JPS60199790A - Anchor for vessel - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To improve the catching force, stabilizing performance, etc. by pojecting an anchor shoulder towards the both sides from an anchor head and installing a stabilizing blade part at the top edge part and projecting the right and left anchor hooks forward from the anchor head and installing an anchor stem in turnable ways between the anchor hooks. CONSTITUTION:The whole shape in plane view is formed into an inverted triangle in which an anchor shoulder 3 projects forward from an anchor head 1 towards the both edges from the connection part with the anchor head 1, and the anchor shoulder 3 is projected towards the both sides from the anchor head 1, and a stabilizing blade part 8 is formed at the top edge part. The right and left anchor hooks 5 project forward from the anchor head 1, and an anchor stem 6 is installed turnably through a shaft 12 between the anchor hooks 5, and the section of the anchor stem 6 is formed to rhombic form. Therefore, the anchor having the superior performance such as catching, scraping, stabilizing, anchor removing, and accommodation performance can be obtained.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] A marine anchor securely anchors a moored vessel at a predetermined position.
It is an important piece of equipment for maintaining the safety of the ship's hull, crew members, cargo, etc., and has been devised and developed in a wide variety of configurations in other countries since ancient times, and its importance has only recently been recognized in Japan. However, there are significant differences in the performance of anchors depending on the bottom quality of the sea area in which they are used, and there are various requirements required for marine anchors. The current situation is that there is no such thing.

The most typical one currently in use (Figure 4)
There are culm cross anchors (Fig. 5), steel type anchors (Fig. 6), dun horse anchors (Fig. 7) AC-14 type anchors, etc., but all of them have advantages and disadvantages and are by no means ideal. No, no.

1. The commonly called Jisu-type anchor is a type of Muhozanji anchor, and the form recognized in Japanese Jisu is commonly called Jisu-type anchor by experts), that is (Figure 4) The culled cross anchor has a long stirrer (anchor trowel or stock) (9) attached to the end of the anchor trunk (6) and is attached in a direction perpendicular to the curved anchor arm (4), so the anchor arm (4) When the anchor touches the bottom, the anchor claw (5) is always oriented perpendicular to the ground, and the anchor claw (5) digs deep into the ground. Even if the anchor hits the bottom in a parallel direction, the anchor (9) sticks into the ground at right angles and creates a large amount of resistance, making it difficult to hold the anchor, and it is less likely to drag anchor, but due to the shape of the vessel it is impossible to equip it on the side of the vessel. Mounting it on the deck requires special equipment and a large space for loading and unloading, and the handling work is complicated and difficult, so it is mainly used for mooring and securing buoys and floating piers, etc. Currently, it is used as an equipment anchor for ships. Almost never used.

The jet type anchor shown in (Figure 5) is suitable for side equipment, so most ships around the world use this type of anchor, but generally the planar area of the anchor arm (4) and anchor claw (5) is The head of the pot is small and has the shape of a primitive iron block, and over the entire circumference of the pot head (1), a claran plate (10) and a tripping palm (0]) protrude in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the anchor. When it hits the bottom, the force of the anchor scatters sand and excavates a mortar-shaped hole.
In many cases, the anchor is stood upright with the pot head (1) facing down and the toes facing downwards, and if there is tension at the end of the anchor stem, the movement of the crown plate (10) and the tribbing palm (1]) will occur as the anchor moves. The soil that accumulates on the ground pushes up the anchor arm (4) and anchor claw (5) from below, which not only makes raking uncertain and time-consuming, but also often does not rak into the ground until the end, and rakes smoothly. Even in this case, the resistance area around the pot head (1) and its surroundings is large, so it does not penetrate deeply into the ground, and therefore the holding force is small, and if you continue to apply tension and pull it, it will rotate horizontally by almost 100% underground. As the gripping force rapidly decreases, the anchor claw (5) eventually becomes upward and floats to the ground surface, and the earth and sand that accumulates in front of the movement of the crown plate (10) and tripping palm (11) become attached to the anchor claw. (5) is pushed from the bottom, so the anchor hook (5) never scratches into the ground again, and this is often the cause of anchor dragging accidents in strong winds, and it cannot be said to be a high-performance anchor. .

The Danhorse anchor shown in (Fig. 6) has a thin and long wing-shaped anchor claw (5) with a wide base area and a wedge-shaped pot head (5) with a smooth surface.
1) and a long cable (9) that penetrates the complex (2) and is attached parallel to the leading edge of the lead layer (3). Since the resistance area around the head (1) and lead layer (3) is small, it can penetrate deep into the ground,
The anchor claw (5) with a wide planar area and the long claw (9) create a large holding force due to the anti-soil pressure resistance, and since it is difficult to rotate, small and easy-to-handle anchors are used for small boats such as yachts, boats, and fishing boats. Although it is often used as a pot head () anchor, the resistance of the anchor shoulder 3) is small and the anchor claw (5) is long and has a large flat plate shape, so even if tension is applied to the anchor end, the claw tip will rotate downward. No matter how many times the anchor is re-cast, it often slides on the flat surface without digging into the ground and does not exert any holding power.
When the ship goes beyond normal, it will burrow too deep into the ground and it will be difficult to pull the anchor. In addition, it is too light to be used as a marine anchor, the long anchor claw (5) and the anchor (9) become obstacles, and there is no fulcrum for contact with the side of the ship, so it is unsuitable for equipment on the side of the ship and is not used on general ships.

The AC-14 type anchor shown in (Fig. 7) is a non-barrel-shaped anchor developed in the UK, and its overall planar shape is nearly square, with a pot head (1) and a lead layer (
3) It is a single horizontally long box-shaped box with no distinction between the two, and its entire body is inclined at an angle of about 45 degrees from the front edge toward the base of the anchor claw (5), and is integrally connected to the anchor claw (5). Sediment does not accumulate on the moving front of the pot head (1) and lead layer (3), and the resistance to underground penetration is low, and the flat area of the anchor claw (5) is relatively large, so it has good raking performance and holding performance. Both ends are far superior to conventional marine anchors, and both ends of the lead layer (3) protrude outward from the base of the anchor claw (5) and serve as a handle (9), making it difficult to rotate. It is often tilted from side to side, and sometimes rotates, and if it is tilted, its holding power will be significantly reduced, and if it is rotated, there is a high possibility of re-seeding. As for the ability to pull the anchor, the area of the anchor claw (5) is relatively large, the overall planar shape is nearly rectangular, and the penetration depth is deep, so the resistance when pulling the anchor is large.

Listing the requirements for a marine anchor based on the examples of the various anchors mentioned above: (a) Holding performance Holding power, also called holding resistance, is the force that holds the ship against the wind and tide pressure applied to the hull. Anchor chain dog.

It is required to be as large as possible within the range commensurate with the size and strength.

(b) Scraping performance When tension is applied to the anchor trunk (6), it is necessary to quickly and reliably scrape into the ground. Objects cannot exert their unique power of control.

(c) Stability Performance When a large tension is applied to the anchor and it begins to move and drag, most conventional anchors tilt and rotate sideways, rapidly decreasing the holding resistance by 3 and increasing the speed of anchor dragging. It becomes difficult to stop the anchor and stop the anchor from being dragged again, which often causes accidents during strong winds, but strong winds do not blow continuously at a constant speed, but intermittently, with varying degrees of strength. If the anchor does not tilt and rotate and the holding resistance decreases, re-arrest becomes possible.

(d) Reseeding performance An anchor with good stability performance does not rotate, so the gap is less than 1m, but rotating anchors need to be reseeded quickly and reliably, which can reduce accidents.

(E) Anchor lifting performance When anchored for a long period of time in an anchorage with soft mud bottom or an anchorage at the river mouth, the anchor may become deeply buried in the ground, making it difficult to lift the anchor: η1 (1)
Even in a normal 2+'ji stay, the anchoring force is large, +7 is generally deep underground, and when lifting anchor, the underwater weight of the anchor chain and the weight of the anchor cause soil pressure resistance, resulting in poor anchoring performance. An excessive load is placed on the anchor each time it is lifted.

(F) Storage Capacity With the exception of small boats, most modern anchors are equipped to be stored on the side, so even if they have a large holding power, anchors that cannot be equipped on the side are unsuitable as marine anchors.

The above items are the ideal marine anchor that eliminates the drawbacks of the various anchors currently in use.In other words, the various anchors currently in use have drawbacks that fall under one or more of the above items. The anchor of the present invention was invented to eliminate these drawbacks, and this will be explained with reference to the attached drawings from Figures 1 to 3. The boatman (1) is a complex (2).
The complex (2) and the left and right lead layers (
3) It is a bridge to firmly connect (3) and the anchor claw (5) (5), and there is an insertion hole in the center into which the anchor trunk (6) fitted with the anchor trunk pin 0■ is inserted from the front. 03 will be provided.

The lead layer (3) (3) gradually becomes thinner from the connecting part with the boatman (1) toward the outer end, and projects obliquely forward from the base toward the outer end, so that the entire lead layer extends from the leading edge toward the anchor claw base. 3
It is inclined at an angle of around 0 degrees, and is connected integrally with the base of the anchor claw (5) (5), and has anchor legs (7) on both the upper and lower sides, and a stabilizing wing (8) on the outer end. .

The anchor claw (5) is thinned linearly from the center of the boatman (1) toward the toe and each point on the outside line.The front projection shape is an oblong diamond shape, and the side shape is an acute wedge shape.The outside line is from the toe to each point. It spreads out toward the base at an angle of around 25 degrees with the axis.

The anchor leg (7) is a rectangular protrusion attached to the inner end of the lead layer (3) on both sides of the bow (1), with a gently sloped slope at the tip, and a steep slope from the rear edge, with the base being a lead layer. Layer (3) is integrally connected to the anchor claw (5), and in addition to providing a sediment discharge hole (1) in the center of each layer, the form may be a non-porous type, a cylinder, a sphere attached to the tip of the cylinder, or There are ways to make a triangular prism, a trapezoidal protrusion, an I-shape, an H-shape, a U-shape, etc., and the mounting position can be near the outer edge of the lead layer (3) or both near the outer edge and near the inner edge. There is a way.

The stabilizing blade (8) is made of a raw material that is integral with the outer end of the lead layer (3) (two connected, slightly thinner from the inner end to the outer end), and is
)A coincides with the extension line of the leading edge of the lead layer, and the trailing edge (8)B coincides with the leading edge line (8)A with the intersection of the inner end (8)C and the outer line of the anchor claw (5) as the base point. Cut parallel to the line (8)E drawn from the intersection of the outer edge line (8)D and the inner edge line (8)C, and cut from the line (8)E to the trailing edge (8)B. Tilt it toward the center.

The anchor trunk (6) is fitted with the anchor pin α■, inserted into the low entry hole 03 (from the front of the boatman (1)), and attached near the rear end of the complex (2) so that it can be opened freely, and is secured by the stopper pin 041. Stop withdrawal.

The anchor of the present invention has the above-described structure, and the outer end of the stabilizing blade (8) protrudes further forward than the bow (1), and the front-to-face area of the bow (1) and the lead layer (3) is small, so it cannot be used as a dropping anchor. The boatman at the bottom (
1) The boat does not stand upright with its side down, but when lying on its side, the boatman (1) and the lead layer (3) (3) are supported at a certain height from the ground by the anchor leg (7). The toes are in a downward position that makes it easy to dig into the ground, and only the tips and toes of the anchor leg (7) are in contact with the ground, so when tension is applied to the anchor trunk (6), the toes immediately dig into the ground and the anchor moves. Even if the boatman (1) and the lead layer (3) begin to move, the soil will not accumulate in front of the moving surface of the boatman (1), and the soil will be quickly and reliably scraped into the ground. It penetrates deeply, has a relatively wide area, and has a diamond-shaped frontal anchor claw (5) and an anchor h1 (
3) (3) has a large holding force, and with the addition of the drag force of the stabilizing blade (8), it exerts a holding force 3 to 4 times that of a plastic anchor, so anchor dragging is extremely limited, but mechanically If you continue to pull with a tension that exceeds the holding force of this anchor, the resistance hook will collapse,
On the other hand, when Q starts to rotate at an angle, the anchor claw (
5) and the form of the lead layer (3) and the stabilizing wing that protrudes extremely forward from the base of the anchor claw (5) and slopes from the leading edge (8) A side toward the center of the trailing edge (8) B. Due to the effect of (8), the resistance to underground penetration on the lower side of the slope increases rapidly, and on the contrary, the resistance on the upper side of the slope drastically decreases, preventing rotational movement and restoring the anchor, which is said to be the fate of this type of anchor. Horizontal rotation is 100
The stability performance is extremely good, and even if the anchorage is continued for a long time, the anchoring force does not decrease, so even if anchorage is actually started, the speed of anchorage does not increase, and re-deterrence is fully possible.

There is no need to consider the re-raking performance since the anchor of the present invention does not rotate, but various bottoming positions are assumed, such as artificially throwing earth and sand on the underside of the anchor claw (5) and pulling it with the L toe facing upward. Even when the anchor is pulled, it quickly returns to its normal position and is reliably scraped, so it is thought that even if the anchor is dragged and rotated, it will be scraped quickly and reliably again.

Also, when lifting the anchor, when the anchor chain is wrapped around the anchor trunk (6) and the anchor trunk (6) stands up vertically, the anchor hook (5), which has an almost inverted triangular shape in plan, is pulled out to the ground from the apex of the triangle, which has the smallest area and the least resistance. Since the mounting position of the upper anchor trunk (6) is closer to the toe side compared to conventional anchors, it is possible to easily pull out the Q anchor with a small force.

As for storage, since the anchor of the present invention is in the shape of a Wuxi mountain-shaped anchor, there is no problem with the shipside equipment.

The table below shows a comparison with other anchors in an experimental water tank containing sand containing 0.2 to 0.5% particles.

Note: The holding force coefficient is the anchor's drag force expressed as a multiple of the anchor's own weight.

In addition, an impact tension test was conducted in the same experimental water tank (assuming a sudden tension that would cause the anchor to drag during a typhoon, etc.), a truck was loaded with about 1 ton of weight, lowered down an inclined track, and the tow line connected to the anchor was In the experiment, the Jisu-type anchor jumped on the ground while standing on tiptoe, and the Danhorse anchor, AC-1
Type 4 anchors move a certain distance while scratching the ground with their toes, and then the trolley stops, and the anchor hardly scratches into the ground, but the anchor of the present invention rotates its toes downward and moves about 2. It reliably rakes at five times the distance and restrains the cart from running at once, proving its rapid and reliable raking and great gripping power.

As mentioned above, the anchor of the present invention can be pulled in quickly and reliably, and has a large holding force, so anchor dragging is limited, and even if the anchor drags, its underground position is stable and it does not rotate, reducing holding force. The anchor can be easily pulled out with a small force, so there is no overload on the anchor lifting machine, and the overall performance is much better than that of conventional anchors. It is believed that accidents caused by running e#i will be drastically reduced by using the invented anchor.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figure 1 is a front view of the anchor of the present invention. Figure 2 is a plan view of the anchor of the present invention. Figure 3 is a side view of the anchor of the present invention. Figure 4 is a perspective view showing the entire tin-containing cross anchor. Figure 5 is a diagonal type anchor. Figure 6 is a perspective view showing the entire anchor. Figure 7 is a perspective view showing the entire Dunhorse anchor.
- Figure 8 is a perspective view showing the entirety of the 14 type anchor.
Schematic side view showing the force relationship when rotated 0 degrees (1): Pot head (2): Complex (3): Lead layer (4): Anchor arm (5): Anchor claw (6) Anchor trunk (7) :Anchor leg (8
): Stable wing (8) A: Leading edge line (8) B: Trailing edge line (s
) c: Inner edge line (8) D: Outer edge line (s) E: Intermediate line
(9): γ (Stock lead tin) 00: Crown plate (Konitoriping palm Q): Anchor stem pin (13:
Anchor stem insertion hole 041: Stopping pin 0υ: Earth and sand removal hole (
IQ: Tension 0'l: Center of soil pressure. Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 September 2r, 1982 (To the Patent Office Examiner) 1.4; - Indication of the matter 1981 Patent Application No. 057564 3, Amendment Case Relationship between Applicant 4 and the amendment order dated 14th year, Showa era. The lead film (7) is a rectangular protrusion attached to the inner end of the lead layer (3) on both sides of the pot head (1), with a gently sloped slope at the tip and a steep slope from the rear edge to the base. The lead layer (3) is integrally connected to the anchor claw (5), and in addition to providing a sediment discharge hole αυ in the center of each layer, the shape is either non-porous or cylindrical, with a sphere attached to the tip of the cylinder. Alternatively, there is a method of making a triangular prism, a trapezoidal protrusion, an I-shape, a ■-shape, a U-shape, etc., and the mounting position is also near the outer end of the lead layer (3) or both near the outer end and near the inner end. There is a method. The stabilizing blade (8) is an anchor blade that is integrally connected to the outer end of the lead layer (3), and the trailing edge line extends from the intersection of the leading edge line (8) A and the outer edge line (8) D on both upper and lower surfaces. (8)E is a line drawn in a direction parallel to (8)B, and is inclined from (8)E on both the upper and lower surfaces toward the center of trailing edge line (8)B. Margin below.

Claims (1)

[Claims] Using metal materials such as iron, stainless steel, brass, and aluminum, the overall planar shape is such that the anchor shoulder (3) extends forward from the anchor head (1) with both ends facing away from the connection with the anchor head (1). The shape is similar to a protruding inverted triangle, and the front projection of the anchor shoulder (3) and anchor claw (5) is an oblong rhombus. A Wuxi mountain-shaped marine anchor with a series of stabilizing wings (8) attached to the end and an anchor trunk (6) attached near the toe of the anchor body (2).