JPS5955901A - Block - Google Patents

Abstract

A block for use in construction, particularly though not exclusively paving, has top and bottom surfaces one of which is a rectangle and the other of which is a square or a rectangle. In the case where the other surface is a rectangle the block has the major axes of the rectangles mutually perpendicular and has a shape at mid-height in horizontal cross-section which is substantially a square and the length of the side of said square is within the range 66% to 300% of the height of the block. In the case where the other surface is a square, the major axis of the rectangle is greater in length than the side of the square and the said square has a side of length within the range 66% to 300% of the height of the block.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to blocks for indoor and outdoor use, and primarily relates to blocks used for road paving and laying, but can also be used for other uses such as flooring. Kneel.

Parallel upper surface and F surface, ``d'' and four symmetrical pairs of diagonally extending surfaces? Proposals have been made to form tiles with Such a proposal is a UK patent number 1% + 26,02
6 (Ludwigson), and this is a British patent for $549. Dzo4 (Tilton)'s gself lμ
In particular, FIGS. 26 to 6427 refer to the S description in each case. The death of Tilton's proposal was
One assembly of two-layered rectangular blocks was constructed, and the connection with the upper layer (F layer) was cut off. Ludwigson mainly improved the connections between paving elements to make them stronger. and for this purpose, the upper part is at least one-sixth of the Glock Q) height σ and 1i-
We propose a 2-lock with 111 parts running straight.
This is true, but the rest of the Glocks are slanted '1jAlj
It has s. Suggestions for self-interlocking flooring are provided by Riensen! ill patent no. 431
．． 605, a proposal for a wall tile with niches and concealed mounting secured by elements was made by Burton Cooper in British Patent No. 551,400. None of these proposals relates to a Glock that is easy to install by unskilled personnel, has a large load capacity, and is not difficult to manufacture. The blocks disclosed herein are particularly useful for paving. When designing paving slabs or zolotsk,
The cost of the slag or block itself is not as important as the price per unit area of the pavement. In other words,
Although the production cost is low, the Glock is expensive to install, so it is not very attractive. Additionally, the cost of repairing a paved road is an important factor.

Viewed from the broadest point of view, the present invention provides a structural block having top and bottom surfaces, one of which is long sword-shaped, the other of which is square or rectangular, and where the other surface is rectangular, the Glocks can It has a rectangular main axis that is perpendicular to the other, and has a horizontal cross section at the center in the height direction. Blocks that are within the range of % to 00%, and the other surface is square *Well, the length of the main axis of the rectangle is greater than the length of one side of the square, and one side of square cedar To provide a car Glock whose length is within 66 inches and 500% of the height of the car Glock.

The present invention also provides that the structural glock includes parallel and identical rectangular top and bottom surfaces, and that the major axes of the two rectangles are mutually perpendicular to the pond and that the plane is flat. When viewed from above, each middle and ladder intersect, and the horizontal cross section at the center of the height direction is approximately square. The length of one side of the square is the height of the Glock. The length of one side of the square shall be 500% or more of the height of the Glock, and the block shall have a flat surface tile shape. If the length of one side of the square is 66% or more of the block height, Zolotsk is taller, narrower, and less efficient in the sense that it requires a relatively large number of blocks to cover a given area.

According to a 1m M embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a block in which one of the top and bottom surfaces is square, and the length of one side of the square is approximately twice the height of the Glock. Ru. In this embodiment of the invention -C, the top surface is square, and the height of the Glock is 40 degrees or 100% of the length of one side of the square.

A structural block according to another preferred embodiment of the invention comprises:
It has a rectangular top surface connected to a rectangular bottom surface by four surfaces, one pair of said four surfaces approaching upwardly and one pair of the ponds widening, i.e. approaching upwardly. There is. Their respective approach angles are preferably the same. Assuming that the top and bottom surfaces of such preferred structural blocks are horizontal, the approach angle or spread angle of each is most preferably approximately 14 degrees relative to the vertical. This angle is within the angular range of 9 degrees to 19 degrees, or more preferably llf to 17 degrees.
An angle of 1 degree, it may be within 1 degree.

In one particular, but non-limiting embodiment of the invention, the Glock has a first or top rectangular surface, and from each of its parallel like sides, the end surface is It extends at an angle of about 71 degrees to 81 degrees with respect to the first surface, and from the parallel sides,
A side surface extends at an angle of about 99 degrees to 109 degrees with respect to the first surface, and the side surface and shoulder surface connect with the end of the second or bottom rectangular surface of the Glock. All of the surfaces are very flat.

In a particular (but non-limiting) embodiment, the end surface is at an angle of approximately 76 degrees to the top surface, and the side surfaces are at an angle of approximately 104 degrees to the top surface. positioned.

The Glock is preferably (of course, but not necessarily) sized so that it can be comfortably held in one hand, which means that it can be deployed very easily and quickly. For example, the height of a Glock is approximately 2.5 inches to 4.5 inches (64 mm to 115 mm). In other words, the block is sized so that it can be held and lifted with both hands, i.e., its height is approximately 7 inches to 11 inches (17:7B to 2808cm).
). The blocks (as in other embodiments according to the invention) are of a size and weight that allow them to be mechanically moved and handled mechanically.

As yet another example of the invention, the blocks can be held in a panel by a gripping or lifting mechanism, and can be laid down as a panel by such a mechanism with handling and laying features. Such panels may be of any desired size and weight, and in particular may be so large that they can only be lifted and laid by powered mechanical equipment. In this way, it is possible to quickly cover the surface with a good load-bearing function.

In this specification, the term "bottom" is used only for simplicity and has no limiting effect, and the term "bottom" is used only for simplicity and has no limiting effect. It is used on the assumption that it is placed on a horizontal support.

The Glock according to the invention can, of course, also be used for paving sloped roads or paved roads.

Between the top surface ゛ and...1j surface and the top surface and the end surface! Although specific angles have been referred to as examples, in the present invention, the above-mentioned relationship between the height of the block and the length of one side of the square at the intermediate height, or We are not limited to using any particular angle except as required by the relationship between the lengths of the squares.

The important features of the blocks according to the invention are that they are interlocking and mutually supporting on six axes,
It serves to spread the load applied to one of the blocks to the adjacent blocks. They can be laid very quickly, easily and inexpensively to create a paved surface without the aid of skilled personnel, and the resulting paved road has an attractive appearance. There is no need for mortar, filler, grout, or other admixtures between the blocks, although such admixtures may be present between the blocks if desired in certain applications. may also be used. Since these Glocks mutually support each other by 1 m when a large load is applied on the blocks (in other words, the load is transferred to several @ contact blocks), as a base layer, the non-conformity according to the prior art A less expensive and less expensive base layer can be used than in the case of interlocking paving blocks.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention in which the top and bottom surfaces are rectangular, the length of one side of the square at the center in the height direction is from 70% to 250% of the height of the block; In a more preferred embodiment, the -
The side length is from 75 inches to 200% of said height, and in a more preferred embodiment it is dO% of said height.
It is 150%.

All or some of the Glock's edges may be rounded or m, iF+-faced if desired, to prevent sharp edges from being scraped during handling. . To minimize uneven laying of the block, it is desirable to have a sloped surface on the top edge of the block.

The invention will be better understood from the following description of non-limiting examples, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG.

The paving or construction Glock 10 shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 has first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth surfaces 12, 14, 16 degrees, and 18 degrees. 20.22. The groin is usually solid and may be cast or cast in any suitable material. For example, it may be cast in concrete, or it may be made of ceramic or clay-based materials. I can do it. Also 1
It can be cast, extruded, or formed from synthetic plastic materials or even soft metals. However, for certain applications the block may also be hollow. For convenience of explanation here), the surface 12 is called the top surface, 14 is the bottom surface, and 16.18
is called the side surface, and 20.22 is called the end surface. The end faces 20, 22
each make an angle of less than 90 degrees with respect to the top surface 12 and an angle of more than 90 degrees with respect to the bottom surface 14.

The nips 24, 26 are each at the same angle to the edge 28 of the face 22, and the end face 20 also has the same shape as the end face 22. The side surfaces, 16° 18, each form an angle of 90 degrees or more with respect to the top surface 12, and the bottom surface 14
It is the complementary angle to . Said side 16.18
have the same shape with respect to each other, and the end face 20.2
Both have the same shape (although they are reversed).

For certain applications, the side and/or four sides of the block may be dome-shaped, undulating, hollow or corrugated; in other words, these sides can be changed from a planar state. It may be a little off. Some or all sides of the block may be roughened, grooved, or non-slip surface materials, such as malleable materials such as synthetic silastic deposits, or materials that can be sprayed with sand or It may be covered with sand. The blocks may be coated with, for example, bitumen, polymer resins or sand in a suitable adhesive.

In other embodiments of the invention, the block may have a raised or recessed portion on its top surface, i.e. said top surface is largely or partially planar; It is okay even if it contains a raised part, an upwardly protruding part, or a recessed part. Such projections or depressions may be clear; rounded or dotted; conical, pyramidal, or tetrahedral. The purpose of such projections is to make the resulting pavement surface non-planar.

Although the slides of the present invention can be made to any desired size depending on their intended use, practical sizes convenient for general purpose paving use are rectangular 12.
14 about 5 inches by about 6 inches, i.e.
They are about 125 mm by about 80 mm, and their vertical distance is about 90 mm (6.5 inches).

Figure 5 shows that the paving blocks made of the original horns are simply used as a base layer (
(not shown) on top - [shows the formed paved area. Each Zorotsuk is surrounded by four Glocks, and the principal axes of the rectangular top surfaces of the four blocks are all parallel to each other, and the principal axes of the rectangular top surfaces of the blocks they surround. All degrees Celsius are perpendicular to the line. Position the Glock on both the slanted sides and ends,
They can be interlocked with each other and can transfer loads. For example, if a large load is applied to block E, its end face will transfer some of the load to block D.

Transfer to F. Similarly, if Glock C is subjected to a large load, its sloping end faces (one of which is marked 01) will transfer this load to two adjacent Glocks, and this loaded portion will be transferred by end face B1 of Glock B. Being struck by lightning. Each of the recesses (e.g., TI, T2, T3) is in the shape of an inverted pyramid and is defined by a row of glocks according to the invention, and these recesses are generally of no concern to roadway engineers. be sufficiently small; or, if desired, the cavities may be purposely filled with earth, sown with grass seeds, or filled with hard or hardened filler.

The Glock 40 shown in FIGS. 6 to 91 has a geometric shape that is approximately equivalent to the Glock portion shown in FIGS. 1 to 4. The Glock 40 has a square top surface 42, a rectangular bottom surface 44 parallel to the top surface 42,
It has a pair of identical but oppositely sloped side surfaces 46 and a pair of oppositely sloped end surfaces 48 that are also identical to each other. 7! The iJ side 46 shows that when the Glock is placed one position so that the top surface 42 and bottom surface 44 are horizontal,
The angle ranges from 9 degrees to 19 degrees with respect to the vertical direction, preferably 14 degrees or 15 degrees.

The end face 48 also forms the same angle with respect to the vertical direction when the Glock is placed horizontally. The height of the block is
It ranges from 40 inches to 100% of the length of one side of the square top surface 42, for example, from about 45% to 60%, and more preferably about half.

The long axis of the rectangular bottom surface 44 is preferably slightly longer than the length of one side of the square top surface 42, and its width (short axis)
is preferably slightly shorter. The advantage of this type of block is that the exposed surface of the pavement is smooth and continuous.
That is, the recess T1 that occurs when using the Glock according to the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIGS. 1 to 4. , T2 (see Figure 5) disappear.

FIG. 10 shows another embodiment of the structural Glock according to the invention. The block shown in FIG. 10 has a rectangular flat top surface 6o and a flat rectangular bottom surface (not numbered) whose long axis is approximately perpendicular to the long axis of the top surface 60.
and a pair of (inward) sloping sides, one of which is
2 and a pair of (outside) #4fAL end faces (
one of which is indicated by 64). The side surface 62 is at an angle of about 76 degrees, for example 7 degrees, with respect to the top surface 60.
They are located at an angle of 5 to 77 degrees. The end surface 64 is at an angle of about 104 degrees, for example 1, with respect to the top surface 60.
They are located at an angle of 06 degrees to 105 degrees. There are four flat sloped surfaces around the top surface 60, two of which are designated 66.68, and their slope angles are smaller than the top surface 60.
It is approximately 45 degrees from 0. The four edges of the top surface 6o may be rounded. Alternatively, the angle of inclination may be another angle. The purpose of such sloping or rounding is to avoid sharp edges that could become dangerous or potentially chipped off or damaged during handling.

Surface 64 (and its opposite outwardly sloped surface, unlabeled) has a pair of rigra, rz thereon. These glue! 70 and 72 each extend downward from just below the joining portion between the inclined surface 6B and the inclined end surface 64 to the lower nip of the end surface 64. The cross-section of each rig is rectangular, and although this shape was chosen for ease of fabrication, it is not essential that the rig has such a rectangular cross-section. stomach. For example, it is also possible to use a rhizo having a cross-sectional shape that is partially circular, for example semicircular. Although surfaces 64 and opposite portions each have two lips as shown, other numbers may be used if desired. The ribs serve to separate adjacent blocks from each other, allowing particulate materials such as sand or dirt to enter (or accumulate) in the gaps between them, and to provide buffering spacer material. Make it compose. The height of the rig (i.e. the length of the lip rising above the supporting surface) is approximately 6 to 7 millimeters, preferably 5 millimeters.

Preferably, the width of each rig is approximately 5 to 10% of the length of the shorter of the top or bottom side of the surface on which the reso is located, and each rig is approximately It is convenient for the city to be located at a certain length from the edge of the
Its length is about 8% to 14 inches of the length of the shorter side. That is, these dimensions a + l) r C+
d re , x, and h are preferably related to each other as follows.

a; 14% from 8q6 of X d; 14% from 8 of x b; 10% from 5 of x C: Preferably about 62 of are preferably parallel Q to each other and at a right angle to the nip 14, but may alternatively be inclined at a small angle to said right angle.

Said rig is only needed on two opposite sides of the Glock, as best seen in FIG. Become. Therefore, if the row shown in FIG. 5 is built up with the Glock shown in FIG. The rig on the side of the Glock E that can be seen will engage the invisible end face of the Glock B. Rigged and unrigged sides are arranged similarly throughout the row. In the paved area, the rigs on the placed zolocks come into contact with the neighboring glocks, so that the glocks are necessarily accurately and evenly spaced from each other.

A feature of the embodiments of FIGS. 1 to 4 of the present invention is that the pavement structure or other structure made of Glocks in the Ishitarok relationship can be constructed entirely of Glocks that have approximately the same shape. The point is that it can be done. In the case of the Glocks of the present invention, in which the top and bottom surfaces are rectangular buttons of the same shape, such blocks have rectangular surfaces 12 co-layered with rectangular surfaces 14 on each Glock, and Since it has the same shape no matter which side is facing up, it can be used with either side facing up.

Contrary to some prior art proposals, most areas of pavement can be laid with just one type of Glock, and all Glocks are nearly identical. For use in the gill P portion of a paved area, wedge-shaped blocks can be used, thus providing a vertical surface that can abut a substantially flat vertical member or restraint member.

Alternatively, the nip block can be cut to fit in a conventional manner.

Once the pavement is laid and the edges are well supported,
This paved area is extremely durable and, in most practical embodiments, will require little or no repair. Blocks according to the invention are particularly useful when laying temporary pavements, for example on muddy construction sites, and can be removed and moved elsewhere by first removing the blocks at the edge of the paved area. can be reused.

When paved roads are made with these glocks according to the invention, which have rectangular top and bottom surfaces, the blocks interlock with each other in curved and surface contact, and the shape of the glocks is such that As a result, individual blocks or groups of adjacent blocks cannot be pushed toward the center relative to the surrounding blocks (C), nor can they be removed from the center. The durability of the area increases, reducing repair costs and the cost of the base layer on which the blocks are laid.
j15 already laid (ρ), the predetermined adjacent glocks provide positioning shoulders at the intersections of a square matrix grid conceptually defined in the mid-height plane of the block. These positioning shoulders serve to accurately position the blocks sequentially without the need to use any guide devices or markers. The present invention, as specifically described herein, enables roads to be laid by relatively unskilled labor without the need for expensive on-site plants, and which enables roads to be built in undeveloped or underdeveloped areas of the world.
It will be useful.

Although previous descriptions have generally focused on "dry" paving, where blocks are laid without intermediate fillers, this is not an essential feature of the invention. For example, in certain applications, the blocks may be laid down with an intermediate filler. For example, bitumen, polymer resins, sand, or powdered fly ash can be used.

The invention can also be applied to pavements and other structures, in particular blocks according to the invention, and individual blocks, however made or constructed. ) can also be used on inclined surfaces or holding surfaces made up of blocks.

For example, in certain applications, a glock according to the invention may be formed by itself, e.g., in a suitably shaped mold defined by a framework that can be later removed if desired. It can also be formed by pouring concrete.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figure 1 is an isometric view of an example of a 1q structure made of incomplete ψ.
Δ, Figure 2, and Glock's thousand-faced split shown in 11th Δ,
Figure 6, ′! , side view 1 of the block shown in culvert 1, figure 4;'! , the 3rd block of the block shown in the 11th field:
：jiij1 made a 90 degree angle with a
Figure 5 shows the formation of the paved surface (((laid,
Iconometric 1Δ, No. 6 showing some Glocks according to the invention
;'J is the 1st page of the oil fruit of the Glock according to the present invention - 17- view, No. 7! A is a front view of the block shown in FIG. 6, and FIG. 8 is a front view of the block shown in FIG. Figure 49 is a perspective view of the block shown in Figure 6.
FIG. 10 is an isometric view of another embodiment. In the figure, 10... Glock 12... Top surface 14... Bottom surface 1
6, 1 s-mur 20, 2
2-sat r 2...Rig agent Akira Asamura

Claims (1)

[Claims] (1) In a structural Glock, one is rectangular and the other is rectangular.
The block includes a square or rectangular top and bottom surface, and the other surface is a rectangle, and the block has rectangular main axes that are perpendicular to each other and has a horizontal cross section at the center in the height direction. The shape is almost square, and the length of one side of the square is 66% to 30% of the height of the Glock.
0% and the other surface is square, the length of the main axis of the rectangle is greater than the length of one side of the square, and the length of one side of the square is Blocks whose #enemies are within the range of 66% to 600% of the height. (2) Structural Glocks additionally include parallel and substantially identical rectangular top and bottom surfaces, the principal axes of these rectangles being perpendicular to each other, and when viewed in plane, each They intersect at the center, and the shape force of the horizontal cross section at the center in the height direction is a square, and the length of one side of the square is within the range of 66 cm to 600% of the height of the block. Glock is characterized by the fact that it contains. (3) Claim 1: 0) 1 of the top and bottom surfaces
The Glock is a rectangular shape, and the length of one side of the square is approximately twice the height of one block. (4) Claim 1 (.) is a block recited in item 2, which has a rectangular top surface connected to a rectangular bottom surface by four surfaces, and one of the four surfaces. The pair approaches each other upward (70J), and the other pair spreads out, that is, approaches downward; the angle of approach and the angle of divergence are the same; in a block whose top surface is horizontal, each side is vertically Blocks located within an angle range of 16 degrees to 16 degrees. (5) A block that is similar to the block described in claims 1 to 4, and has a size that allows it to be easily held with one hand. (6)' The block according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which has dimensions that allow it to be held and lifted with both hands. (7) Feature a1 - In the self-mounted block according to any one of claims 1 to 6, one or more of the edges of the block are sloped or rounded. Glock. (8) The block according to claim 7, wherein the outer peripheral portion of the top surface is sloped or rounded. (9) The Glock according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein one pair of the side faces facing each other has a protruding rig thereon. (10)% Permissible The Glock according to claim 6, wherein the top surface is square, and the height of the Glock is 40% to 100% of the length of one side of the square.