JPS5928282A - Compressed recording method of playing data - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To decrease the quantity of music playing data, by setting a fixed length data area in response to a music tone to record the music name, the timer data on the generating time point of a music and the on-time data on the duration of a music respectively. CONSTITUTION:An event frame EF is set at the byte fixed length, and a frame EF is produced in response to the operation of a key from ON through OFF. The timer data TMD, key code KC, touch data D and on-time data OND are written into the frame EF. Both data TMD and OND are calculated in accordance with the even intervals. When the data TMD is larger than the TDMmax, a timer data extending dummy event frame EF is produced. While a key is turned off at a time point when the ONDmax passed in case the OND is larger than the ONDmax. Then the processing is carried out by judging that the key is turned on again at the same time point.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an automatic musical instrument performance device, and more particularly to a method for compressing and recording performance data for compressing and recording performance data for reproducing musical tones.

In recent years, various automatic performance devices that automatically play pianos, Kameko organs, etc. have been developed. In this type of automatic performance device, the operation bag of each key (needle) of a piano etc. is detected, performance data is created based on the detection result,
The created performance data is recorded on a magnetic tape, floppy disk, or the like. Then, automatic performance is performed based on this recorded performance data.

By the way, the performance data for the automatic performance mentioned above includes:
There is a lot of data such as data on key on/off times, key codes, keystroke strength, etc. Therefore, with conventional performance data recording methods, even for short songs, the amount of performance data is small. There is a huge problem.

For example, FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an event frame (a collection of performance data) according to a conventional performance data recording method, and in this figure, event frames IP-i and my-2 each indicate on and off of a certain key. It is a data group.

In this figure, timer data (2 bytes) is data related to key ON or OFF time, touch data (1 byte) is data related to forced key presses of key A, and byte count (1 byte) is timer data. Total number of bytes of key code (1 byte) and touch data
&), and the most significant bit (M2R) σ of the key code
l' indicates key-on, and '0'' indicates key-off. Also, the reason why a byte count is provided in this event frame EF is that when multiple keys are operated at the same time, each key is It is necessary to store both the key code and the touch data in the same event frame 1[iF, and as a result, the event frame E'F becomes variable length, so this byte count is required to read each data. Also, the reason why the byte count (B) is provided at the end of the event frame File is that in the case of data fast reversal, the data in the event frame IP is calculated based on this byte count (B). This is because it is necessary to read out.

As is clear from this figure, according to the conventional data recording method, a total of 11 bytes (88 bits) of storage area is required to record the on and off states of one key A. This need for a large amount of storage space is especially important when a magnetic tape is attached to the bottom of a sheet of music and the performance data of a piece of music is recorded on this magnetic tape. A problem arises in that it becomes impossible to record everything on the attached magnetic tape.

In view of the above-mentioned circumstances, the present invention provides a method for compressing and recording performance data that can reduce the amount of performance data for a musical piece compared to the conventional method. This data area is characterized in that timer data regarding musical tone disease, time of occurrence of musical tones, and on-time data regarding duration of musical tones are respectively recorded in this data area.

An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

Figure 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a performance data recording device to which the compression recording method according to the present invention is applied. Each is detected, performance data is created based on the detection results, and the created performance data is written onto the magnetic tape 21L attached to the lower part of the musical score 2.

That is, the piano 1 is provided with a key switch for detecting key operations and a keystroke strength detector for detecting the strength of keystrokes corresponding to each key, and the output of each key switch and each keystroke strength detector is It is supplied to the key data generator fit3. The key data generator 3 detects a key in the Zion state by scanning the output of each key switch of the piano 1, outputs the key code KO of the detected key, and also outputs the key code KO of the detected key. The output of the keystroke strength detector is encoded and output as touch data TD. Output key code KO and touch data TD
are both connected to oPυ (central processing unit N) via pass line 4.
5. The operation unit 6 includes a power switch, a recording start switch, a tape cutting switch, etc., and the output of each switch is 0 through the pass line 4.
It is supplied to PU5. ROM7 is a read-only memory, and stores a program used in optr5. RAMg is a random access memory, and has a working area used for temporary storage of various data and a data area where performance data to be written to the magnetic chip 2IL is stored. The tape writing device 9 also includes a magnetic head that writes data into the magnetic tape 2&, a drive mechanism that drives the magnetic tape 2a (score 2) at a constant speed, and converts performance data supplied via the 0PU5 into a write signal. It consists of a conversion circuit, a control circuit, etc.

OPH1 is written into the working area of the key code KO and touch data T Dt-RA M8 outputted from the key data generator 3 every time a certain period of time (for example, Am5ec) passes, and then the data written in the same working area last time is written. By comparing the key code KO and the key code KO written this time, a change in the operating state of the key (hereinafter referred to as an event) is detected, and this detection result, the key code KO in the working area, and the touch data T.D.
The event frame 1c shown in FIG. 1113 based on ? (
A collection of performance data) is created and sequentially written into the data area of RAM8. Also, when the tape write switch of the operation unit 6 is operated, a write command is sent to the tape write device 9.
At the same time, each event frame INF in the data area of the RAM 8 is sequentially supplied to the tape writing device 9. As a result, the event frame E]lr in the same data area is written to the magnetic tape 2a.

Next, event frame E? The data format and the process of creating the event frame 1Tf will be explained in detail. First, event frame E? is created corresponding to the operation of one key from on to off, and has a 5-byte structure as shown in FIG. 3, and the number of bytes is fixed. Timer data (TMI) related to the key-on time is written in the first byte, the key code KO of the key turned on is written in the second byte, and the touch corresponding to the key is written in the third byte. Data TD is written, and on-time data OND indicating the on time of the same key is written in the fourth and fifth bytes. Also,
A continuation mark K, which will be described later, is written in the MOB (most significant bit) of the second byte of the on-time data OND. Therefore, the on-time data OND is substantially represented by 15 bits.

Next, the process of creating an event frame 1nT in 0PU5 will be explained with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG.
An example will be explained in which keys I to I are operated at the timings shown in FIG. It is assumed that the operation of key A shown in FIG. 5 is an operation corresponding to the first musical tone of a piece of music.

Further, it is assumed that the RAM 8 is cleared in the initial state.

When an event (in this case, key A on) is detected at time t0 shown in FIG. 5, the process in 0PU5 proceeds to step S1 shown in FIG. 4, and determines whether the detected event is key on (key off). I can judge. In this case, the judgment result is "YBsJ," and the process proceeds to step S2. In step B2, timer data TlID is calculated. That is, the current time tL history, the last key turned on before this time 1. The time difference from the key-on time of the key that was turned on is calculated.In this example,
Key A corresponds to the first musical tone of the song, and therefore, the timer date TMD is the time from the start of recording until the key is turned on, ``ToJ''.Next, when proceeding to step S3, in step 4 Calculated timer data TM
D is the maximum value TMDmax of timer data TMD “11
---- It is determined whether the number is smaller than 11 bits (8 bits). Note that TMDmaX refers to the event frame E? shown in FIG. This is the maximum value of timer data TMD that can be written to. In this case, T o (T M D m a
x, the judgment result is [ymsJ, step S4
Proceed to. In step S4, an event frame IP corresponding to key A is stored in the data area of RAMg shown in FIG.
-1 is created.

In other words, the timer data TMD is placed at address 0 in the data area.
-To is set to 1, the key code of key A is set to address 1, and the touch data TD of key A is set to address 2. This is the time t
This is the process when an event is detected in step 1.

Next, when an event is detected again at a time point, it is determined in step S1 whether or not the key is on, as in the case described above. In this case, keys B and O are turned on at the same time, and the process therefore proceeds to step 8. In step S2, the time difference T1 between the current time t2 and the on time t1 of the last key turned on among the keys turned on before time t2 is calculated as timer data TMD. Next, proceeding to step SaX, the timer data TM
D - T is the maximum value TMI1ma of timer data TMD
It is determined whether x is smaller than υ. In this case, T (TMD
If it is set to max, the process advances to step s4. In step s4, in response to the newly turned on keys B and O, the event frame AI? -2 and IcF-3 (Fig. 6) are respectively prepared. That is, timer data TMD/H, key code of key B, and
Touch data τD of key B is written, and 10 to 1
Timer data TMD.0, key code for key 0, and touch data l'D for key 0 are written at address 3, respectively. In this case, timer data TMD-0 of event frame 11B'-3 means that the on-time of key C is the same as the on-time of key B covered by the previous event frame IP-2. do.

Next, when an event is detected at time 1, it is determined in step S1 whether or not the key is on, and in this case,
Step S because key A is off.

Proceed to. In step SF, on-time data OND indicating the on-time of the turned-off scheme is calculated. In this case, the on time of key A is the sum of the time difference T1 between time *11 t and ~t2 and the time difference T2 between time t2 and t1, so the on time data OND is rT, +T
, J are obtained. Next, when proceeding to the step town, the on-time data OND・('l', +T,) is the maximum value ONDmax of the on-time data OND "ll...II
It is determined whether or not it is smaller than J (15 bits). Here, ONDmax is the event frame I[i? shown in FIG. This means the maximum value of on-time data OND that can be written to. And in this case (T1+T,)(ON
When set to Dmax, proceed to step regret. In step S7, on-time data OND·(T□+)) is written (n) to the event frame IP-1 created in response to key A-on. In other words, address 3.4 of the data area of RAM8 (
On-time data OND·(Ti+T2) is written in FIG. 6). Next, when the process advances to step 87&, rOJ is written as a continuation mark. At this point, the event frame IP- representing the operation of key A from on to off
4 is completed.

Next, when the key B off event is detected in the timer, the process proceeds to step S1, where on-time data OMD・(T2+T,) is calculated, and then (T, -1-T, ) (If ONDm&x, proceed to step S7□ via step S6, and the on-time data OND・(T2+T,) is the event frame]1t1
r-2 (see Figure 6). At this point, the event frame F corresponding to key B! Sea 2 is completed.

Next, when a key D-on event is detected at time t5, step 8. The process also advances to step 5 through , and timer data TMD5E is calculated. In this case, the timer data TMD is the (12) time difference between the on time t2 of the key B (0) that was last turned on and the on time t of the key D, the time difference T2 between the times t2 and t3, and the time difference T2 between the times t2 and t3. t3
, t4 and time 14.1. time difference T4
The sum of (T + T, + T, ) is obtained. Next, proceeding to step S, timer data TMD・(T2+T, 10T,
) is smaller than the maximum value TMDmax of timer data TMD. Here, as shown in Figure 5, (T
2+T, +T4)) TMDmax. This means that the timer data TMD (Tf+-Tfl-T,) can be written to the event frame 1nF (oats (-
flow). In this case, step S8
Proceed to. In step S, a dummy event frame 1y-4 (FIG. 6) for timer data extension is created.

That is, "11...11" is written as timer data TMD at address 155 of RAM8, and 16
“0” is written in all addresses ~19, and here,
Key code KO.0 (assuming that there is no key corresponding to address 166).

Next, when the process advances to step S9, the timer data TMD・(T
2-1- TMDmax is subtracted from T, E', ), and the subtraction result Ta (see FIG. 5) is obtained (13). Next, proceeding to step S4, the above-mentioned subtraction result T
1 as timer data TMD, an event frame my-5 (FIG. 6) corresponding to key D is created. That is, the timer data TMD-Tu at addresses 20-222 of the data area of the RAM 8, the key code of the key D, and the touch data TD of the key p are respectively written.

Next, when the key E-on event is detected at time t6, the process proceeds to step 4 via step island, timer data TMD-T (Fig. 5) is obtained, and then the judgment result for step is If l"'ymsJ, the process advances to step s4, and an event frame 1111F-6 (FIG. 6) is created.

Next, when a key 0 off event is detected at time t7, the process advances to step s1 and the on-time data ON II - (T2+Ts+T4+T).

10T6) is calculated. Next, when proceeding to step 4, on-time data OND・(?, 10...10T,)
It is determined whether or not is smaller than ONDmax. Here, as shown in Figure 5, (T1+...10%))
Let OM DmIIx(14). This means that the on-time data 0NII・(T1
+...10T,) cannot be written to the event frame 1c7 (overflow). In this case, it is assumed that the key 0 is once turned off at time t (FIG. 1) after the elapse of the time corresponding to ONDmax, and then turned on again at the same time tp. Also, time t1. so that the music playback device can detect that key 0 is not actually turned off.
Event frame E? To the continuation mark mentioned above as "
1”. That is, if the judgment result in step B6 is 1, then proceeding to step s11, ONDm is calculated from the on-time data ρND・(T2+...10T,).
aX is subtracted, and the result of this subtraction To (FIG. 6) is determined. Next, proceeding to step S1□, the event frame I? corresponding to key 0 is displayed. -3 on-time data OND
[11...IIJ (15 pits) is written,
Also, "1" is written as the continuation mark (step S+am). Next, proceed to step 8□3, and press the key C.
An event (15) frame ICF-7 (FIG. 6) corresponding to the remaining time To is created and inserted between event frames E7-5 and 11-6.
, −ni kodai f
Eaves ÷ t In this case, event frame]]! ? The timer data TMD of -7 is equal to the time T b (='t', 10 Ts To ) between the on time t6 of the key D and the time tp, and the key code KO is the key code of the key 0. Also, touch data TD is event frame x1-
The touch data TD of 3 is the same, the on-time data OMD is TO, and the continuation mark is "
0”. The reason why event frame IP-7 is inserted between event frames IP-5 and III 11'-6 is that time t is between key D on time t and key tile on time t6. Because there is. Thereafter, the above-described process is repeated every time an event occurs.

The above is the method for compressing and recording performance data in the embodiment shown in FIG. Here, the above compression recording method can be summarized as follows.

(1) Event frame] e? Let be Labyte fixed length (
16) Ru.

(2) One for each operation from key on to key off (
In principle) the event frame I? Create.

(8) Event frame IC? has timer data TMD
Write the key code KO, touch data TD and on-time data OND.

(4) Timer data TMD and on-time data O
ND is calculated based on the event interval (T1, T2...).

(5) If the timer data TMD is larger than TMDma, create a dummy event 7 frame my (for example, IF-4) for timer data extension.

(0) If the on-time data OND is larger than QIJDm&x, it is assumed that the key is turned off when OMDm&x has elapsed, and then the key is turned on again at the same time. In this case, the continuation ff-lJ interrogates the first event frame IF.

Next, the effects of the compression recording method described above will be considered.

(17) For example, according to the recording method shown in FIG. 1 described above, a total of 11 bytes (88 bits) of storage area was required to record the operation from key on to key off. However, according to the method described above, it is possible to basically record the operation from key on to key off in a storage area of 5 pies (4 o bits). Furthermore, in the compression recording method described above, the event frame E? (F) (See Figure 1)
and byte count φ used when rewinding data)
It is possible to read data even without it. For example, when rewinding data, the timer data TMD is stored at alternate address intervals, so the timer data TMI) are sequentially read out in the reverse order of recording, and the time corresponding to each timer data TMD is reproduced as data. By counting with a clock having a shorter period than the hourly clock, it is possible to quickly rewind the data.

Next, an example of a device for reproducing performance data recorded on the magnetic tape 2a using the performance data recording device (18) shown in FIG. 2 will be briefly described. FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the playback device, and the playback device shown in this figure is a piano 12.
Solenoid 13 of key drive 11J corresponds to each key of
13. are provided, and these solenoids 13.13...
... is driven based on the performance data of the magnetic tape 2a,
It plays musical tones. That is, the magnetic tape 2a
All performance data (event blocks) are read by the tape reader 14 and stored in the RAM 16 in the control circuit 15. The control circuit 15 first reads data from the RAM 16 to the sixth
The event frame IP-1 shown in the figure is read, and the timer data TMD of the read event frame 'IP-1 is r.
Since it is ToJ, the same event frame FiF-1
The key code KO (key code of the key), the touch data TD, and the on-time f-ta OND (T□+T2) are output to the solenoid drive@path 17 after the elapse of time To. Based on the supplied key code KO and touch data TD, the solenoid drive circuit 17 drives the solenoid 13 provided on the key A with a strength corresponding to the touch data TD. As a result, a musical tone in key A is generated. After that, the solenoid drive circuit 17 receives the on-time data OND・(T
, +T2), and when this time has elapsed, the solenoid 13 of key A is turned off. on the other hand,
The control circuit 15 outputs each data of the event frame RtF-1 and at the same time, the event frame 11! II'-
2 from n1M16 and its timer data TMD-
Start measuring the time corresponding to T. Then, when that time has passed, the key code KO of event frame IP-2, touch data TD, and on-time data ON
is output to the solenoid drive circuit 17. As a result, the solenoid 13 of key B is driven, and key B is driven. Next, the event frame FtT! -3(o read,
Timer data T of this event frame IIIF-3
Since MD is rOJ, event frame E? −
3's key code YKa, p-tute data TD, and on-time data OND are immediately output.'-'Thus, key B
At approximately the same time, key (20) O is driven. Next, the control circuit 15 determines whether the event frame In? 74 and its timer data TMD (
In this case, measurement of the time corresponding to "11...11") is started. Then, when the time has elapsed, the key code KO of the event frame EF-4 and the touch data TD1 on-time data OND are output. However, in this case, since there is no key corresponding to the key code KO "(IJ), no processing is performed in the solenoid drive circuit 17. Next, the control circuit 15 reads the event frame 11?-5, The timer data TMD
-Measure the time corresponding to Ta. Then, when the time has elapsed, each data in the event frame (excluding timer data TMD) is output. This causes key D to be activated. Here, the key D is driven when a time corresponding to TMDmax+Ta has elapsed since the key C was driven. Next, the control circuit 15 reads the event frame IF-7 and sets the timer data TMD.
-Measure the time corresponding to Tb, and output each data in the event frame my-7 at the point in time (21) when the time has elapsed.

Here, as is clear from FIG. 5, the time point at which each data in event frame IP-7 is output is from when key 0 is driven to on-time data OND[11... ...11J (,15 bits)
This is the point in time when the time corresponding to has exactly passed. On the other hand, the continuation mark of the event frame IP-2 is rlJ, so the solenoid drive circuit 17 is activated by pressing the key C when the time corresponding to the on-time data OND "11...11" has elapsed. Will it be in the event frame after that without turning it off? The time corresponding to the on-time data 01JD-Tb of -7 is measured. Then, when the time has elapsed, key 0 is turned off.

In this way, each event frame shown in FIG.
! ? Based on this, the key operations shown in FIG. 3 are accurately reproduced.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the magnetic tape 2a is created based on the performance state of the piano 1, but the method according to the present invention also creates a magnetic tape 2a in the format shown in FIG. 1 (22), for example. Of course, the present invention can also be applied to the case where the magnetic tape 2a is created based on performance data written on a disk or the like.

As explained above, according to the present invention, one fixed length data area is set corresponding to one musical tone, and this data area contains the musical tone base and timer data regarding the musical tone generation time.
Since the on-time data regarding the duration of each musical tone is recorded, the amount of musical performance data can be reduced compared to the conventional method.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a diagram showing performance data recorded by a conventional data recording method, Fig. 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a data recording device that is an embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 3 is a diagram showing the configuration of a data recording device used in the same embodiment. FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing the process of creating the event frame FfF, FIG. 6 is a timing chart showing an example of key operations on the piano 1 shown in FIG.
The figure shows that each key of piano 1 is pressed (2) at the timing shown in Figure 5.
3) Event frame 'B? written to RAM8 shown in FIG. 2 when operated. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of a performance data reproducing device. 3... Key data generator, 5... Song oPU (Central Processing Unit @), 8... RAM (Random Access Memory), 9... Tape writing device, 1cIF/ Song event Frame, 'rMD...Timer data, O
ND...On-time data. (24) EF-1, EF-2

Claims (1)

[Claims] Set one fixed length data area corresponding to one musical note,
A performance data compression recording method characterized by recording musical tone names, timer data regarding the generation time of musical tones, and on-time data regarding the duration of musical tones in this data area.