JPS60103147A - Composite material - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a composite material and its manufacturing method. There has been a need for a 4 nm nanoparticle that combines the properties of individual materials, such as hardness (i.e., wear resistance) and toughness. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION New materials with improved properties (i.e., crack resistance) are required for a variety of applications, such as mining, rock drilling, petroleum processing, agriculture, and other industrial applications.

However, conventional materials do not necessarily meet the above requirements, and this means that materials used to meet the requirements of hardness and toughness are
This can be seen by testing for mining or cutting tools.

For example, tough material steel is used for applications such as cutting tools that require materials with hardness and toughness. It has become clear overnight that it has deteriorated and will need to be replaced frequently. On the other hand, stainless steel carbide and titanium carbide are known to have hardness and are used in applications that require hardness and toughness. Traditionally, the main body or core of the cutting tool is made of a tough material such as steel.
This is partially overcome by using tungsten carbide as the working or cutting end. Typically, tungsten carbide (ena cap) is fixed on top of a tough core material or embedded within the tough core material, and the caps produced in this way are satisfactory for some specific applications. Should it be used, but for other uses? However, this is not satisfactory since the studs and end caps may be damaged, hyperactive or removed during the preparation.

This means that the cutting tool itself becomes unusable, or if the tool is part of the entire stud of the tool that has been moved, excessive It means to cause stress or strain. Furthermore, these defects can damage the workpiece, and if it is tripped, they can harm the femininity of the worker.

In other conventional methods, hard materials are deposited or bonded onto tough material substrates, for example by metal soldering or by plasma welding, and the composite material thus obtained is also resistant to cracking. Easy to occur.

The main reason these traditional materials are susceptible to cracking or failure is that the material used for the cutting edge, which has a hardness and wear resistance of 7F, and the core, which has a toughness and wear resistance of 7F. There is a definite boundary between
- The existence of this interface is a feature common to all phases.0 This interface is found to be a strain point in the material, and under continuous image strain conditions it will not break or crack. are extremely susceptible to

South African Patent Application No. ZA-8105842 (Department of Engineering, Gersoll Rand) discloses a cutting tool in which a mixed powder of steel and a hard component is sintered to form different hardness regions. According to this opening, there are 6 types of cutting tools in 117 areas A.
, B and C, of which band A is 85 wC (tungsten carbide) and 15% steel, band B is 55% WC and 45% steel, and band C is θ coefficient WC.
Made of 100mm wide steel.

U.S. Pat. No. 3,800,380 discloses an outer region made of a hard flexible material, an inner region made of a soft material, and a region connecting the outer region and the inner region that is less flexible and pliable than the outer region. disclose a cutting tool having a transition region of a harder and more flexible material than the inner region.

However, according to the teachings of the two above-mentioned patents (+?:), there is a distinct interface at a certain point between the first material and the second material which is susceptible to cracking.

The brittleness and lack of toughness of these conventional materials has gradually penetrated to the core of their brittleness and crack resistance. It has now been found that this can be significantly alleviated by producing laminate or composite structures with hard, wear-resistant surfaces. Moreover, these new composite materials have been shown to surprisingly have improved abrasion resistance in some cases compared to conventional materials.

Therefore, the present invention aims at: @4 abrasion-resistant materials, tough and crack-resistant materials (and sheet metal or laminates with a transition zone between them), where the transition zone is hard and C11
From 1t abrasive 49ru Hamura to tough and crack resistant 11
It is characterized by a gradual transition.

``Gradual transformation'' involves the assimilation of a hard Δ material into a tough material in a continuous (e.g., with an ascending surface) or in a stepwise manner to facilitate gradual assimilation. It shows what will happen. from one material to another.

For example, the concentration gradient from the core to the surface is 0.00 per micron.
Preferably, there is a stepwise transition from 2 M to an average proportion of 6% by weight. More preferably, the concentration gradient is an average ratio of 0.02 parts by weight to 21 parts by weight per micron. Either material may be an alloy containing up to about 40 molar mass of metal bonding phase with another I material (which may be an alloy containing up to about 40% of the metal bonding phase which is identical or +rjj-) J: 100
% hard materials to 100% solid materials.

However, it should be noted that the transition region is not simply a concentration change due to atomic diffusion of one or more chemical species. For example, the change in carbon concentration in steel is achieved by carbon diffusion to the surface, but this does not mean that the second material has a different composition than the first material. This is a transition to materials.

The exact concentration gradient will thus vary within the above range according to the exact nature of the hard and tough materials selected and the ultimate purpose of the composite material.

The first material extends a certain distance into the second material. This defined distance defines a transition zone.O Another aspect of the invention includes a surface layer of hard abrasion resistant material;
A cutting tool is provided, comprising a core of tough, crack-resistant material and a transition region between them, the transition region being characterized by a stepwise transition from the surface material to the core printing material. Examples of materials used because of their hard and wear-resistant properties include carbides or cemented carbides, stellite alloys, nitrides, oxides, borides, diamonds, or combinations thereof. , but not limited to these. Preferred examples of such materials include silicon ashes, nitrides and oxides; titanium carbides and nitrides; titanium carbide bonded to steel or nickel alloys; and tungsten carbide.

or tungsten carbide combined with cobalt or nickel. The tough and crack-resistant material may be of any variety known in the art for such riverbed applications;
Such metals include steel, Group VriB metals or Group IB metals.
It does not include or be limited to fJ4 alloy or combinations thereof.

Preferred toughness J Pl's include steel, cobalt, cobalt alloys, nickels and nickel alloys.

+i, when producing a composite material in which both materials contain carbon;
4. The carbon fiber component in the material reacts considerably and M2C (M is a metal and does not form a brittle component or phase such as merun).
3 phase? It is important to choose r. For example, when using tungsten carbide, other materials-1 have low I
material (e.g. nickel, or a material with a relatively low carbon activity not substantially different from that of tungsten carbide. In the case of low-alloy steels, the required carbon content is about 0.9 to 1.0.

When low carbon steel is required as a tough material f3-. K is
High carbon (0.9-1.0%) steel should be used in the transition zone, but with an extension of 1-2 mm 1 A in the toughness zone where the low carbon steel is introduced. This will prevent undesirable reactions.

When using metal carbide as a hard material, it is preferable that the binder phase of the metal carbide is not the same as that of other materials.

In other words, the composite material should not be a metal carbide that gradually infiltrates the same metal (eg, iron carbide to iron).

The composite materials of the invention with an intermediate transition zone can be produced by any conventional technique for bonding materials, such as hot isostatic pressing of powder components, liquid metal immersion, or spray molding. .

In the hot isostatic pressing method, the above composite paulownia material can be produced by placing different powders (i.e., sintered carbide and metal) in stages in different areas of the structure before assimilation. can. The first skin can be 100% 2-1 material and the wet layer layer can be 100% other material, with various concentrations of both materials placed in between. - Use sufficient intermediate layer to give the appearance of gradual transfer of the first material to the other material.

In the liquid metal infiltration method, a hard surface can be formed from a first material with various degrees of porosity that can be infiltrated with a liquid metal core material.In the spray molding method, the hard material can also be formed into a tough material. They can also be spray molded, for example from their Zolazma or melt. By adjusting the type of material sprayed, for example, first spraying a first material and then gradually changing to other materials, the desired structure can be created. The spray-molded structure can be used as is, or it can be completely solidified for optimal use.
r! In order to exhibit p i'1:, 'C' may be further subjected to heat processing, pressing, etc.

When the grip of the present invention, 1/1 and a half; I, was manufactured by hot isostatic pressing technology, it was conventionally manufactured. The binding metal (i.e.
A hard powder material, such as a metal carbide powder containing about C to 70% by weight (nickel, cobalt, steel, etc.), is placed in the bottom of a preformed case or mold.

Above the first material, there is less concentration of the first material.

Add the second material in multiple layers of a powder-rich powder mixture.

A second layer consisting essentially of this second material powder is then added. Various variations of this manufacturing method may be employed, such as pressing the individual layers before adding the next layer, or forming pre-pressed layers and then pressing them into the final composite. Good too.

The powder can be added to the mold by hand or sprayed into the mold to promote uniform dispersion.

The individual layers should be constructed in such a way that there is a gradual transition from one material to the other. When using powders in this way, each successive layer moving from the first material has a reduced concentration of the first material of 25% by weight, preferably 10% by weight.
It should be below the weight limit.

Once filled with material powder in an appropriate order, the case or mold is vacuum-sealed. Depending on the particular powder system selected, a variety of cases or molds can be used.The particle size of the hard, tough material used here is large enough to effectively reduce particle separation. It is preferable that

Generally, powders having an average particle size of less than 60 microns are most preferred.

The JI field of the powder mixture layer depends on the size of the case or mold,
Depending on the shape and use of the final composite, it can be changed to thick rl+. It has been found that a thickness of less than 1 mm to 10 mm is appropriate, and a thickness of 0.1 mm to 1.0 mm is preferred.

In the preferred hot isostatic process for producing cutting tools of hard-tough materials, the sealed case is placed in a hydrostatic press, pressured, and heated in the following specific order: First, apply a knife pressure of 1500 to 2500 psi, and increase the temperature from 1600℃ to 1
Raise the temperature to 700°C and hold for 10-1000 minutes. Then the pressure i 20,000~3 Ll, 000 psi
and hold for about 0.5 to about 5 hours. The temperature and pressure are then slowly reduced to ambient conditions over a period of approximately 2 to 20 hours.The composite material of the present invention can be used in a variety of applications.
It can be made with various ingredients.

The present invention will be further explained in the following examples. These examples are merely illustrative of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention includes equivalent embodiments and modifications that fall within the scope of the claims. 6. Manufacture of hard-tough composite materials.
They were made using inch (5.08 cm) EN 3b (British Standard) steel cans or high purity nickel cans. Commercially available tungsten carbide powder with a particle size of approximately 1-5 microns was used as the hard surface material in all of the following examples. The ductile core material used in these examples was an inert gas atomized powder. In each example, the carbide powder was placed in the can to a height of approximately 6-1090 μm (68 micron particle size) or cobalt powder.
Four or five layers of a powder mixture containing ~10% by weight powder and 10-90% by weight of a tough material (cobalt or steel) were placed over the carbide layer with each layer increasing in metal concentration. Each layer is approximately 0°5~1. The thickness was Oim. A layer of Coremoaceae (approximately 20 to 60 mm thick) was placed on top. Each time a powder book is filled, the powder is pressed at approximately 5 tons/square inch (75 MPa).
) was compression molded.

For Examples 1-B, the cancer was heated to about 400° C. under a vacuum of about 10 −4 Torr for about 7 hours to remove moisture and other impurities. The vacuum tube was then sealed and placed under hot isostatic pressure. to about 1650℃ (over about 1-2 hours)
approximately 2,009 p as the temperature is slowly increased
A gas pressure of si was applied to the can and maintained for approximately 15 minutes. The temperature was then lowered to 1.000° C. and maintained for 1 hour as the pressure was increased to 25.000 pci.

The pressure was decreased for 2 hours and the temperature was decreased over approximately 16 hours to slowly reduce the pressure and temperature to 9.

For Examples 4-B, the cancer was heated to 400°C under a window for about 10 hours to remove moisture and other impurities. The cancer was then sealed under vacuum and placed under hot isostatic pressure. Increase the temperature (over about 1-2 hours) to about 165
Approximately 2000 psi as slowly raised to 0°C
A gas pressure of 0 was applied to the cancer and maintained for about 2 hours. Temperature f, then reduced to 1250° C. and maintained for 2 hours as the pressure was increased to about 25,000 psi. Then the temperature and pressure all above The final composite material typically has a 6 to 10 mm thick carbide layer, an arbitrary graduated transition zone of about 1 to 4 mm thick, and a core of about 20 to 60 mm. 'The 11th layer was a)-.

This composite material is shown in Table 1.

Table 1 - Compositions of Examples 1 to 5 Examples 1-3 Layer 1 Base carbide - Tungsten carbide 14 Ticobalt (N I2 Powder mixture 190 cracks A + 10 parts BO1 Tool steel I6
Powder mixture 270 t A + 50 φ BQI tool steel 4 Powder mixture 3 50 t A + 50 t BO 1 tool steel #5 Powder mixture 460 t A + 70 t BO 1 tool steel 16 Powder mixture 5 10% A + 90 multi BO 1 tool steel 7 Metal base 100% B (11 Tool steel example 4-5 Layer 1 Base carbide/rBetungsten carbide 1
4 Ticobalt (7! β2 Powder Mixture 1 Tungsten Carbide 60 Ticobalt #6 Powder 67, Compound 2 Tungsten Carbide 5
0-line cobalt I4 powder mixture 660%A + 70%B [JII5
Powder mixture 410% A + 90% BQ116 Metal base 100% B [11 Tool Copper Example 6 Layer 1 Base Carbide - Tungsten Carbide 16
．． 5% Cobalt (pre-sintered solid Soleform) #2 Powder mixture 1 Tungsten carbide 60 cycles Conogult I6 Powder mixture 2 Tungsten carbide 50 cycles Cobalt 14 Powder mixture 3 30 Iy + 70 cycles B0115
Powder Mixture 410 Part A + 90 Part B [11〃6 Metal Base 100% BO1 Measurement of Tool Steel Wear Index A small rectangular test piece of the composite material made above was machined to measure 5 mm x 6.5 x 49 mm. It was processed. This test piece consisted of a 2-3 mm carbide layer,
It consists of a graded transition layer and about 15 metal layers.

Each specimen was bolted to a vertical steel holder in a longitudinal grip at a 45° angle to the horizontal. The carbide edge is facing away from the staleholder. Approximately half the length of the specimen (9
, 5mm) Place the vessel in the steel grip with the remaining V145
protruding at an angle of °. A flaw was introduced into the sample by spark corrosion at the point where the specimen emerged from the grip at an angle of 135°. During the test, defects on the sample were detected on the metal substrate (core).
was introduced to place greater stress on the

Each specimen was broken into fragments by punching into a 5-circular masonry rock sample, and the tricone lockpit t□ (t
It mimics the action of ricone rock, bit).

Rock sample pl, Darley Dale+ D
The sandstone was cut in erbyshire+UK, and was fine-grained, uniform, and highly abraded.

Using a lathe numerically controlled by computer
The 500 mm diameter disk of the lock was brought into contact with the specimen at a rotating surface speed of 5 rrL/min. Fold the test piece over.
Approximately 1711111 with one impact
It hit the lock disk about 200 times to a depth of .

The wear rate of the specimen was determined by measuring the volume loss from the specimen and the volume loss of the lock due to abutment. The wear index was determined by dividing the volume of the separated lock (vr) by the loss of the specimen (Vs). The formula is described below.

vr ■S For comparison, several existing rock drill materials were tested in the same manner as described above. Comparative Test A was a specimen cut from a commercially available steel tricone rock drill with a surface layer of tungsten. Comparative Test B was conducted with specimens cut from commercially available solid tungsten carbide drill teeth with spark corrosion flaws introduced as described above. °Lean sol of this material.

Typical examples in Table 0 (■) where the test piece cracked after approximately 300 rounds of testing in each case.
Test B). Comparative test O was a specimen cut from a tungsten carbide rock drill tooth with no spark flaws. The comparative test piece was a conventional sintered tungsten carbide drill tooth containing 15% cobalt and had no defects.

Each of the test specimens made by the method of the present invention and those used in comparative tests were thoroughly inspected after the abutment test. The degree of cracking was determined for each test piece along with the number of wear. 0 Procedural Amendment (1 No. 111A November 16, 1982]) Commissioner of the Japan Patent Office 1, Indication of Case Patent Application No. 21 of 1980] 9011, 3. Relationship with the case of the person making the amendment Patent r1 applicant address name British Petroleum Company (
Name: B, L, C.

4. Agent 5. Correction command El(J Showa month I+ 6. Number of inventions increased by amendment Specification

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] (1) Consisting of a hard abrasive material, a tough-crackable material, and a transition region therebetween, and the transition region is comprised of a hard abrasive material, a tough-crackable material, and a transition region therebetween. A composite material characterized by a gradual transition from the hard wear-resistant material to the tough cracking material. (2) Transition range is 0.002% (weight)/micron-6
It has a concentration gradient of hard material in the tough material that varies at an average rate of 7 microns (by weight). Claim 1
Composite materials as described in Section. (3) the transition zone is comprised of composite layers of hard material having a decreasing concentration, and each successive layer has a decreasing concentration of hard material of 25 qb (*amount) or less; or Composite material according to item 2. (4) Composite materials are produced by hot isostatic pressing of powders of hard and tough materials. Patented Kn composite material. (5) When the composite material is in a hot isostatic press, (a)
Pressure increased from 11500 psi to 2500 p8i, (1)) Temperature: room temperature to 1600°C to 170°C.
Increased temperature at 0°C for 0.5 to 2.5 hours, (c)
Maintain at the above pressure and temperature for 10-1000 minutes. (a) The above pressure is 0.5 to 5 hours, 20,000p.
si to 30,000 pSl. (e) slowly lowering the temperature and pressure over a period of 2 to 20 hours. A composite material according to any one of claims 1 and 4. (6) A cutting tool comprising a surface restraining layer of hard wear-resistant material, a core of tough cracking material, and a transition region therebetween, wherein the transition region is from the surface layer to the core layer. Gradually fluctuating, the cutting tool has a concentration gradient of the surface layer in the cylindrical family, varying at an average rate of 0 (weight) 7 microns;
Cutting tool 0 according to claim 6 (8) The surface layer is selected from metal carbides and combinations thereof, and the core is selected from steel, cobalt, nickel, nickel alloys, or combinations thereof. The cutting tool according to item 7 or 8. (9) Claim 6, wherein the cutting tool is a rock-cutting bit, the surface layer is selected from tungsten carbide and chicnium carbide, and the window material is selected from steel and Kobal 1. 0.0 The cutting tool according to any one of items 8 to 0.0 The transition zone is composed of a Matsai layer of hard material having a decreasing concentration and each successive layer is 25% (il'i': Ml:
) has a reduced concentration of hard materials of
Cutting tool 0 according to any one of FJ in claims 6 to 9