JPS597032B2 - How to convert thermal energy into mechanical energy - Google Patents
How to convert thermal energy into mechanical energyInfo
- Publication number
- JPS597032B2 JPS597032B2 JP9851780A JP9851780A JPS597032B2 JP S597032 B2 JPS597032 B2 JP S597032B2 JP 9851780 A JP9851780 A JP 9851780A JP 9851780 A JP9851780 A JP 9851780A JP S597032 B2 JPS597032 B2 JP S597032B2
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Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明は熱エネルギーを機械エネルギーに変換する方法
に関し、よシ詳しくは、金属と水素との可逆反応を利用
し、密封容器内で金属水素化物を加熱することにより水
素を発生させるとともに、該金属水素化物に対応する金
属を密封容器内で冷却することにより水素を吸収させて
、両容器間の圧力差を利用してピストン、タービン等を
駆動する方法に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method of converting thermal energy into mechanical energy, and more specifically, the present invention relates to a method of converting thermal energy into mechanical energy, and more specifically, it utilizes a reversible reaction between a metal and hydrogen to convert hydrogen by heating a metal hydride in a sealed container. The present invention relates to a method for generating hydrogen, absorbing hydrogen by cooling a metal corresponding to the metal hydride in a sealed container, and driving a piston, a turbine, etc. using the pressure difference between the two containers.
水を媒体として用いる火力発電の場合、通常LNG,ナ
フサ等の燃料を1500℃で燃焼させてボイラーを加熱
し、約566℃の蒸気を得てこれをタービンの駆動に使
用している。In the case of thermal power generation using water as a medium, fuel such as LNG or naphtha is usually burned at 1500° C. to heat a boiler to obtain steam at about 566° C., which is used to drive a turbine.
このように燃焼温度が1500℃であるにもかかわらず
、実際には566℃に下げて使用していることになり、
1500℃と566℃との間の温度はボイラーの?伝導
だけのために使用され、無駄に効率を下げていることに
なる。Even though the combustion temperature is 1500℃, it is actually used at a lower temperature of 566℃.
Temperature between 1500℃ and 566℃ of boiler? It is used only for conduction, reducing efficiency unnecessarily.
本発明者等は、無公害の燃機関として金属水素化物を用
いる熱エネルギーを機械エネルギーに変換する技術を既
に提案した(特願昭51−89 074、 53−53
355、 53−53356)。The present inventors have already proposed a technology for converting thermal energy into mechanical energy using metal hydrides as a non-polluting fuel engine (Japanese Patent Application No. 51-89 074, 53-53
355, 53-53356).
この熱機関においては加熱媒体として液体を用いること
ができ、ボイラーにおけるような加熱媒体と変換系との
間の大きい温度降下は無い。In this heat engine a liquid can be used as the heating medium and there is no large temperature drop between the heating medium and the conversion system as in boilers.
しかも小さい温度差から大きい圧力差が得られるだめ低
質の廃熱を利用することができるなど金属水素{lmの
使用は多くの利点をもたらす。Furthermore, the use of metallic hydrogen {lm) brings many advantages, such as the ability to obtain a large pressure difference from a small temperature difference and the ability to utilize low-quality waste heat.
たとえばL a N i 5 H 6の場合、その平衡
水素圧は20℃で2.2atmであるが、200℃では
230a tm % 4 0 0℃では2300atm
, 566℃では6900atmである。For example, in the case of L a N i 5 H 6, its equilibrium hydrogen pressure is 2.2 atm at 20°C, but it is 230 atm at 200°C and 2300 atm at 400°C.
, 6900 atm at 566°C.
しかしながら、装置の安全性の観点からすれば、水素圧
約50atm程度が実際上の限度であり、La Ni
H の場5
合120℃が加熱媒体の最大使用温度とさぜるを得ない
。However, from the standpoint of device safety, the practical limit is about 50 atm of hydrogen pressure, and LaNi
In case of H, 120°C is the maximum operating temperature of the heating medium.
実際には、加熱媒体熱液として工場からの廃熱を利用す
る場合廃熱は300℃のものも600℃のものもあるの
で、これど120℃との間の温度は無駄なものとなり、
効率は低下する。In reality, when waste heat from a factory is used as a heating medium hot liquid, the waste heat may be 300°C or 600°C, so temperatures between 120°C and 120°C are wasted.
Efficiency decreases.
一方例えばM g 2 N i N4の場合には450
℃と250℃の間で使用しなければならず、冷却媒体と
して海水を用いる場合250℃と150℃との間の温度
差は利用できない。On the other hand, for example, in the case of M g 2 N i N4, 450
℃ and 250 ℃, and a temperature difference between 250 ℃ and 150 ℃ is not available when using sea water as the cooling medium.
本発明者等は、例えば比較的高温度の工場廃熱と海水と
の間のような大きい温度差をすべて利用し熱を効率よく
機械エネルギーに変換できるようなシステムを開発すべ
く鋭意研究した結果、異なった温度で等しい〒衡水素圧
を示す2種類以上の金属水素化物を使用することにより
この課題が達成できることを見出した。The present inventors have conducted intensive research to develop a system that can efficiently convert heat into mechanical energy by making full use of the large temperature difference, such as that between relatively high-temperature factory waste heat and seawater. have found that this task can be achieved by using two or more metal hydrides that exhibit equal equilibrated hydrogen pressures at different temperatures.
本発明によれば、n種類(nは2以上の整数)の金属水
素化物であって、それぞれ異ったn種の温度T ,T
,●●●Tnで互いにほほ等しいl2
平衡水素圧力PHを示し、且つそれぞれ異なったn種の
温度t1 ,t2●●●tn (ただしT〉t ≧T
″’>t @ * ●tn−I Tn)tn )で互
2 2 / 2
いにほぼ等しい平衡水素圧力P CただしPH〉L
PLである)を示す金属水素化物を、n種の密封反応室
からなる第1反応室群にそれぞt別々に収容して、熱媒
体を用いてそれぞれの金属水素化物?温度T1 ,T2
・・●Tnに保つことにより第1反応室群の各反応室に
水素圧PHを発生せしめるとともに、第1反応室群の反
応室を互いに並列に連結し、前記金属水素化物にそれぞ
れ対応するn種類の脱水素化金属をn個の反応室からな
る第2反応室群にそれぞれ別々に収容して、冷媒体を用
いてそれぞれの脱水素化金属を温度t1,t2・●・t
nに保つことにより、第2反応室群の各反応室が水素を
受けたとき水素を吸収して水素圧力PLを示すことを可
能ならしめるとともに、第2反応室群の反応室を互いに
並列に連結し、この際、温度1 .1 ・・●tn
−1での冷却に用い12
る冷媒体をそれぞれ温度T2 , T3 s・・・
Tnでの加熱に用いる熱媒体として用い、圧力差を駆動
源として連動可能な機械エネルギー発現手段に前記第1
及び第2反応室群間の圧力差PH−PLを与えることに
よシこれを駆動させることを特徴とする、熱エネルギー
を機械エネルギーに変換する方法が提供される。According to the present invention, n types (n is an integer of 2 or more) of metal hydrides, each having a different temperature T , T
,●●●Tn, which show l2 equilibrium hydrogen pressure PH that is almost equal to each other, and n different temperatures t1, t2●●●tn (however, T〉t ≧T
Metal hydrides exhibiting nearly equal equilibrium hydrogen pressures P C (where PH>L PL) with Each metal hydride is housed separately in a first reaction chamber group consisting of T1 and T2 using a heating medium.
...●Tn is maintained to generate hydrogen pressure PH in each reaction chamber of the first reaction chamber group, and the reaction chambers of the first reaction chamber group are connected in parallel to each other, and the n corresponding to the metal hydride is Different types of dehydrogenation metals are stored separately in a second reaction chamber group consisting of n reaction chambers, and each dehydrogenation metal is heated to a temperature of t1, t2, ●, or t using a cooling medium.
By keeping the temperature n, when each reaction chamber of the second reaction chamber group receives hydrogen, it is possible to absorb hydrogen and exhibit hydrogen pressure PL, and the reaction chambers of the second reaction chamber group are arranged in parallel with each other. At this time, the temperature is 1. 1...●tn
-1, the refrigerant used for cooling at temperature T2, T3 s...
The above-mentioned first
A method for converting thermal energy into mechanical energy is provided, characterized in that the reaction chambers are driven by applying a pressure difference PH-PL between the second reaction chamber group and the second reaction chamber group.
以下本発明を図面によシ詳細に説明する。The present invention will be explained in detail below with reference to the drawings.
第1図は、本発明による熱〜機械エネルギー変換システ
ムの原理説明図であって、金属水素化物MA HX s
MB H y , M C Hzの3種を用いた例を
示す。FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of the principle of the thermal-mechanical energy conversion system according to the present invention, in which metal hydride MA HX s
An example using three types of MB H y and MC Hz will be shown.
MAHX/I′i温度T及びt1でそれぞれ平衡水素圧
力PHおよびPLを示し、MBHYは温度T2及びt2
でそれぞれPH及びPLの平衡水素圧力を示し、MOH
zは温度T3 及びt3 でそれぞれ平衡水素圧力P
H及びPLを示す金属水素化物であって、この際T1〉
t1≧T2 ”’> j 2≧T3 > t3の関係が
成立するよう適宜選択される。MAHX/I'i indicates equilibrium hydrogen pressure PH and PL at temperatures T and t1, respectively, and MBHY represents temperature T2 and t2.
denote the equilibrium hydrogen pressure of PH and PL, respectively, and MOH
z is the equilibrium hydrogen pressure P at temperatures T3 and t3, respectively.
A metal hydride exhibiting H and PL, in which case T1>
It is appropriately selected so that the relationship t1≧T2 ''> j 2≧T3 > t3 holds true.
これらの金属水素化物はそれぞれ密封反応室R s R
3 * R5に収容されている。These metal hydrides are each placed in a sealed reaction chamber R s R
3 * Housed in R5.
R2 s R4tR6ぱMAHX−MBHy sMC
Hzにそれぞれ対応する脱水素化金属M A*MB ,
MOが収容される密封反応室である。R2 s R4tR6 PA MAHX-MBHy sMC
Dehydrogenation metal M A*MB corresponding to Hz,
This is a sealed reaction chamber containing MO.
反応室R ,R3,R5ぱ互いに並列に連結され、王立
伝達管1により切換弁2に結合され、一方反応室R2
s R4 *R6 も同様に互いに並列に連結され、
圧力伝達管3により切換弁2に結合されている。The reaction chambers R, R3, and R5 are connected in parallel to each other and connected to the switching valve 2 by a royal transmission pipe 1, while the reaction chamber R2
s R4 *R6 are also connected in parallel to each other,
It is connected to the switching valve 2 by a pressure transmission pipe 3.
切換弁2は反応室群Rs R3 s R5及び反応室群
R2 s R4 s R6を交互に全体を4で示す機械
エネルギー発現手段に連通させるだめのものである。The switching valve 2 is used to alternately connect the reaction chamber groups Rs R3 s R5 and the reaction chamber groups R2 s R4 s R6 to a mechanical energy generating means generally indicated by 4.
図示の例では機械エネルギー発現手段として、ピストン
とはずみ車を組合せたもの?用いられる。In the illustrated example, the mechanical energy generating means is a combination of a piston and a flywheel? used.
即ち切換弁2は、ピストンシリンダー5に連通され、ピ
ストン6ははずみ車7にクランク軸8を介して連結され
、ピストン6の往復動作によりはずみ車7ぱ7駆動され
る。That is, the switching valve 2 is communicated with a piston cylinder 5, the piston 6 is connected to a flywheel 7 via a crankshaft 8, and the flywheel 7 is driven by the reciprocating movement of the piston 6.
尚、切換弁2/I″i図示しない。Note that the switching valve 2/I''i is not shown.
ピストンの上及び下死点位置検出手段により切換動作を
行う。The switching operation is performed by means for detecting the top and bottom dead center positions of the piston.
即ち、ピストン6が上及び下死点に至ると、これを上記
検出手段が検出し、その出力に応じ、切換弁は作動して
、反応室群R1 s R 3 x R 5 又はR
2 * R4 x R6をピストンシリンダー5と連
通させる。That is, when the piston 6 reaches the top and bottom dead centers, the detection means detects this, and according to the output thereof, the switching valve is operated, and the reaction chamber group R1 s R 3 x R 5 or R
2*R4 x R6 are communicated with the piston cylinder 5.
さて、反応室Rは温度THを有する高温熱源(たとえば
工場廃熱)により加熱され、MAHXは温度T1に保た
れる。Now, the reaction chamber R is heated by a high temperature heat source (for example, factory waste heat) having a temperature TH, and MAHX is maintained at a temperature T1.
その結果MAHXは熱量Q1を吸収して、 22 −MAHX→−MA+H2 X X なる反応を起しPHの水素圧を発生する。As a result, MAHX absorbs the amount of heat Q1, 22 -MAHX→-MA+H2 XX A reaction occurs and hydrogen pressure of PH is generated.
一方、反応室R2は温度TAを有する蓄熱槽9内の媒体
によシ冷却され、MAは温度tに保たれる。On the other hand, reaction chamber R2 is cooled by the medium in heat storage tank 9 having temperature TA, and MA is maintained at temperature t.
その結果MA.はPHの圧の水素存在下では熱量Q2を
放出し、
2
一MA+H2→一MAHX
X X
なる反応を起しP H − P Lに相当する圧の水素
を吸収することができも
反応室R3は蓄熱槽9の熱媒体によシ加熱され、MBH
Yは温度T2に保たれる。As a result, MA. In the presence of hydrogen at a pressure of PH, it releases heat Q2, causing the reaction 2 - MA + H2 → - MAHX Heated by the heat medium in the heat storage tank 9, MBH
Y is maintained at temperature T2.
そして熱量Q′2を吸収しMBとなシこのときPHの水
素圧を発生する。Then, when it absorbs the amount of heat Q'2 and becomes MB, a hydrogen pressure of PH is generated.
一方反応室R4は蓄熱槽10中の温度TBを有する媒体
により冷却されてMBH温度t2に保たれPHの水素圧
下では熱量Q3を放出しMBHYとな’)PH−PLに
相当する水素圧を吸収することができる。On the other hand, the reaction chamber R4 is cooled by a medium having a temperature TB in the heat storage tank 10 and is maintained at the MBH temperature t2, and under the hydrogen pressure of PH, it releases the heat amount Q3 and absorbs the hydrogen pressure corresponding to PH-PL. can do.
また、反応室R5は蓄熱槽10中の媒体によシ加熱を受
けMOHZは温度T3に保たれ、熱量Q’3を吸収しM
cとなシ、P Hの水素圧を発生する。In addition, the reaction chamber R5 is heated by the medium in the heat storage tank 10, and the MOHZ is maintained at the temperature T3, absorbs the amount of heat Q'3, and is heated by the medium in the heat storage tank 10.
C and Nashi generate hydrogen pressure of PH.
反応室R6は温度TLを有する熱源(例えば海水〕によ
シ冷却され、Mcは温度t3に保たれ、PHの水素圧下
では熱量Q4を放出してMcHZとなシ、PH−PLに
相当する水素圧を吸収することができる。The reaction chamber R6 is cooled by a heat source (for example, seawater) having a temperature TL, and Mc is maintained at a temperature t3, and under the hydrogen pressure of PH, it releases a heat amount Q4 and becomes McHZ, which is hydrogen corresponding to PH-PL. Can absorb pressure.
尚、T2=t1 及びT3=t2カ≦成り立つような
金属水素化物を使用し、且つ蓄熱槽9,10の媒体が液
体であれば、T2=t=TAであり、T3=t2=TB
である。Furthermore, if a metal hydride is used such that T2=t1 and T3=t2≦ and the medium of the heat storage tanks 9 and 10 is liquid, then T2=t=TA and T3=t2=TB.
It is.
この場合Q2 =Qイ,Q3?Q3′であり蓄熱槽9,
10の断熱をよくすることにより、外部から加熱又は冷
却を行わなくても、媒体をそれぞれTA s T Bの
温度に保つことができる。In this case Q2 = Qi, Q3? Q3′ and heat storage tank 9,
By improving the insulation of 10, the medium can be maintained at a temperature of TA s T B, respectively, without external heating or cooling.
以上の,ごとく金属水素化物及び金属を温度制御するこ
とにより、金属水素化物M A H x s MBHy
sMCHZは加熱される温度がT s T2 s T
3の如く異っていても発生する水素の圧力はすべてPH
であり、反応室R1 s R2 s R3を並列に連結
することができる。By controlling the temperature of the metal hydride and metal as described above, the metal hydride M A H x s MBHy
The temperature at which sMCHZ is heated is T s T2 s T
Even if the pressure is different as shown in 3, the pressure of hydrogen generated is all PH.
The reaction chambers R1 s R2 s R3 can be connected in parallel.
まだ金属M A t M B s M Cは連結するこ
とができる。Still metal M A t M B s MC can be linked.
また金属M A I M B sMCは冷却される温度
がそれぞれt ,t2,t3と異っていても吸収できる
水素圧力は等しく反応室R2 s R4 t R6を
並列に連結することができる。Further, even if the metal M A I M B sMC is cooled at different temperatures t, t2, and t3, the hydrogen pressure it can absorb is the same, and the reaction chambers R2, R4, and R6 can be connected in parallel.
このような構成の勢エネルギーを機械エネルギーに変換
するシステムは次の如く運転される。A system configured as described above for converting force energy into mechanical energy is operated as follows.
ピストン6が図示の実線の如く上死点にあるとき切換弁
2が反応室R, R2 , R3 (第1反応室群〕を
ピストンシリンダー5と連通させる位置にあれば、第1
反応室群に生じる圧PHはシリンダー内に伝達され、ピ
ストン6を下降させる。When the piston 6 is at the top dead center as shown by the solid line in the figure, if the switching valve 2 is in a position to communicate the reaction chambers R, R2, R3 (first reaction chamber group) with the piston cylinder 5, the first
The pressure PH generated in the reaction chamber group is transmitted into the cylinder and causes the piston 6 to descend.
ピストン6が図示の点線の如く下死点に達したとき切換
弁2を切換え、反応室R2 sR4 sR6 C第2反
応室群)とピストンシリンダー5とを連通させると、シ
リンダー内の水素は第2反応室群の金属に吸収されシリ
ンダー内の圧はPLまで下がりその結果ピストン6は上
昇する。When the piston 6 reaches the bottom dead center as shown by the dotted line in the figure, the switching valve 2 is switched to connect the reaction chambers R2, sR4, sR6 (second reaction chamber group) and the piston cylinder 5. It is absorbed by the metal in the reaction chamber group, and the pressure inside the cylinder drops to PL, and as a result, the piston 6 rises.
このようにして切換弁2によりピストンシリンダー5を
第1及び第2反応室群に交互に連通させることにより、
ピストンは往復運動を行い、その結果はずみ車7を駆動
させることができる。In this way, by alternately communicating the piston cylinder 5 with the first and second reaction chamber groups by the switching valve 2,
The piston performs a reciprocating motion so that the flywheel 7 can be driven.
本発明によれば、温度THの熱源の熱を反応室R1 に
与えるだけで、熱はカスケード式に次々とR3 sR
5の加熱R2*R4の冷却に利用された後最後に温度T
Lの熱源に棄てられ、THとTL間の温度差をすべて有
効に機械エネルギーに変換することができる。According to the present invention, by simply applying heat from a heat source at temperature TH to reaction chamber R1, the heat is transferred one after another in a cascade manner to R3 sR.
After being used for heating R2*R4 of 5 and cooling, the temperature T
The entire temperature difference between TH and TL can be effectively converted into mechanical energy.
上記した如き熱エネルギーの機械エネルギーへの変換シ
ステムは、第1反応室群の金属水素化物が反応を終了し
水素圧PHをもはや示すことができなくなり、及び/又
は第2反応室群の金属が水素吸収反応を終了し水素圧P
Lを示すことができなくなるまで(即ち、第1反応室群
と第2反応室?との圧力差がなくなるまで)運転される
。The system for converting thermal energy into mechanical energy as described above is such that the metal hydride in the first reaction chamber group has completed its reaction and can no longer exhibit hydrogen pressure PH, and/or the metal in the second reaction chamber group has After completing the hydrogen absorption reaction, the hydrogen pressure P
The operation is continued until L can no longer be exhibited (that is, until the pressure difference between the first reaction chamber group and the second reaction chamber group disappears).
その後は、反応室R1をt2 に、R2をTに、R3を
t2に、R4をT2に、R5をt3にそしてR6をT3
にそれぞれ保つように温度制御を切換えれば、反応室R
2* R4 sR6が水素発生側、反応室R* R 3
s R 5が水素吸収側として作動する。After that, the reaction chamber R1 is set to t2, R2 is set to T, R3 is set to t2, R4 is set to T2, R5 is set to t3, and R6 is set to T3.
If the temperature control is changed to maintain each of the reaction chamber R
2* R4 sR6 is hydrogen generation side, reaction chamber R* R 3
s R 5 operates as a hydrogen absorption side.
しかし、実際には、規定温度に達するまで時間を要しそ
の間機械エネルギーを取シ出すことはできない。However, in reality, it takes time to reach the specified temperature, and mechanical energy cannot be extracted during that time.
従って、長時間の連続運転を行うために、上記したよう
な変換システムをもう1組用意して、一方が反応を行っ
ている間に他方を予熱もしぐは予冷しておき圧力差がな
くなったとき他方に切換えることを繰返すようにすれば
よい。Therefore, in order to operate continuously for a long time, we prepared another set of conversion systems as described above, and while one reacted, the other was preheated or precooled to eliminate the pressure difference. What is necessary is to repeatedly switch to the other mode.
第2図i , ii , iii ,ivは上記エネル
ギー変換システムの2組を使用して高温熱源T1と低温
熱源T4とからタービンとダイナモを用いて連続的に電
気エネルギーを発生させる方法を時間を追って示したも
のである。Figure 2 i, ii, iii, iv shows a method of continuously generating electrical energy using a turbine and a dynamo from a high temperature heat source T1 and a low temperature heat source T4 using two sets of the above energy conversion systems over time. This is what is shown.
第2図1において、水素ガスにより駆動されるタービン
とダイナモが中央部にあり、実線は水の導管を、矢印は
ガスの流れる方向を示す。In FIG. 2, a turbine and a dynamo driven by hydrogen gas are located in the center, solid lines indicate water conduits, and arrows indicate the direction of gas flow.
図の左側の系がタービンに結合されて作動中でシ、右側
は予熱段階にある。The system on the left side of the diagram is connected to the turbine and is in operation, while the system on the right side is in the preheating stage.
左側の系において、高温熱源T1からの加熱媒体は2重
線で示される啼によDMAHxをおさめた反応室をT1
に保持しながら、反応熱Q1を与える。In the system on the left, the heating medium from the high-temperature heat source T1 passes through the reaction chamber containing DMAHx through the double line indicated by T1.
The reaction heat Q1 is given while maintaining the temperature at .
発生したPHの高圧水素は矢印の導管によシタービンに
導ひかれ、T2に保持されたMAをおさめた反応室に戻
される。The generated high-pressure hydrogen with PH is led to the siturbine through the conduit shown by the arrow, and returned to the reaction chamber containing the MA held at T2.
MAはPLの水素ガスをT2で吸収し、Q2の熱を発生
する。MA absorbs hydrogen gas from PL at T2 and generates heat at Q2.
T2の蓄熱槽からの熱媒体は同時にMBHYをおさめた
反応室をも環流しており、MBHYにQ2の熱を与えて
PHの高圧水素を発生する。The heat medium from the heat storage tank T2 is also circulating through the reaction chamber containing MBHY at the same time, giving heat Q2 to MBHY and generating high pressure hydrogen of PH.
この水素はMAHXからの水素の圧力と等しいので混合
されタービンへ導かれる。This hydrogen is mixed and directed to the turbine as it is equal to the pressure of the hydrogen from the MAHX.
このようにして高温熱源からのQ1の熱は系の内部を移
動しつつ機械エネルギーへ変換されてゆき、最後に残っ
たQの熱がT4の低温熱源に放出される。In this way, the heat of Q1 from the high temperature heat source is converted into mechanical energy while moving inside the system, and finally the remaining heat of Q is released to the low temperature heat source of T4.
このとき得られる最大の変換効率はカルノーのT1−T
4
式から×100係である。The maximum conversion efficiency obtained at this time is Carnot's T1-T
4 From the equation, it is the factor of x100.
T1
右側の図の水素の導管は2個のバルブにより、タービン
とダイナモから切離されており、各々の反応容器は高温
裂源T1 ,T2とT3の蓄熱槽およびT4の低温熱源
からの熱媒体によりそれぞれの温度に予熱及び予熱され
ていて、左側の系の反応が終了するまで待機している。T1 The hydrogen conduit shown in the diagram on the right is separated from the turbine and dynamo by two valves, and each reactor vessel is connected to a heat transfer medium from the hot crack source T1, the heat storage tanks T2 and T3, and the cold heat source T4. They are preheated and preheated to their respective temperatures and are waiting until the reaction in the left system is completed.
この場合反応熱を必要としないので熱媒体の流路におけ
る熱の流れを示す矢印になく水素ガスの流れを示す矢印
もない。In this case, since reaction heat is not required, there are no arrows indicating the flow of heat in the heat medium flow path and no arrows indicating the flow of hydrogen gas.
第2図11は左側の変換システムの反応が終了してター
ビンから切離され、予熱予冷が行なわれている一方、右
側のシステムによりタービンが駆動されている状態を示
している。FIG. 2 11 shows a state in which the conversion system on the left side has completed its reaction and is separated from the turbine and is being preheated and precooled, while the turbine is being driven by the system on the right side.
さらに第2図iii,ivを系由してこの変換サイクル
は完結し、再度第2図1へ戻る。Further, this conversion cycle is completed through steps iii and iv in FIG. 2, and the process returns to FIG. 2 1 again.
このシステムを使用すればT1の高温熱源とT4の低温
熱源さえあれば何らの部品を消耗することなく機械エネ
ルギー又は電気エネルギーを長期にわたり増出すことが
可能となる。Using this system, it is possible to increase mechanical energy or electrical energy over a long period of time without consuming any parts as long as there is a high temperature heat source of T1 and a low temperature heat source of T4.
以上、本発明の方法を3種の金属水素化物を用いた例に
ついて説明したが、2種類又は4種類もしくはそれ以上
の金属水素化物及びそれに対応する金属を用いることが
できる。Although the method of the present invention has been described above with respect to an example using three types of metal hydrides, two, four or more types of metal hydrides and their corresponding metals can be used.
実際に使用する金属水素化物の種類及び数は、各種の金
属水素化物のアルレニウスプロット(温度(絶対温度の
逆数と平衡水素圧力(対数)との関係)により適宜決定
できる。The type and number of metal hydrides actually used can be appropriately determined based on the Arrhenius plot (relationship between temperature (reciprocal of absolute temperature and equilibrium hydrogen pressure (logarithm)) of various metal hydrides.
即ち、得られる熱源温度(TH及びTL)、効率ならび
に必要なPH−PL値を考慮して、適宜決定すればよい
。That is, it may be determined as appropriate, taking into consideration the heat source temperature (TH and TL), efficiency, and required PH-PL value.
例えば2種類の金属水素化物を使用する場合には、高温
側( MA HX )のものとしてはMg2 NiH4
+TI COHsZrMn2H2CaNi5 H6な
どが、低温側( M B H y )のものとしてはC
a Ni5 H6 sLaNi5H6 s F e
T ] Hz T iMn15 H2 *L a C
05 H3などが例として挙げることができそれぞれの
中から適当な1種を選ぶとよい。For example, when using two types of metal hydrides, the one on the high temperature side (MA HX) is Mg2 NiH4.
+TI COHsZrMn2H2CaNi5 H6 etc., but as for the low temperature side (MBH y), C
a Ni5 H6 sLaNi5H6 s Fe
T ] Hz T iMn15 H2 *L a C
Examples include 05 H3, and it is best to choose an appropriate one from each.
また3種の金属水素化物を使用する例としては、高温用
MAHXとしてMg 2 Ni H4 * Mg C
u2 H2など、中温用のMBHYとしてTiCoH
sZrMn2H2sLaCo5H3 sPdHなど、
及び低温用McHZとしてC a N i5 H4sN
i5 H 51TiMn15H25* FeTiH,
LaNi5 H6などが使用でき適宜組合せて使用する
。Further, as an example of using three types of metal hydrides, Mg 2 Ni H 4 * Mg C as a high temperature MAHX
TiCoH as MBHY for medium temperature such as u2 H2
sZrMn2H2sLaCo5H3 sPdH, etc.
and C a N i5 H4sN as McHZ for low temperature
i5 H 51TiMn15H25* FeTiH,
LaNi5 H6, etc. can be used and used in appropriate combination.
また、以上の説明では反応室を固定しこれにヤケット等
を設けて熱又は冷媒体を循環し温度制を行ったが、これ
に限らず熱又は冷媒体を固定媒体中に反応室を浸漬せし
めてもよい。In addition, in the above explanation, the reaction chamber is fixed and a jacket or the like is provided to circulate the heat or cooling medium to control the temperature. However, the present invention is not limited to this. It's okay.
更に、?械エネルギー発現手段としてはピストンに限ら
ず、圧力差を駆動源として駆動することができるもので
あれば任意のものが適用される。Furthermore? The mechanical energy generating means is not limited to a piston, but any means that can be driven using a pressure difference as a drive source can be used.
実施例
密封耐圧容器R 1 s R 3 s R5 にM
g 2 N i H 41557、TiCoH166f
、及びL a N i 5 H 67101をそれぞれ
粉砕して収容し、密封耐圧容器R 2 s R 4 s
R6にMgNi 1 5 0グ、 Ti Co160
f,及びLaNj5 7 0 0 ?をそれぞれ粉細し
で収容した。Example sealed pressure container R 1 s R 3 s R5 M
g 2 N i H 41557, TiCoH166f
, and L a N i 5 H 67101 are crushed and housed in a sealed pressure-resistant container R 2 s R 4 s
MgNi 150g, TiCo160 for R6
f, and LaNj5 7 0 0? Each was contained in fine powder.
容器R1を450℃の硝酸ナトリウムの塩バス中に入れ
、容器R2及びR3を250℃のオイルバス中に、容器
R゛4及びR5を130℃のオイルバス中に、及び容器
R6を15℃の水中にそれぞれ浸漬させた。Container R1 was placed in a sodium nitrate salt bath at 450°C, containers R2 and R3 were placed in a 250°C oil bath, containers R4 and R5 were placed in a 130°C oil bath, and container R6 was placed in a 15°C oil bath. Each was immersed in water.
容器R,R3,R5を互いに並列に連結し−、一方容器
R2,R4,R6 を互いに並列に連結し、それぞれの
組を第1図に示したように切換弁を介し、直径20馴の
ピストンシリンダーに交互に連通させピストンを駆動さ
せた。Containers R, R3, R5 are connected in parallel with each other, while containers R2, R4, R6 are connected in parallel with each other, and each set is connected to a piston with a diameter of 20 mm through a switching valve as shown in FIG. The cylinders were alternately communicated with each other to drive the pistons.
はずみ車には直流発動機を接続しこれを駆動させた。A DC motor was connected to the flywheel to drive it.
R1 * R3 s R5側の水素圧は4 8 a
tm % R2 * R4 s R6側の水素圧は2
atmであった。R1 * R3 s The hydrogen pressure on the R5 side is 4 8 a
tm % R2 * R4 s Hydrogen pressure on R6 side is 2
It was an ATM.
このときの理論変換効率は60.1係であシ、本実施例
で得られる変換効率は28係であった。The theoretical conversion efficiency at this time was 60.1 times, and the conversion efficiency obtained in this example was 28 times.
第1図は本発明の方法を実施するだめの装置の原理説明
図及び第2図は本発明の方法を連続的に行うだめの装置
である。
R1〜R6・・・反応室、2・・・切換弁、5・・・ピ
ストンシリンダー、6・・・ピストン、7・・・はずみ
車、9,10・・・蓄熱槽、12・・・切換弁。FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the principle of an apparatus for carrying out the method of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is an illustration of an apparatus for continuously carrying out the method of the present invention. R1 to R6... Reaction chamber, 2... Switching valve, 5... Piston cylinder, 6... Piston, 7... Flywheel, 9, 10... Heat storage tank, 12... Switching valve .
Claims (1)
て、それぞれ異ったn種の温度T1,T2.●●Tnで
互いにほぼ等しい平衡水素圧力PHを示し、且つそれぞ
れ異ったn種の温度t1,t2・・・tn(ただしT1
) j ’i≧T2≧t2・・・t n − t≧T
n>tnである)で互いにほぼ等しい平衡水素圧力PL
(ただしPH>PLである)を示す金属水素化物を、n
個の密封反応室からなる第一反応室群にそれぞれ別々に
収容して、熱媒体を用いてそれぞれの金属水素化物を温
度T1 ,T2s・・・Tnに保つことにより第1反応
室群の各反応室に水素圧PHを発生せしめるとともに、
第1反応室群の反株室を互いに並列に連結し、前?金属
水素化物にそれぞれ対応するn種類の脱水素化金属をn
個の反応室からなる第2反応室群にそれぞれ別々に収容
して、冷媒体を用いてそれぞれの脱水素化金属を温度t
,t2 ・・・tnに保つことにより、第2反応室群
の各反応室が水素を受けたとき水素を吸収して水素圧力
PLを示すことを可能ならしめるとともに、第2反応室
群の反応室を互いに並列に連結し、この際、温度tエ,
t2・・・・・tn−1での冷却に用いる冷媒体をそれ
ぞれ温度T2 t T3 *・・・Tnでの加熱に
用いる熱媒体として用い、圧力差を駆動源として運動可
能な機械エネルギー発現手段に前記第1及び第2反応室
群間の圧力差PH−PLを与えることによりこれを1駆
動させることを特徴とする、熱エネルギーを機械エネル
ギーに変換する方法。 2 前肥機械エネルギー発現手段がピストンとピストン
シリンダーまたはタービン等を含むものであって、ピス
トンシリンダー内またはタービン内を前記第1及び第2
反応室群と交互に連通せしめることによシこれを駆動さ
せる、特許請求の範囲第1項記載の方法。[Scope of Claims] 1 n types of metal hydrides (n is an integer of 2 or more), each exhibiting approximately the same equilibrium hydrogen pressure PH at different n types of temperatures T1, T2.●●Tn. , and n different temperatures t1, t2...tn (however, T1
) j 'i≧T2≧t2...t n - t≧T
n > tn) and the equilibrium hydrogen pressures PL are approximately equal to each other.
(however, PH>PL), a metal hydride with n
Each metal hydride in the first reaction chamber group is housed separately in a first reaction chamber group consisting of sealed reaction chambers, and each metal hydride in the first reaction chamber group is kept at a temperature of T1, T2s...Tn using a heat medium. While generating hydrogen pressure PH in the reaction chamber,
The anti-seed chambers of the first reaction chamber group are connected in parallel to each other, and the front? n types of dehydrogenation metals corresponding to metal hydrides respectively
The dehydrogenation metals are individually housed in a second reaction chamber group consisting of two reaction chambers, and each dehydrogenation metal is heated to a temperature t using a cooling medium.
, t2 ... tn, when each reaction chamber of the second reaction chamber group receives hydrogen, it is possible to absorb hydrogen and exhibit hydrogen pressure PL, and the reaction of the second reaction chamber group is The chambers are connected in parallel with each other, at temperatures t,
Mechanical energy generating means that can move using a pressure difference as a driving source, using the cooling medium used for cooling at t2...tn-1 as a heating medium for heating at temperatures T2 t T3 *...Tn, respectively. A method for converting thermal energy into mechanical energy, characterized in that the first and second reaction chamber groups are driven once by applying a pressure difference PH-PL between the first and second reaction chamber groups. 2. The fore-fertilization mechanical energy generating means includes a piston, a piston cylinder, a turbine, etc., and the inside of the piston cylinder or the turbine is
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the reaction chambers are driven by being alternately communicated with the groups of reaction chambers.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP9851780A JPS597032B2 (en) | 1980-07-17 | 1980-07-17 | How to convert thermal energy into mechanical energy |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP9851780A JPS597032B2 (en) | 1980-07-17 | 1980-07-17 | How to convert thermal energy into mechanical energy |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPS5724459A JPS5724459A (en) | 1982-02-09 |
JPS597032B2 true JPS597032B2 (en) | 1984-02-16 |
Family
ID=14221836
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP9851780A Expired JPS597032B2 (en) | 1980-07-17 | 1980-07-17 | How to convert thermal energy into mechanical energy |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS597032B2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS63194198U (en) * | 1987-06-03 | 1988-12-14 | ||
JPH0586509U (en) * | 1992-05-01 | 1993-11-22 | 通信興業株式会社 | Quantitative mixing device for powder and granular materials for plastics |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0842766B1 (en) * | 1995-07-06 | 2000-09-13 | Showa Entetsu Co., Ltd., | Clad material |
-
1980
- 1980-07-17 JP JP9851780A patent/JPS597032B2/en not_active Expired
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS63194198U (en) * | 1987-06-03 | 1988-12-14 | ||
JPH0586509U (en) * | 1992-05-01 | 1993-11-22 | 通信興業株式会社 | Quantitative mixing device for powder and granular materials for plastics |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS5724459A (en) | 1982-02-09 |
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