JPS5923476A - Photocell - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To increase quantum efficiency of a photocell by arranging a photosensitive electrode in the inside of a light transmission part of a cell container and placing an electrolyte thin layer between the photosensitive electrode and the light transmission part of the container. CONSTITUTION:A mixture of AgX (X=halogen) and CuX is melted and casted to a plate, and the plate is rolled with a hot roller to form a photosensitive electrode 1. This electrode 1 is arranged in the inside of a light transmission part 6' of a cell container 6. A separator 3 made of an electrolyte resistant resin nonwoven fabric is placed between the electrode 1 and a counter electrode 4 obtained by applying a small quantity of platinum black to the surface of graphite. An electrolyte comprising a KX solution containing HX is impregnated in the separator 3. Recesses 7 are installed in the inside of the light transmission part 6' of the container 6, and the electrolyte is filled in the recesses to form an electrolyte thin layer. Light is irradiated from the side of the light transmission part 6' to reduce light absorption by the electrolyte and faciliate dissolution of X generating on the light incidence side in the electrolyte.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to a photovoltaic cell which is charged by light by utilizing photodecomposition of silver halide.

Structures of conventional examples and their problems Page 2 Photodecomposition of silver halide has been used in photography and photochromic glass, but there are also attempts to use it in batteries.

For example, silver halide is used as an electrolyte, a transparent electrode is provided on one side, and a graphite electrode is placed on the other side, and the halogen decomposed by the light incident through the transparent electrode is absorbed by the graphite electrode, and then generated on the transparent electrode. There has also been no attempt to make a battery by discharging it with silver. In this configuration, the cost per output image is not practical unless the thickness of the solid electrolyte is approximately 10 μm or less. In addition, if the thickness is at this level, the life is repeated several times at most, and since the rate of halogen adsorption to graphite is slow and small, there is a drawback of low doji efficiency.

10,000, an electrolytic solution consisting of a potassium halide 7 aqueous solution is filled between a photosensitive electrode containing silver halide and a counter electrode consisting of a transparent electrode containing platinum, and the electrolytic solution is passed through the counter electrode and the electrolytic solution.
Photovoltaic cells have been proposed that have a configuration in which light is incident on a photosensitive electrode.

In this battery, silver is produced on the photosensitive electrode by photolysis,
The electrolytic solution absorbs the halogen produced at the same time as a polyhalide 3-page potassium complex, and discharges using the photosensitive electrode as a negative electrode and the counter electrode as a positive electrode.

In this case, it has already been proposed that quantum efficiency can be increased by adding copper halide or sensitizing dye to the photosensitive electrode.
ing.

Since it absorbs light in the wavelength range necessary for polar photolysis, it has the disadvantage of significantly lowering quantum efficiency.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the invention is to solve the above-mentioned disadvantages, and by disposing a photosensitive electrode on the light incident side, light absorption by the electrolyte can be reduced.

Structure of the Invention The uninvented photovoltaic cell comprises a battery container having a light-transmitting portion, a photosensitive electrode containing silver halide and copper halide and disposed inside the light-transmitting portion of the container, and a distance MJn between the electrode and the photosensitive electrode. It is equipped with a platinum black, R-shaped inert electrode arranged inside the container, and an electrolytic solution consisting of an aqueous potassium halide solution filled between both electrodes, and between the photosensitive electrode and the transparent part of the battery container. It is characterized by a thin layer of electrolyte.

Here, the easiest way to form a thin layer of electrolyte between the battery container and the photosensitive electrode is to provide unevenness on the inner surface of the battery container.

The battery of the present invention includes silver produced on a photosensitive electrode by photolysis of halogen as a negative electrode active material, halogen absorbed as a polyhalide potassium complex in an electrolytic solution as a positive electrode active material,
This can be achieved by using the counter electrode as a positive electrode current collector to cause a discharge. Since the light necessary for photolysis enters from the side of the photosensitive electrode (force on the side of the photosensitive electrode), there is little light absorption by the electrolyte. Easily absorbed. Note that it is desirable that the electrolytic solution on the light incident side communicate with the electrolytic solution on the counter electrode side so that the absorbed halogen can easily diffuse to the counter electrode side.

5 pages Description of examples Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in detail with reference to Examples.

1 by melting a mixture of silver AgX and copper halide CuX
After casting into a plate with a thickness of approximately 100 µm, it is rolled with a hot roller to a thickness of approximately 100 μm. 2) The electrode lead is made by press-fitting a silver foil or wire into the electrode 1. 3. Separate and separable, made of electrolyte-resistant resin non-woven fabric. 4 is the opposite electrode, which has a trace amount of platinum black applied to the surface of graphite. 5 is the opposite lead.

6 is a battery container made of a transparent material. Lead glass and acrylic resin are preferable because they absorb less light at wavelengths necessary for photodecomposition of the photosensitive electrode. This battery container includes a photosensitive electrode 1
A portion of the portion □6' corresponding to the portion □6' may be made transparent, and the other portion may be made opaque. 7 is a recess provided on the inner surface of the portion 6' of the container to help the electrolyte come into contact with the light incident side of the photosensitive electrode 1. 8 is the sealing board.

Page 6 The electrolytic solution used is an aqueous potassium halide KX solution with a concentration of 0.1 mol/1 or more, with LH adjusted to 2 with acid HX. Here, as the halogen X, the same halogen as that of the electrode 1 is used.

Here, the photosensitive electrode 1 contains 10 mol of AgBr and Cu.
A mixture of 90 mol of Br was used, and a sensitizing dye 3,3'-diethyl-4°5,4 was placed on the light incident side.
A 0.1 mol/l aqueous solution of ',5'-cyhenzothiocyanine bromide was applied and dried.

This dye has an absorption wavelength of δ3o to 690 nm, and 64
It has a peak at 0 nm. This electrode is brought into pressure contact with the inner surface of part 6' of container 6.

Further, as the counter electrode 4, a graphite plate having a thickness of 1 mm was immersed in 0.1 mol/l H2PtCl4 and reduced with formalin to adhere platinum black. Ushita, electrolyte solution I/1.
7rH2, KBr concentration 1. An aqueous solution of o mol/'(l) was used. Acrylic resin was used for the battery container 6, and four parts 7
As a result, a groove with a pitch of 6 fins, riattm, and a depth of 1 mm was provided.

A battery having the above configuration is assembled and, as a comparative example, a battery in which no four parts are provided in the container 7 page 6 is designated as B. 1. A transparent electrode is vapor-deposited on the inner surface of the portion 6' of the battery container 6 without the four parts, and a mixture of 10 moles of AgBr and 90 moles of GuBr is vapor-deposited thereon to form a photosensitive electrode, and a transparent electrode is provided as a counter electrode. A battery used in this test and otherwise constructed in the same manner is designated as C.

For these batteries A and H, from the photosensitive electrode side,
For C, the distance from the opposite electrode is 50 cm.
The charge quantum efficiency was irradiated with a 00 W gysenon lamp to examine changes over time. The results are shown in Figure 2.

Further, when the quantum efficiency reached zero, the discharge current and flat voltage were determined while continuing irradiation, and are shown in FIG.

In the case of the uninvented battery, light is not absorbed due to the dissolution of rogens, so there is little reduction in quantum efficiency, and it is recognized that there is an effect that large current discharge is possible.

Next, a comparison will be shown when the opposite electrode of the battery is changed.

114m thick graphite plate made of PdG12 r AuC13+
A battery using a counter electrode immersed in each 0.1 mol/l aqueous solution of AgN05 and reduced with formalin to attach each metal point.

E, F, and G are batteries using graphite plates.

Figure 4 shows the results of determining the relationship between discharge current and flat voltage while continuing irradiation when the quantum efficiency reaches zero (terminal voltage of the battery reaches 1.oV). 5
The figure shows the change in terminal voltage when 100 μA/ca discharge is continued while irradiating.

The characteristics of the battery are also related to the presence or absence of a catalyst at the counter electrode.

It has been confirmed that large current discharge is possible using platinum as a catalyst, and that it is highly sustainable.

In the above example, bromine was used as the halogen X, but iodine can also be used. In addition, as a photosensitive electrode,
Not limited to mixtures of silver halide and copper halide, Rb
Other compounds such as Ag, Cu4-xIyC15y may also be used.

Effect of the invention As mentioned above, the uninvented technology has a high charging efficiency of 9 levels. A photovoltaic cell capable of discharging at a relatively large current can be obtained.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figure 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing an example of the structure of the battery of the invention, Figure 2 is a diagram showing a comparison of charging efficiency of various photovoltaic cells, Figure 3 is a diagram showing a comparison of discharge characteristics, and Figure 4 is a diagram of the opposite electrode. A diagram showing a comparison of discharge characteristics of different photovoltaic cells, and FIG. 6 is a diagram comparing changes in terminal voltage over time. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1...Photosensitive electrode, 3...Separator, 4...Counter electrode, 6...Battery container, 7.
・・・・・・Concavity. Name of agent: Patent attorney Toshio Nakao and 1 other person No. 1
Picture area <Al ¥/ '119 range map ('/,) City α4f abandonment (A) Yo Zakuji and Xuan Ward

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 0) A battery container having a light-transmitting portion, a photosensitive electrode containing copper halide and silver halide and disposed inside the light-transmitting portion of the container, and the photosensitive electrode. and a counter electrode placed in a battery container isolated from the electrodes, and an electrolytic solution consisting of an aqueous potassium chloride solution filled between the two electrodes, and between the photosensitive electrode and the light-transmitting part of the battery container. A photovoltaic cell with a thin layer of electrolyte interposed in it. (Kalpa) The photovoltaic cell according to claim 1, wherein the inner surface of the light-transmitting portion of the battery container is provided with unevenness, and an electrolytic solution is accommodated in the recessed portion.