JPS59224529A - Combustion gas thermometer for internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To take a precise analysis by guiding light emitted by a tungsten lamp for a comparison light source into a temperature sensor fitted to the cylinder head of an internal-combustion engine through an optical fiber cord. CONSTITUTION:The light from the light source enters the photo-electron multiplier tube 15 in a light source and photodetection part 22 through an optical fiber 11, lens 2, right-angled prism 12, flame measurement gap 3 which is exposed in a combustion chamber and filled with a flame, and return optical fiber cord 13. The optical fibers 11 and 13 are flexible, so the temperature sensor which is screwed in at an optional position in the combustion chamber is coupled with the photodetection part 22 easily. Consequently, a precise analysis of the combustion process of a practical engine which is impossible convertionally is taken for the 1st time.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] It is extremely difficult to record the combustion gas temperature, which fluctuates significantly over time, such as the gas temperature in the combustion chamber of a gasoline or diesel engine that rotates at high speed, on the recorder side.
II, and in particular, image recording and measurement of the time course of gas temperature at one point in the combustion chamber has hardly been done to date.

The present invention provides a new device to solve these problems as well as a method for verifying its temperature scale, making it possible for the first time to precisely analyze the combustion process of a practical engine, which was previously impossible. It has become possible, and the effect is deceptively strong.

FIG. 1 shows the principle of the combustion gas temperature assay method used in the present invention. The light emitted from the comparative light source tungsten lamp 1 is turned into a thousand lines of light by the lens 2, passes through the gap in the flame measurement section to be measured, is converged again by the lens 2', and is divided into spectra by the prism 5 of the spectrometer 4. D indicates the spectral band containing spectrum 6.

Now, if we assume that the comparison light source is a black body, the following radiant energy relationship holds true.

T1: True temperature of the light source K TB: Black body temperature of the light source K TF - Flame temperature K λD; Wavelength of D line (λD -0,589μ)E(λn
, 'l'l): λD, radiant energy of the blackbody light source entering the flame at 'l'1 E' (λD, 'l'I): λDl 'l'l K Oite radiant energy of the light bulb passing through the flame e(λn,'l'r): λD,'The radiation energy emitted by the flame at TFThe energy absorbed by the flame is E(λo, TD)-E'(λD, TI), and this absorbed energy and the flame itself If the difference in radiant energy generated by
λn, Tr) (1) The absorption rate at λD and TF of the flame is α(λD.

1゛F), then E'(λD, i'1)-E(λD, TI)(1-α(λ
D, TF)) (2) According to Kirchhoff's law, e(λD, '1'F) - α(λD, TF) E(λD,'
l'F) (3) (2) Put (3) into (1) and get -α(λn,'l'r)(E(λD, lit, )
.

E(λD, T F )] (4) Therefore, when T, >'i'p, R>0, that is, an absorption spectrum, and the D line becomes a black line.

'< 0+ '1' When H(T F, it becomes a D#jd emission line, and when 1(, = 0, the D line is reversed from the black line to the brightness IN&C. At this reversal point, the flame temperature Tv becomes the optical true temperature 1
Equal to ゛1.

If the light source is not a completely black body but a gray body as in the case of a tungsten lamp, αW(λo, TI):
(λp, l1ll) ) is also −[αW (λD, '1',)E(λn, 'l'l
) −α W(λo, ', l'l ) L(λDI
T+)(1-α(λD,'l'F))-α(λD.

Tp) E(λD, TF) - α (λp, 'l' F ) [αW (λo, '
l'l)H(λo, T weight)-E(λD, TF)]
(6) At the reversal point, i import is 0. αW(λn,T,)E(λD,TI)−JλD
.

TB)-E(λD, TF) (7) TF
-']'B-Blackbody temperature of comparison light source (8) (6) I
s) Both equations show that when the radiant energy of the comparative light source absorbed by the flame and the radiant energy emitted by the flame are equal, the flame temperature TF is equal to the blackbody temperature 'l'H of the comparative power source.

The relationship between the blackbody temperature TB of the light source and the true temperature 'l゛1 is (
7) holds, so using the approximate formula of W i e n, CI
+02 is a constant. If the blackbody temperature TR of the light source lamp is obtained by an optical pyrometer using a red filter of λR-0.665μ, then
Similar to (9), there is a difference between the true temperature TI and (8) (9) (→Yoshi-λD g n αW (λD, 'l',)]
TB, that is, Tp can be determined by correcting TR measured by the θ''O optical bulk thermometer using (11). The DC voltage of the light source lamp 1, the voltage of the source 8 is varied by the variable resistor 7, the voltage applied to the lamp at that time is read by the voltmeter 9, the relationship between V and TB is determined, and a verification curve is created in advance, which will be described later. Used to verify the temperature scale of

In Fig. 2, the light emitted from the tungsten lamp 1 for comparison light source is converted into a parallel beam by the lens 2, through the lens 2+l1, the right-angle reflector 10, and the optical fiber barcode ll'ij, and then passes through a set of jθ angle prisms. or right angle reverberatory furnace 12.1
2', passes through a condenser lens 2', an optical fiber cord 13, and a D-line filter 14, and is received by a photomultiplier tube 15.

A flame measurement gap 3 exposed within the combustion chamber whose temperature is to be measured is provided between the right angle prisms 12, 12';
Light passes through a flame layer that fills the void.

The electric output proportional to the light reception of the photomultiplier tube 15 is increased rl
>After being incremented by +iJ by device 16, data L/:
An image is displayed as an image on the I-tar 17 and/or the A-fuscilloscope 18 for a crank angle of 0.

A rotary encoder 20 connected to the rotating shaft 19 of the engine allows light to be received only during the suction and expansion strokes in the case of a four-stroke engine. In a two-cycle engine, it is not necessary to provide the rotary encoder 20, and it is used for the comparison light source energy total verification of the compression stroke.

FIG. 3(a) shows the temperature sensor 21 shown in FIG.
! Fig. 3 (I) is a longitudinal sectional view taken in a direction perpendicular to this.

The light from the light source passes through an optical fiber 11, a right-angle prism 12, a flame measurement gap 3 exposed inside the combustion chamber and filled with flame, and then a right-angle prism 12' and a condensing lens 2'. The light passes through the optical fiber cord 13 and enters the photomultiplier tube 15 in the light source and receiver 22 .

As shown in FIG. 3(b), the optical fibers 11, 13 are cooled by cooling water passing through a water cannula 23, and the cooling water enters through a cooling water inlet pipe 24 and flows out through a cooling water outlet pipe 25.

Optical fiber 11.1. Due to its flexibility, the temperature sensor 21 screwed into any position in the combustion chamber and the light receiving section 22 can be easily connected. Even if there is some energy loss in the optical fiber, there will be no errors because both the verification and light reception are compared using the same optical path 1rllL.

Figure 4 shows the temperature of the gas in the combustion chamber of a 4-stroke engine, which is recorded by this device. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing an assay method for The 41st graph (a) shows the radiation energy/crank angle diagram drawn on the second oscilloscope 18, and shows the expansion stroke when the comparison light source is cut off and only flame radiation is used.

Figures 4(b) and 4(c) show the radiant energy of the suction stroke (b) and expansion stroke (c) when using a comparative light source, respectively.
A crank angle diagram is shown, in which the suction stroke (b) shows a square wave of only the comparison light source, and the expansion stroke (c) shows the square wave of the comparison light source plus the flame radiant energy.

As mentioned above, the flame temperature TF at the reversal point where the flame radiant energy and the radiant energy of the comparison light source absorbed by fire and moxibustion are equal is equal to the blackbody temperature TB of the comparison light source in the suction stroke (1)). From this, if we find the crank angles θ1 and 02 corresponding to the two intersections of the rectangular wave and the chevron wave in diagram (c) of the expansion stroke, we can obtain the crank angles θ1 and 02 in Figure 4 (a). The flame temperature 1'p at the same θ1 and θ2 is equal to TB. Comparative light by changing the light source voltage 7) By changing the black body temperature p [J'B of the insect, it is possible to draw a temperature scale on (a) Figure output cup 1.

Figure 5 (a) shows the flame-only output curve of the ld 2-cycle engine, and (b) shows the comparison light source only in the compression stroke.
(C) shows the radiant energy or temperature/crank angle diagram of the tortoise expansion stroke of a comparison light source and flame. In this case, in the same way as before, in figure (c), the crank angles θ1 and θ2 at the intersection of the output line containing the ratio 1 modified light source and the flame are
In addition, the black body temperature r1 is determined by the compression stroke of only the comparison light source.
+B, θ1 and θ2VC in figure (a)
is equal to the flame temperature Ill FI,, ll1l B at .

1. Not shown in FIG. 4(a) or FIG. 5(,). The i1 power indicates the radiant energy of the flame, and is approximately &C',1'p
Since the temperature scale is proportional to , the temperature scale is not evenly spaced and the cylinder temperature area is wide. If it is necessary to create a scale with equal 1riJ intervals, a multiplier circuit is built into the output amplifier 16 of the optical multiplier tube 15, and an output proportional to ``1'' + . 1
Please wait until the end of the day so that you can show the signs.

The new area measurement system 4 ((・1 device 1', i
By using j) and its verification method, it has become possible to record and measure the combustion temperature of internal combustion engines of 14 degrees, which was previously impossible. There is a huge amount to improve.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figure 1 is an explanatory diagram showing the D-line reversal method used for the temperature verification of this device 1 piece sensor 21
253 (1)) is a vertical cross-sectional view showing the structure of (a), 6t iυ [plane view in the direction perpendicular to (a);
) lj: radiant energy or temperature when only hanging
Crank angle diagram, (1)) is compared, y light + li! , same as 11. Inhalation stroke when put in ji, ((d)bai)
'+;'i15 line 1~! radiant energy or warm
A crank angle fishing diagram is shown. 5th (stand 1 (2), (b), (
c) is 2cycles 4μ> 1Atl kt-Oru Same A
・■・External diagrams of various f are shown. 1. Comparative light approx. tungsten lung 2.21.21 lens 3 Flame measuring device 4. Spectrometer 5 Spectroscopic prism 6. D-ray spectrum 7. Variable resistor 8 DC rectangle, source 9. 1 o in total, right angle reflection, optical fiber bar code 12.12', right angle prism or right angle reflection 13, optical fiber cord 14, D-ray filter 15, photomultiplier tube 16, +11 device 17, data recorder 18, Otsu Silloscope 19, engine rotation shaft 20, rotary encoder 21, temperature sensor 2Z, light source and light receiving section 23, water mantle 24, cooling water vIC inlet pipe 25, cooling water outflow pipe 1'. (L) (b) Procedural amendment (method) September 9, 1980 Kazuo Wakasugi, Commissioner of the Japan Patent Office1, Indication of the case Patent Application No. 98005, filed in 19802 Title of the invention Combustion gas thermometer for internal combustion engines 4, Date of amendment order: August 10, 1982 Contents of amendment 4: Brief description of drawings Page 12, line 2 to line 7 are amended as follows: Figure 5 shows the temperature scale in a two-stroke engine. It is an explanatory diagram of a test method.

Claims (1)

[Claims] The light emitted from the tungsten lamp for comparison light source is 51! t Schilling of an internal combustion engine
After it is sent into the temperature sensor attached to the head, it passes through two right-angle prisms or right-angle reflections provided in the sensor and a gap exposed to the flame of the combustion chamber provided in the intermediate optical path between them. , the light is parallel to the incident light and in the opposite direction, guided to the light receiving section by another optical fiber cord, passed through a D-ray filter, received by a photomultiplier tube, and its electrical output is amplified. After that, it is input to a data recorder and/or an oscilloscope, and among the images recorded by these, the light source blackbody temperature is calculated for the output energy of only the comparison light source during the intake or compression stroke, which is not affected by the combustion gas. Using a pyrometer, determine the crank angle that causes a D-line reversal with respect to the blackbody temperature of this comparative light source during the combustion expansion stroke, and use this as the crank angle at the same crank angle during the combustion expansion stroke when receiving only flame radiation. Combustion gas thermometer for internal combustion engine 2 characterized by being scaled as combustion gas temperature Electrically converted so that the electrical output of a photomultiplier tube, which is proportional to the radiant energy of the flame, becomes a linear function of temperature,
A combustion gas thermometer for an internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that it draws a temperature/crank angle diagram having an equally spaced temperature scale.