JPS60153720A - Culture of bracket fungus of genus fomes - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for cultivating perennial mushrooms using an artificial solid culture medium. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for cultivating perennial mushrooms with large 1N caps year-round, in a short period of time, and at low cost.

G anoclera + a lucidum
(F r, ) karst) is a basidiomycete that belongs to the genus Hemorrhoids of the family Aridaceae, and has been highly prized since ancient times as a conspicuous mushroom and as an excellent medicinal fungus. However, its existence is extremely rare, only growing naturally on old trees in the deep mountains. For this reason, in recent years, perennial mushrooms have been cultivated using artificial cultivation methods for edible mushrooms. tll research has reached its peak. However, because the physiological conditions of the perennial thatch itself are different from those of general edible mushrooms, such as shiitake and yellowtail mushrooms, it has poor rooting and is extremely difficult to cultivate artificially. For example, there is a method of cultivating shiitake mushrooms by planting seed fungi on logs (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 55-88+328).

This method requires a great deal of effort in both inoculation and management, and
It is disadvantageous in terms of productivity because it takes 120 to 150 days for cultivation, ripening, and development. In addition, a method of artificially cultivating h-year-old grass using an artificial solid culture medium has been proposed (Japanese Patent Publication No. 55-38092).

However, in this method, it is difficult to obtain a stable harvest even if cultivation is carried out under 11-(j) conditions because the germination and growth periods vary.

The present inventors conducted various cultivation experiments regarding the artificial cultivation method of perpetual mushrooms, and as a result, they discovered a cultivation method that uses an artificial solid culture medium to produce equally large amounts of large mushrooms in the ear in a short period of time. This is what we have come to.

That is, the present invention, which is based on the above-mentioned knowledge, involves the artificial cultivation of perennial mushrooms, in which the perennial mushroom inoculum is cultured in an artificial solid culture medium, and the fruiting body primordium (stalk) is obtained from the pre-cultured fungal bed to obtain a fungal bed. Humidity 9
Conducted under conditions of 0% or more and illumination of 5001X or less, and
It is a perennial cultivation method characterized by growing in bacteria under conditions of humidity of 90% or more and illuminance of more than 500 Ix.

The present invention can be easily implemented in a vinyl greenhouse or a glass room, has good productivity, and is extremely practical.

The perennial mushroom strain according to the present invention is a pure isolated strain collected and isolated from nature by a conventional method, and is usually cultured aseptically on a slant or plate on an agar medium and stored at a low temperature. There are 4 strains
~Put it into a new medium every 6 months and store it at a low temperature, or
Alternatively, it is preferable to carry out a paraffin layered low-temperature preservation method for the first-generation bacterial strain isolated from nature in order to maintain the hyphae's integrity over a long period of time. As a seed fungus, the hyphae on the agar medium described above can be used as is, but usually the hyphae are inoculated onto an artificial solid culture medium or liquid culture medium and cultured aseptically to allow the hyphae to proliferate.

An example of seed preparation using an artificial solid culture medium is as follows. Mix hardwood sawdust and rice bran at a volume ratio of 4:1, add water as needed (112 stir, water content 60-70%)
Adjust accordingly. The mixture is packed into 11 sterilized glass bottles with cotton plugs, and three holes are made for inoculation, followed by sterilization to prepare a solid medium. The mycelia of the agar-cultured bacterial strain are inoculated onto the solid medium by planting them on agar plates. Temperature approximately 25℃r
When the culture is carried out for about 20E1, an inoculum with perennial mushroom mycelia propagated throughout the solid medium can be obtained.

Preculture in the present invention is a step of preparing a bacterial bed.

Said 18 culture is usually inoculated with the above-mentioned inoculum on an artificial solid culture medium,
The temperature is 15 to 35°C, preferably 20 to 25°C, and the humidity is 40 to 80%, preferably 50 to 10%.

Generally, mycelium spreads throughout the culture medium in 20 to 30 days, and a fungal bed with mature mycelial bundles on the top surface is obtained. As the substrate for the artificial solid culture medium according to the present invention, sawdust, rice bran, rice husk, soybean meal, furima, etc., which are commonly used for cultivating basidiomycetes, can be used alone or in a mixture thereof. Furthermore, a culture medium obtained by mixing the substrate with a soil covering material described below may also be used.

The artificial solid culture medium is prepared by compacting a mixture of the substrate and water in a glass or plastic container such as a bottle or bag, and then sterilizing the mixture.

The mixing ratio of substrate and water is usually 1 part by weight of substrate to 1 part by weight of water.
The amount is 6 to 2 parts by weight. In addition, when preparing the above-mentioned solid culture medium, a foot nutrient source such as glucose or maltose, or a nitrogen source such as yeast extract or peptone may be added as necessary.

01'' regulators such as calcium carbonate, as well as vitamins, inorganic salts, growth promoting factors, etc. may be added.

A mixture of sawdust and rice bran in a ratio of 2 to 6:1 (weight ratio) is a preferred substrate as it appropriately contains various nutritional components. Sawdust derived from broad-leaved trees such as beech, oak, and kurji is preferably used, but sawdust derived from coniferous trees such as pine, cedar, and hemlock may also be used. It is not necessary to apply light, but light of arbitrary intensity may be applied.

In the step of forming fruiting body primordia (stalks) from the hyphal bundles of the fungal bed, the fungal bed is heated at a temperature of 15 to 40°C, preferably 25 to 30°C.
5℃, humidity 90% or more, preferably 95% or more, illuminance 5
It is carried out under conditions of 001X or less, preferably ioo to 3001X. Formation in bacteria occurs at a temperature of 15-40" C1, preferably 2!+=-35°C, and a humidity of 90% or more, preferably 95%.
Above, illuminance exceeding 5001x, preferably 5001
It is carried out under conditions exceeding X and up to 50001x. In addition, when cultivating the perennial mushroom of the present invention, it is a preferable embodiment to cover the fungal bed with a soil covering material and apply the above conditions. Approximately 20-3
Fruiting body primordia (stalks) begin to form on day 0, and by culturing under the same conditions, the primordia (stalks) grow and fruiting progresses. Covering with soil improves water retention, prevents the fungal bed from drying out, increases heat retention, and encourages vigorous mycelial activity. Therefore, apply soil to cover the fungal bed.

The upper surface of the fungal bed, that is, the primordium growth surface, does not particularly need to be covered with soil, but in order to promote the growth of the primordium, it is preferable to cover the fungal bed with soil to the extent that it covers the mycelial bundles.

Soil covering materials include sand, natural soil for platforms, and hill stones.

Examples include soil conditioners such as perlite, rice straw, and buckwheat husks. Kanuma soil and Akadama soil are preferred soil covering materials in terms of water retention and breathability. Note that if the soil covering material is clean, there is no need to sterilize it.

The cultivation period according to the present invention is arbitrarily determined depending on the desired length of mushroom stems, but is usually 40 to 100 days.

It is preferable that the light is evenly irradiated to the inner ear formation, and the light source is natural light or an incandescent light bulb. Although it is preferable that the irradiation be carried out continuously, in cultivation outdoors such as in a vinyl greenhouse or glass room, a method may also be adopted in which no special illuminance is applied at night or on cloudy days. The present invention is a cultivation method in which the culture environment is changed as described above according to the growth process of perennial mushrooms, and each growth stage is selectively carried out, and in particular, it is possible to mass-cultivate mushrooms with large caps in a short period of time. It's a method.

Traditionally, the shape of the naturally occurring Wan Nenta Banno usually has a mushroom stem and a back, and the back usually has a kidney formation or a semi-circular shape. For example, it has a shape as shown in Figures 1 to 4, and A in Figure 1.
As shown in Figure 4, which is a cross-sectional view of -A, the ratio between the length of the mushroom stem (a) and the diameter of the back (1) is usually about a/b = 1 to 1.7/1. On the other hand, in the method of the present invention, by appropriately selecting the present invention article A'1, for example, a/
Perpetual mushrooms with b = about 0.5 to 1/1, which are much larger in the ear than those that exist naturally, can be easily obtained at a much (9) lower cost.

Incidentally, such large-backed perennial mushrooms are of high value as they are, in bottles, for ornamental purposes, as health foods, or for medicinal purposes. Furthermore, according to the present invention, by arbitrarily selecting the cultivation period after the pre-cultivation, it is possible to freely cultivate mushroom stems and backs of any size and shape for ornamental purposes.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to Examples.

111-, 200 hours of broad-bread sawdust, 9001J of rice bran, and 50g of calcium carbonate were mixed, 4700J of water was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred to prepare a homogeneous medium.

Next, 60% of this sawdust medium was placed in a polypropylene wide-mouth culture bottle.
Pour 0g, press firmly from above, make a hole with a diameter of about 1011 in the center of C, and plug it (cotton plug or urethane plug).

Pressure sterilization is performed to prepare a culture medium, and Mannentake mushroom (Ga
nodera+a lucidum (F r,) k
Bottle culture was carried out by inoculating the seed bacteria of CM-359 (Keikoken Bacteria No. 6060). The preculture was completed in the dark for 20 days at a temperature of 25°C, humidity of 50%, and RH.Then, the stopper was removed, and the bottle was filled with enough water to 1" to 1". ℃, 99% high temperature and humidity, and transferred to C2001x light. Thumb-sized fruiting body primordia (stalks) were formed in about 25 days. This one at 30'C
, 99% (RH), and 50001x.1.
! =301] A large cap was formed, and good black-brown fruiting bodies could be collected. It took 15 days to collect the fruiting bodies, including pre-cultivation, and the dry form of the fruiting bodies 9 at this time was 2.
6.8 (J/fungal bed (600 g). The length of the mushroom stem of this fruiting body (a) is approximately 6 cm, and the diameter of the ear (b).
) was about 9 cm r and a/b'F6/9.

Example 2 4 ooog of hardwood sawdust, 111,000 g of rice, and 50 (J) of calcium carbonate were mixed, and 9,000 d of water was added to this and stirred to prepare a J8 base.Next, 900 liters of this medium was placed in a polypropylene bag and firmly pressed. 20 blocks were made.A rod was placed in these 14 bags and a hole with a diameter of about 10 mm was made in the center of the block. After cooling for 60 minutes, the same perennial mushroom sawdust seed fungus used in Example 1, which had already been cultured, was aseptically transplanted into each block into the hole on the top of the medium, and cultured as follows. Ta.

First, pre-cultivation was carried out for 25 days in the dark under culture conditions of temperature 23° C. and humidity 50% (Rl-1) to create a fungal bed mainly for vegetative growth of hyphae. Next, the pre-cultivated fungal bed is taken out from the polypropylene bag that is wrapped in it and brought into a plastic greenhouse, where it is embedded in Akadama soil with sufficient water supply, and the room temperature is kept at 35°C, humidity is 99%, and illuminance is When fruiting body primordia (stalks) were grown under 2001X and then maintained for 25 days at a room temperature of 35°C, humidity of 99%, and illuminance of 4000 to 50001x, fruiting bodies of approximately constant shape grew from each fungal bed. Obtained 1. : Similar to Example 1, the mushroom was a large fruit body inside the ear, and the yield was 640 g in dry weight.

Add 4700 d of water to 200 g of ILJL hardwood sawdust, 900 g of rice bran, and 50 Q of calcium carbonate, mix and stir to prepare -C medium, and fill 600 g into a wide-mouth bottle made of volipviren.
(The container was sealed with a urethane stopper and sterilized under pressure.

Inoculum of perennial mushroom, which was separately cultured and similar to that used in Example 1, is inoculated and cultured at 18 to 20°C for 25 days. The humidity at this time was about 60%. Next, remove the stopper from the bottle.
When the mushrooms were left standing at 25° C. and 85% humidity, irradiated with 6001× illuminance, and cultured for 50 days, uniform mushrooms as shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 were generated. These methods are conventional and common cultivation methods. The dry weight of the H-year-old weed obtained by this method is 15 g/bacteria bed (600 g), and the amount produced is smaller than that of the present invention.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figure 1 shows the surface of a perennial mushroom obtained using conventional cultivation methods. Figure 2 is a side view of a perennial mushroom obtained by the conventional cultivation method. Figure 3 shows the underside of a perennial mushroom obtained using conventional cultivation methods. FIG. 4 shows a sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. Figure 2 Figure 41

Claims (1)

[Claims] (1) In the artificial cultivation of perennial thatch, a) The primordium (stalk) of the fruiting body is formed at a humidity of 90% or higher and at a temperature of 5.
A method for cultivating perennial mushrooms, characterized in that fungal cap growth is carried out under conditions of a humidity of 90% or more and a brightness of more than 5001x.