RU2165029C1 - Anaerobic composite power plant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: thermal engineering; power plants for atmosphere-isolated loads. SUBSTANCE: exhaust gases of engine 1 are converted into mixture of inert filler (nitrogen) and fuel (hydrogen) as result of exothermic reaction with alkali-earth metal. This mixture possesses high thermodynamic potential and is supplied to heater 6 of Wulemier-Takonis machine 12 thereby ensuring thermodynamic cycle to obtain useful refrigerating capacity. Gas mixture (nitrogen and hydrogen) is cooled down in cooler 7 and passed to engine starting system. Power plant is equipped with Stirling engine 22 depending for its operation on heat stored in solid-phase accumulator 3 communicating with heater 23 of Stirling engine 22 through heat pipe 24. Electric generator 25 is mounted on same shaft as Stirling engine 22. EFFECT: reduced space requirement for heat-storage materials, enhanced engine efficiency, reduced cost of oxidizer storage and additional power generation. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of power engineering and can be used as an energy refrigerating system for objects operating without any connection with the atmosphere, for example, for special fortifications and submarines.

 A device of the Stirling engine is known, consisting of a heater, a regenerator, a refrigerator and a piston group (Batyrev A.N., Koshevarov V.D., Leikin O.Yu. Ship nuclear power plants of foreign countries. - St. Petersburg: Shipbuilding, 1994, p. 205).

 A device is known for a heat pipe designed to transfer thermal energy (Nuclear Power Plants. Ed. By Acad. NA Dollezhal. M: Energoatomizdat, 1983, p. 244).

 The device of the Wulemier-Taconis machine is known, which is a mechanically closed system consisting of a refrigerating machine and an engine, the latter developing such power as is needed for the refrigerating machine. The cycle is carried out by supplying heat from an external source. As the working fluid, substances are used that do not destroy the ozone layer, for example, helium, air, etc. However, for the effective implementation of the machine’s working cycle, it is necessary that the heat supplied to the machine has a sufficiently high thermodynamic potential (Arkhipov A.M., Marfenina I.V., Mikulin E.I. Theory and calculation of cryogenic systems. M.: Mechanical engineering 1978, p. 305).

A known method of producing an artificial gas mixture and increase the thermodynamic potential of the exhaust medium of a diesel power plant operating in a closed cycle for objects without a connection to the atmosphere. The essence of this method is the oxidation of metal by oxygen from the composition of carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) at high temperature with the release of a significant amount of heat, which allows you to get additional useful work in another heat engine, such as a gas turbine. The disadvantage of these power plants is that in the absence of communication with the atmosphere, significant volumes of material media inside the facility are required for their functioning (Description of the invention to RF patent N 2013588).

It is known to oxidize an alkaline earth metal of magnesium in oxygen, in dry and moist air, in carbon dioxide. A known method of producing hydrogen as a result of the interaction of an alkaline earth magnesium metal with water vapor by the reaction Mg + H ₂ O = MgO + H ₂ at a temperature of T = 425-575 ^o C (Oxidation of metals / Ed. Ed. J. Benard. Translation from French. - M.: Metallurgy, 1969.- T. 2, p. 314-327).

 The chemical properties of magnesium nitride and the reactions of its interaction with water vapor, dioxide and carbon monoxide at high temperatures are known (Samsonov G.V., Kulik O.P., Polishchuk V.S. Production and methods of analysis of nitrides. - Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1978, pp. 213-214).

 A known method of organizing the working process of a diesel engine using hydrogen fuel is to increase the efficiency of a diesel engine and reduce the concentration of harmful exhaust components, in which hydrogen is directly injected into the combustion chamber at the end of a compression stroke under a pressure of 8 MPa using a special nozzle. To ignite the mixture, a ceramic glow plug with a built-in tungsten electric heater is used. The electric heater is switched on in diesel start-up and warm-up modes; in other modes, the candle provides a temperature of 1170-1270 K due to the heat released during fuel combustion (A. Mishchenko // Automotive Industry, 1986, No. 11, pp. 8-10).

Autonomous stationary energy-refrigerating systems for objects operating without any connection with the atmosphere are known, which are a structurally functional combination of a direct cycle converter (PPC) and a reverse cycle converter (POC) and intended for the joint production of electric energy and cold due to the energy of a high-temperature heat source. Energy-refrigerating systems can be created on the basis of various types of converters, with PPC used to produce electrical energy, and POC to produce cold. For the normal functioning of the PPC and POC, it is necessary to remove heat from them (laws 1 and 2 of thermodynamics), and due to the lack of communication with the atmosphere, this low-grade heat must be accumulated and stored inside the object. Therefore, the cooling of the transducers is carried out due to the heat-accumulating substance (TAB), which is water, at a temperature of about +4 ^o C, which necessitates the creation of storages with large volumes for cold water and water that accumulated the heat from the transducers. The disadvantage is that although the structural and functional combination of PPC and POC allows you to reduce the consumption of surfactants by switching the cold water supply schemes to the refrigerators of the converters, in this case, too, the reserves of surfactants make up a significant percentage of the volume of the facility as a whole, which leads to a high cost construction of facilities of this type (Grishutin M.M., Sevastyanov A.P. Theory and methods of calculating autonomous energy-refrigerating plants. M .: Izd. MEI, 1992. - 240 p.).

 A well-known schematic diagram of an energy-refrigerating system containing a closed-cycle diesel power plant using synthesis gas, with a chemical reactor and an alkaline earth metal oxide solid phase accumulator, a Wulemier-Taconis machine, which is operated by the heat of the exhaust gas of a diesel engine, is open loop with a cryogenic oxidizing agent (RF Patent N 2088864. Bull. N 24 from 08.27.97). However, long-term storage of a cryogenic oxidizing agent requires significant costs for recondensation of the oxidizer vapor or leads to its loss, and the operation of a diesel engine on synthesis gas leads to a decrease in efficiency.

 The technical result that can be obtained by carrying out the invention is to reduce the volume of TAB storages, increase the efficiency of a diesel engine, reduce the cost of storing an oxidizer, and obtain additional electric energy.

 To achieve this technical result, the anaerobic combined power plant, which includes a closed loop diesel power plant with a chemical reactor, a solid phase drive of alkaline earth metal oxides and a Wulemier-Taconis machine, which is operated by the heat of the exhaust gas of a diesel engine, is equipped with a Stirling engine, whose work is carried out for account of the heat accumulated in the solid phase storage device, wherein the storage device is connected through a heat pipe to the engine heater a ring, which is connected to the electric generator by one shaft, a gaseous oxidizer-oxygen circuit, a gaseous nitrogen circuit, and a hydrogen gas circuit, and hydrogen-containing fuel is generated in a closed loop diesel power plant.

 The introduction of the Stirling engine into the anaerobic combined power plant, connected with the solid phase accumulator of alkaline earth metal oxide through a heat pipe, gaseous circuits of oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen, allows to obtain a new property, which consists in the possibility of long-term storage of gaseous oxidizer (oxygen) without losses, eliminating devices for the condensation of a vapor of liquid oxygen, as well as increasing the efficiency of a diesel engine through the use of hydrogen-containing fuel and obtaining additional e electric energy.

 The drawing shows an anaerobic combined power plant.

 The combined power plant includes a closed-cycle diesel power plant consisting of diesel 1, reactor 2 with a solid-phase drive 3, a hopper with alkaline earth metal 4, a separator 5, a cooler 7, a mixer 8, as well as a storage tank for process water and condensate collection 9, a pump for supplying industrial water 10 and a shut-off and control valve 11, a Wulemier-Taconis machine 12 connected to a closed-loop diesel power plant through a heater 6, an open loop of gaseous nitrogen, which includes a storage container 13 and a shut-off-control valve 14, an open loop of hydrogen gas that includes a storage tank 15 and a shut-off-control valve 16, an open loop of gaseous oxygen, which includes a storage tank 17, shut-off valves 18 and 20, gearboxes (pressure regulators) 19 and 21, a Stirling engine 22 connected through a heater 23 and a heat pipe 24 to a solid phase storage device 3. An electric generator 25 is located on one shaft with a Stirling engine 22.

 Anaerobic combined power plant operates as follows.

 Previously, before the object starts operating in a mode without communication with the atmosphere, the necessary (calculated) amount of gaseous products - nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, is stored in it, respectively, in tanks 13, 15, 17.

 When switching a diesel power plant for operation without any atmosphere, the calculated amount of inert filler (nitrogen from tank 13) and fuel (hydrogen from tank 15) is supplied to diesel inlet 1 through mixer 8. At the end of the compression stroke, gaseous oxygen is supplied from the tank 17 through a shut-off and control valve 18 and a pressure regulator 19, under a pressure exceeding the maximum cycle pressure. The resulting combustible mixture is ignited by a glow plug located in the combustion chamber (not shown) of diesel 1. The combustion process occurs gradually, as oxygen enters the combustion chamber, and ends when hydrogen burns out.

 The exhaust gases of diesel 1, consisting of nitrogen and its oxides, unreacted oxygen, water vapor, as well as a certain amount of CO and CH, caused by the burning out of hydrocarbon lubricants entering the combustion chamber, enter reactor 2, where alkaline earth metal is simultaneously fed from hopper 4, for example magnesium.

 To oxidize the products of incomplete combustion of hydrocarbon lubricants and to maintain a stable reaction mode, a certain amount of oxygen is supplied to the reactor from the tank 17 through a shut-off-control valve 20 and a pressure regulator 21.

Reactions occur in reactor 12, resulting in the formation of solid MgO + C and gas N ₂ + H ₂ + H ₂ O phase _pairs , accompanied by the release of heat, which is used to maintain a given temperature in the reaction zone (1000-1500 K) and increase the thermodynamic gas phase potential. The solid and gas phases are separated in the separator 5. The gas phase triggers its thermodynamic potential, transferring heat to the working fluid of the Wulemier-Takonis 12 machine through the heater 6. After cooling and condensation of water vapor in the cooler 7, the gas phase, consisting of a mixture of nitrogen N ₂ and hydrogen H ₂ , sent to the engine inlet. The cooling of the gas phase in the cooler 7 is necessary to ensure the calculated filling of the diesel cylinders with a working fluid.

Water from the tank 9 by the pump 10 is injected through the valve 11 into the cylinders of the diesel engine 1 immediately before the mixture of N ₂ + H _{2 is} supplied, in order to reduce the temperature of the cylinder walls, purge the cylinders with water vapor and to reduce the concentration of NO _x in the exhaust gases of the diesel engine.

When the diesel power plant enters the operating mode, the flow of nitrogen from the tank 13, hydrogen from the tank 15 by closing the valves 14 and 16, respectively, stops, and diesel 1 continues to operate in a closed cycle at a constant composition of the working mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen (N ₂ + H ₂ ) .

Sources of information
1. Arkhipov A.M., Marfenina I.V., Mikulin E.I. Theory and calculation of cryogenic systems. - M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1978, p. 305.

 2. Description of the invention to the patent of the Russian Federation N 2013588.

 3. Oxidation of metals / Ed. J. Benard. - M.: Metallurgy, 1969 .-- T. 2, p. 314-327.

 4. Samsonov G.V., Kulik O.P., Polishchuk V.S., Production and methods of analysis of nitrides. - Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1978, p. 213-214.

 5. Mishchenko A.I. // Automotive industry, 1986, N 11, p. 8-10.

 6. Grishutin M.M., Sevastyanov A.P. Theory and calculation methods of autonomous energy refrigeration units. M .: Publishing. MPEI, 1992 .-- 240 p.

 7. RF patent N 208864, bull. N 24 from 08.27.97, the prototype.

Claims (1)

 Anaerobic combined power plant, which includes a closed loop diesel power plant with a chemical reactor, a solid phase drive of alkaline earth metal oxides and a Wulemier-Taconis machine, which is operated by the heat of the exhaust gas of a diesel engine, characterized in that it is equipped with a Stirling engine, which is operated by heat accumulated in the solid-phase storage device, wherein the storage device is connected through a heat pipe to the Stirling engine heater, which has one An electric generator, a gaseous oxidizer-oxygen circuit, a gaseous nitrogen circuit, and a hydrogen gas circuit, and hydrogen-containing fuel is generated in a closed loop diesel power plant.