied to channel 1, the sequencer 60
The input register section 60 at the predetermined timing determined in step 2.
3 to FDP eoe, WDP607, DRP608
The musical tone generation data is supplied to. Then, DRP
At 608, waveform sample data and control data are read from the musical tone synthesis data ROM 506. And (2
) data WDI, and f(Xt+1+n)t data WDI
It is supplied to the WDP 607 as I. Furthermore, the numerator term of the interpolation coefficient shown in equation (2) based on the read control data is supplied to the WDP 607 as data MLP.

The WDP 607 uses the data WDI, WDI+, and MLP supplied from the DRP 60B to perform the waveform calculation process of equation (2) to obtain a composite waveform, and also calculates an attenuation envelope based on the attenuation data (part of the control data). The signal is multiplied by the generated i/combined waveform and the attenuated "'°-7' signal, and the multiplication result is supplied to the 1DAc 611.

Then, the DAC 611 converts the digital signal supplied from the WDP 607 into an analog signal, supplies it to the analog buffer 7 memory section 612 as an analog signal, and stores charge in the capacitor corresponding to channel 1.

On the other hand, the FDP 606 generates frequency data based on the musical tone generation data supplied from the input register section 603 and supplies it to the register corresponding to channel 1 of the comparison register section 605. Then, the data supplied to the comparison register 606 and the time data supplied from the timer 604 are compared, and if a match is detected, some pulses are read out and supplied to the pulse forming section 609 and the calculation request flag generating section 610. do.

Then, the read pulse forming section 609 generates a read signal with a predetermined pulse width and supplies it to the analog backup memory section 612. Analog buffer memory section 612
The charge stored in the capacitor corresponding to channel 1 in the integrator 613 flows into the integrator 613 by the read signal.

The calculation request flag generating section 610 generates and holds a calculation request flag for obtaining the next waveform sample, that is, the virtual sample point l'(xt, m, . . . ).

Then, when the processing timing reaches channel 1 again, the calculation request flag has been generated, so the same processing as described above is performed, and the charge is stored in the capacitor in the analog (rough memory section 612). Then, waveform calculation processing is performed to generate musical sound waveforms.

Note that the charge stored in the capacitor is I(Xi, m.

-4) and the waveform sample obtained this time... value 1" (Xi
, m, ·). And the integrator 613
The waveform sample value f△(Xi, m, n
) will be restored. Regarding the operation around the analog buffer memory section 612 and the integrator 613,
7-1264131 Waveform Reading Device”.

Description of processing contents of data read processor DRP6os There are three types of processing of DRP eos.

(1) Initial processing (11) Interpolated waveform generation processing (ii+) Hold waveform generation processing FIG. 7 shows a flowchart of the processing. First, let's explain the symbols.

D (SD, ND,) is musical tone generation data (ND, SD) supplied from the input register section 603.

M (ROM) is a musical tone synthesis data ROM 506.

R ('!'AD) is a register that stores start address data.

R(, CDL) is a register that stores the data length.

R(EDD) is a register that stores attenuation data.

R(n) is a register that stores waveform samples.

R(i) is a register that stores a waveform number.

R(WDI) is a register that stores waveform samples f(Xi, n)f.

R(WDII) is a register that stores all waveform samples f(xi+1.n).

R(MLP) is the interpolation coefficient MLP((Nm+n)α)f
This is a register to store data.

CF (MLP) is a carry flag that indicates whether or not there is a carry as a result of the interpolation coefficient updating process, and when carry is carried out, it becomes CF (MLP) - "1°".

R (REP) is a register that stores transition data RFP.

3D(i) is waveform number i'f: number of waveform samples SD
This is data that has been shifted left according to
5D=16; (2) In the case of a sample, the data is shifted 4 bits to the left.

D(a) is the increment value α based on the transition data REP
It is.

D (SD) is the number of waveform samples.

R (WDA) is a register that stores a waveform sample read address.

WEF is a flag indicating the final waveform data, and if it is the final waveform, WEF="1'".

Note that the various registers R(x) described above are provided within the DRP 608.

In addition, in this embodiment, musical tone synthesis data (ND, SD) [
The starting address data area of the musical tone synthesis ROM 506 has 2128 words.

Next, each part of the processing flowchart shown in FIG. 7 will be explained.

■ Prior to musical tone generation, initial settings are made.
The start address data for the musical tone generation data D (SD, ND) supplied from the input register section 603 is stored in a musical tone synthesis data ROM (hereinafter abbreviated as data ROM) 6.
Read from Q6 and store in register R (TAD) [
:D(SD,,ND-+M(ROM),M(ROM)→
R (TAD).Then, read the data length CDL and attenuation data EDD corresponding to the start address and write each register R.
(DCL), store in R(EDD) (:R(TAD-→M(ROM), M(ROM-+R(CI)L), R
(KDD)]. Sarani, waveform + 77' run number n, waveform number l, interpolation coefficient MLP, Kiya'J "7 lag C
F(MLP), waveform sample f(Xi.

”), initial setting of f(Xi+1, n) (: (0)
1°→R(n).

R(i), R(MLP), CF(MLP), R(WDI
), R(WDII)).

■ Waveform sample/l/ f(Xi, n), f(Xi
+1, n) and interpolation coefficient MLP to WDP607 (
R (WDI).

R(WDn), R(MLP)→WDP] Then, read the transition data RFP corresponding to the waveform number i, read the waveform sample f(Xi, n), and update the waveform sample number n (R(n )+1→R(n
)), and interpolation coefficient MLP and carry flag C
Initial setting of F(MLP) ((0)1o-)R(MLP)
, CF (MLP)).

To read the transition data REP, calculate the transition data address (R (TAD) + R (i) + 1) and supply it to the data ROM 506 [→R (ROM))j,, from the data ROM 506 transition data REP'ff: read register Store in R (REP) (M (ROM) → R (REP)
))do.

To read the waveform sample f(Xi, n), calculate the waveform sample address ['R(TAD)+R(CDL)+5
D(i)+R(n)) ff(act, data ROM
606 [→M (ROM) j,, data ROM
Read the waveform sample f(Xi, n) Th from 606 and store it in the register R (WDI) (M (ROM) →
R(WDI)).

■ Waveform samples f (Xi, n), f (Xi
+1. n) and interpolation coefficient MLP to WDP 607 (
R(WDI), R(WDI[), R(MLP)→W
DP] and the waveform sample f(Xi, n)
, reading f(Xi+1.n), updating the interpolation coefficient, and updating the waveform sample number n (R(n)+1
→R(n): ].

To read the waveform sample f (Xi, m), calculate the waveform sample address and supply it to the data ROM 506 as follows: 1:R(TAD)+R(CDC)+5D(i)+R(
n)-+M(ROM)) and register R(WD
A). Then, the waveform sample f(Xi, n)i is read from the data ROM 506.
) −+ R(WDI)).

To read the waveform sample f(Xi+1.n), calculate the waveform sample address [,R(WDA)+D
(SD) ) and supplies it to the data ROM 506, and from the data ROM 506 the waveform sample f (xi+1+n
)' in read register R (WDII). Note that the waveform sample address is the waveform sample f(Xi.

It can be calculated by adding the address obtained in step n) (stored in register R (WDA)) and the number of waveform samples SD.

To update the interpolation coefficient MLP, add the contents of the register R (MLP) and the increment value a (see Table 1) based on the transition data RFP stored in the register R (REP), and then write the addition result again. Register R (MLP
) stored in CR(ML P ) +D(α)→R(ML
P) ).

■ This is to check the presence or absence of the final waveform, p, register R (
The transition data REP stored in REP) is CF)16
If so, show the final waveform and execute the next process (2). REP~
(F) If it is 16, a branch judgment is made to skip the next process (2) and proceed to the process (2).

(2) This is executed in the case of final waveform data, and the data stored in register R (MLP) and carry flag CF (MLP) is always (O) 1°.

■ Checks whether the waveform data used has been updated.
If CF(MLP)="1'", the waveform number update process is completed and the process proceeds to process (2). Also, CF (MLP) + ++
If it is 1++, a branch judgment is made to proceed to process (2) without updating.

■ Update processing of waveform number i [R(i)+1→R(i)
).

Note that the interpolation coefficient MLP has a 16-bit configuration.

Number of waveform samples SD and waveform sample number n.

The transition relationship between the interpolation coefficient MLP and the waveform number l is shown below.

(When SD=4. Transition data REP=D) (Margin below) MLP iOo
.

1 8192 0 2 16384 0 3 24576 0 0 32768 0 1 40960 0 2 49152 0 3 57344 0 0 65636 (=O) 1 Next, using the processing flowchart in FIG.
The processing will be explained.

(i) Initial processing key on/off signal KD remains off. ') to 1°
°), process (2) is executed to perform initial settings for generating a musical tone corresponding to the key press switch.

(11) Interpolated waveform generation processing After the initial processing is completed, the waveforms of the interpolated waveform section shown in 3 in Fig. 1 are sequentially generated from the calculation request flag and predetermined calculation timing, and the processing ■→■, ■、■
→■、■.

■→・・・・・・→■,■,■→■,■,■,→■.

→■, ■, ■→■, ■, ■→... The processing is performed in sequence in accordance with the calculation request flag and the calculation timing, and the process progresses to the final waveform W91. When updating the waveform data to be used, processes (1) and (2) are executed to update the transition data RFP and the waveform number i. In other cases, execute process ■ and sequentially sample the waveform/lz f(Xi, n):f(Xi
+I In), f(xt ln+1): f(Xi+
1, n+1), - song・, f(Xi, N-1)
:f(Xi+1.N-1)I...River.Reads all of the data and updates the interpolation coefficient MLP.

In addition, the number of times CRP of repeated execution of process ① is CRP=M
(i) It becomes XSD-1.

M(i) is the number of repetitions based on the transition data REP, and SD is the waveform sample (SD=4.8...
..., 512).

(ItD, transition data REP stored in 1-hold waveform generation processing register R (REP)
When REP = (F)1e, the waveform of the hold waveform section shown in 3 in Fig. 1, that is, the final waveform data W9
i < occurs repeatedly, and processing ■→■, ■, ■,
■→■,■,■.

■→...→■, ■, ■, ■→... and so on are executed sequentially according to a predetermined timing.

Then, when the key-on/off signal KD changes again from off (10%) to on (1"), the process returns to process (2), and as described above, initial processing, interpolation waveform generation processing, and hold waveform generation processing are executed in sequence. , generate a composite waveform.

Note that if the key-on/off signal KD changes from off to on during initial processing, interpolation waveform generation processing, or hold waveform generation, the processing is interrupted at a predetermined timing and executed again from the initial processing.

Description of the processing contents of the waveform data processor WDP607 There are four types of arithmetic processing as the processing of the WDP607.

■ Perform waveform interpolation processing and convert to virtual waveform sample values.
, m, ·).

(2) Multiply the virtual waveform pull value 1 (Xi, m, .) by the tone envelope signal ED ((2) in FIG. 1) to obtain the envelope added waveform sample value f△(Xi,).

m, n, q, τ).

■ The envelope added waveform sample value f△(
Xi, m, ・-4, q, ・-4) and the one unit obtained this time.
A differential waveform sample value D7' (x ball, -1., q. . .) is obtained by performing a difference operation with the additional waveform sample value f.DELTA.(Xi, m, .+q+.n).

■ Update the envelope signal ED.

The envelope signal ED and the envelope adding method will be explained.

The envelope signal ED is composed of 20 bits. Upper 4 bits (6EDU(Q), lower 16 bits as EDL)
(R).

The method for updating the envelope signal ED is: new ED = old ED +
It is obtained by performing an arithmetic process called △ED.

Incremental envelope data △ED is data ROM5
The attenuation data read from 06 and stored in register R (KDD) in DRP eoa is used.

The formula for calculating the envelope-added waveform sample value is shown below.

fA(Xi, m, .) ・・・・・・(3) q=0,1
,2. ......,Q-1(Q=2,EDU)z=
o, 1, 2. ......, R-1 (R=:2 :E
DL) Envelope data EDltQL key increase, that is, new ED=old ED+ΔED (constant), and by executing equation (3), an exponential characteristic damping envelope can be added.

When the key-on/off signal KD is turned on from off, the envelope signal ED is initialized (EDU).

EDL=(0)1°] and thereafter update processing is performed at a predetermined timing.

Then, the update of the envelope signal KD progresses, and EDU,
=(1111)2, an envelope is added and update processing of the envelope signal KD is prohibited. As a result, generation of musical sound waveforms has ended.

FIG. 8 shows a flowchart of the arithmetic processing of (1) to (2) described above.

At point C in Fig. 8, the virtual sample value f△(
Xi, m, n) can be calculated.

At point G, the envelope added waveform S/pull value f△(Xi, m, n, q, r) corresponding to process (2) can be calculated.

At point H, the difference waveform sample value pf△(X
i, m, n, q, τ) can be calculated.

Next, the relationship between the waveform sample read by DRPeos and the virtual sample value fΔ(Xi, m, n) is shown below.

<Initial processing> WDI=(0)10 WDn=(0)1°MLP=(o)1°, fA(x' pm+ ”) = (O)10
becomes.

<Interpolated waveform generation section> WDI=f(Xi, n) WDI = f(Xi+1, n) ML P = (Nm+n) a Tona Bach (Xi + m + l"J ("+").

Note that the first sample A [, W
DI = f (Xi, o) WD II = f (Xi -1, N-1) MLP (
o) 1°, and ``Ha(Xi, m, n) = f(Xi,
n).

<Hold waveform generation section> WD I = f (XI - 1, n) wpn = unknown MLP = (0) 10, and fA (Xi, m, n) = f (XI - 1, n)
becomes.

In this way, the waveform change at the start of a musical tone is approximated by an interpolated waveform section, a relatively stable waveform is approximated by a hold waveform section in which one final waveform is repeatedly generated, and further,
By multiplying the synthesized waveform and the attenuated envelope signal, you can easily create vivid attenuated musical tones (for example,
It is possible to simulate piano sounds, ), - psuud sounds, etc.).

Furthermore, since each synthesized data in the musical tone synthesis data ROM 506 has attenuation data KDD'i that determines the attenuation characteristics of the attenuation envelope signal, the envelope characteristics are determined for each synthesized data, that is, for every 6 keys, every 6 keys, or every octave. This means that it is possible to control and simulate vivid natural musical sounds.

Furthermore, the waveform data W7. W8. By generating a synthesized waveform as a loop waveform section using W91, a musical tone with temporal timbre changes until the musical tone stops producing?
can occur.

The loop waveform section is defined by using waveform data W7 and W8 (
2) Execute the interpolation process of the equation to sequentially obtain virtual waveform samples and transition from waveform data W7 to W8. Thereafter, the waveform data W8 changes to W9 in the same manner as described above. When the waveform data W9 is reached, virtual samples are calculated again using the waveform data W7 and W8. By making the waveform data W7 and W9 the same waveform, a continuously connected loop waveform can be generated.

For loop control, the loop waveform leading number is stored in the control data area in the data ROM 506, and read from the data ROM es○6 during initial processing.
It is stored in the register R (RTWN) in the DRP 608 (a register that stores the loop waveform leading number).

When the final flag WEF becomes "1", loop control can be realized by transferring the contents of the register R (RTWN) to the waveform number register R(i).

Furthermore, one attenuation data was prepared for each composite data, but by preparing one for each waveform data, a more vivid envelope envelope of musical tones can be realized.

To achieve this, attenuation data is prepared together with transition data prepared for each waveform data in the musical tone synthesis data ROM 506.

Then, when the waveform data to be used changes, that is, when executing the process (2) shown in FIG. 7, the transition data REP i
This can be realized by reading the attenuation data KDD and storing it in the read register R (KDD) and updating the attenuation data.

In the above explanation, the composite waveform is generated using waveform interpolation processing, but the interpolated waveform interval i
By performing PcM waveform processing or PCM waveform processing→waveform interpolation processing, drastic waveform changes (timbre changes) at the rise of musical tones can be reproduced, and more vivid musical tones can be generated.

PCM waveform processing is the process of reading the waveform data stored in the data ROM 506 and converting the data to synthesized waveform data as-is. For example, it extracts waveform data corresponding to multiple consecutive cycles from the start of sound generation of a natural musical tone. The data is stored in the data ROM 506, and when a musical tone is generated, the waveform samples f(Xi, m) i are read in sequence and used as composite waveform samples. Composite waveform f during PCM waveform processing
A(Xi, m, n) is 7″(Xi, m, n)
-f (Xi, m) Tona 6° Also, the musical tone data is
Waveforms and cycles were stored in the form of PCM data, but the waveforms have been made symmetrical.

The results of DPCM conversion, ADPCM conversion, etc. are stored in the data ROM 506 as waveform data, and the DRP 608
Data compression of waveform data becomes possible by performing restoration processing within the .

Furthermore, the waveform data stored in the musical tone synthesis data ROM 506 includes natural musical tones? Analyze and extract the harmonic order, temporal changes in amplitude and phase changes for each harmonic, and limit the harmonic order and control the phase to form a complete musical waveform, or create a sound waveform that is included in natural musical sounds. There are methods that limit the harmonic components present in the music and selectively extract them from the limited musical tones. Furthermore, there are some that do not use natural musical sounds but synthesize them artificially and use them as waveform data. For example, there are devices that input harmonic orders, amplitude levels, phase data, etc., and synthesize waveforms based on the input data.

Furthermore, although the musical tone synthesis data ROM 506 is a read-only memory, it may also be configured as a readable/writable RAM.

As described in detail, the electronic musical instrument of the present invention includes a data memory section that stores a plurality of pieces of waveform data and control data used when generating a composite waveform using the waveform data, and the data memory section. a data reading section that reads control data of the device and reads waveform data based on the control data; a waveform calculation section that generates a composite waveform using the data read by the data reading section 9; and a waveform calculation section that generates a composite waveform using the data read by the data reading section 9. an envelope generating section that generates an envelope signal; and a multiplication section that multiplies the composite waveform generated by the waveform calculating section by the attenuated envelope signal generated by the envelope generating section, and is stored in the data memory according to the control data. Interpolated waveform processing or
Approximate by PCM waveform processing or PCM-→interpolation waveform processing, approximate a relatively stable waveform by repeating one wave of the final waveform or loop waveform processing to generate a composite waveform, and combine the composite waveform with an attenuated envelope signal. By multiplying by
Herbal pseudosounds, etc.) can be simulated.

Furthermore, there is a data memory section that stores a plurality of pieces of waveform data and control data used when generating a composite waveform of the waveform data, and a data memory section that reads the control data in the data memory section and generates waveform data based on the control data. a data reading unit that reads data; a waveform calculation unit that generates a composite waveform using the data read by the data reading unit;
an envelope generating section that generates an attenuated envelope signal in response to the operation of a key switch and controls the attenuation characteristic based on the control data; and a composite waveform generated by the waveform calculation section and the attenuated envelope signal generated by the envelope generating section. The apparatus is equipped with a multiplier for multiplication, and multiplies the composite waveform by the attenuation envelope signal to generate attenuated musical sound waveforms having different attenuation characteristics depending on the waveform data generated by the composite wave engraving. Therefore, a more vivid envelope of musical sounds can be achieved.

Furthermore, control data used when generating a composite waveform using multiple pieces of waveform data and the above waveform data and 'ff:1
a data memory section that stores a plurality of sets of synthetic data; a data reading section that reads the control data and waveform data in the data memory section; and a data reading section that generates a synthetic waveform using the data read by the data reading section. The apparatus includes a waveform calculation section, an envelope generation section that generates an attenuated envelope signal in accordance with the operation of the key switch and controls the attenuation characteristic sound based on the control data, and a multiplication section that multiplies the composite waveform and the attenuation envelope signal. , by multiplying the above synthesized waveform and the attenuation envelope signal based on the above control data, an attenuated musical sound waveform having different attenuation characteristics for each synthesized data is generated. Or every 6 keys or
Envelope characteristics can be controlled for each octave, making it possible to simulate more vivid musical tones.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of the musical tone generation principle of the electronic musical instrument of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram showing an example of a musical tone synthesis data memory used in the present invention, and FIGS. 3 and 4 are explanatory diagrams of waveform interpolation processing. , FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the electronic musical instrument of the present invention, and FIG.
The figure shows the configuration of the musical tone generator 507, and FIG. 7 shows the DRP 608.
FIG. 8 is a processing flow chart of the WDP 607. 501...Keyboard, 602...Operation unit,
503...Central processing unit, 604...
RAM, 506...ROM, tsoe...
...Musical tone synthesis data ROM, 507...Musical tone generation section, 601...Main oscillation section, 602...
・Sequencer, 6o3... Input register section, 6
04...Timer, 606...Comparison register section, 606...Frequency data processor,
607... Waveform data processor, 608...
...Data read processor, 609...
... Read pulse forming section, 610... Calculation request flag generating section, 611... DAC, 612.
...Analog buffer memory section, 613...
...integrator. Name of agent: Patent attorney Toshio Nakao and 1 other person 2nd
Figure 3

Claims (3)

[Claims] (1) A data memory section that stores a plurality of pieces of waveform data and control data used when generating a composite waveform using the waveform data, and a waveform data that reads the control data in the data memory section and generates waveform data based on the control data. a data reading unit that reads the data, a waveform calculation unit that generates a composite waveform using the data read by the data reading unit, an envelope generation unit that generates an attenuated envelope signal in response to the operation of the key switch, and the waveform calculation unit and a multiplier for multiplying the generated composite waveform by the attenuated envelope signal generated by the envelope generator. According to the control data, the waveform data stored in the data memory is sequentially used to generate a composite waveform, and the composite waveform is multiplied by the attenuated envelope signal to generate an attenuated musical sound waveform. electronic musical instrument. (2) A data memory section that stores a plurality of pieces of waveform data and control data used when generating a composite waveform using the waveform data, and a waveform data that reads the control data in the data memory section and is based on the control data. a data reading section that reads the data, a waveform calculation section that generates a composite waveform using the data read by the data reading section, and a waveform calculation section that generates an attenuation envelope signal in accordance with the operation of the key switch and controls the attenuation characteristics using the control data. comprising an envelope generation section and a multiplication section that multiplies the composite waveform generated by the waveform calculation section and the attenuated envelope signal generated by the envelope generation section, and multiplies the composite waveform and the attenuated envelope signal; An electronic musical instrument is characterized in that it generates attenuated musical sound waveforms having different attenuation characteristics depending on the waveform data used to generate the composite waveform. (3) a data memory section that stores a plurality of sets of composite data each consisting of a plurality of sets of waveform data and control data used when generating a composite waveform using the waveform data; and a data memory section that stores the control data of the data memory section. a data reading section that reads the waveform data; a waveform calculation section that generates a composite waveform using the data read by the data reading section; It is equipped with an envelope generation section that controls characteristics, and a multiplication section that multiplies the composite waveform and the attenuated envelope signal based on the control data. An electronic musical instrument characterized in that it generates attenuated musical sound waveforms having different attenuation characteristics.