JPS59213366A - Preparation of feed - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To prepare a feed having excellent flavor and high palatatility to animals, by the anaerobic fermentation of a raw material of feed composed mainly of dehydrated raw bean curd refuse, wherein the pH of the refuse is lower than a specific level and the weight ratio of the soluble nitrogen-free component to the crude protein in the refuse is higher than that of the conventional bean curd refuse. CONSTITUTION:Soybeans or defatted soybeans are extracted with an aqueous solvent preventing the long-term exposure of the beans to a temperature of >80 deg.C, preferably using a multi-stage extraction process to obtain a feed raw material composed mainly of dehydrated bean curd refuse having a pH of <=5 and a weight ratio of the nitrogen-free soluble component to the crude protein of >=1.5 (that of the normal bean curd refuse is about 1.2) (preferably having a dehydrated raw bean curd refuse content of >=80% and a water-content of >=60%), which is subjected to anaerobic fermentation to obtain the objective high-quality feed which please the milk cow, cattle, pig, etc. The addition of a small amount of a saccharine material (e.g. rice bran) or lactobacillus is effective for the vigorous and stable lactic fermentation.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for producing fermented feed containing raw okara as a main component.

Traditionally, one of the uses of raw okara is feed, but raw okara has a high moisture content and has poor storage stability.As a result, it deteriorates in 1 to 3 days, so it cannot be fed on a regular basis. There is also the inconvenience of having to consume it within a short period of time. On the other hand, feed materials with a high moisture content are fermented anaerobically to produce so-called silage, but if ordinary okara is simply left in an anaerobic state, lactic acid fermentation is difficult to occur. It has not yet been possible to convert inexpensive feed raw materials, which are mainly made from , into highly palatable feeds during storage.

Ordinary okara is also called tofu meal and has the composition shown in the following table ("Japan Standard Feed Composition Table" compiled by the Secretariat of the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Technology Society of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, published by Chuo Chikusan Zen). When extracting with an aqueous solvent, if you avoid exposing it to high temperatures as much as possible, the components of the by-product okara,
Noting that the crude protein content and the proportion of soluble nitrogen-free substances can be made considerably different from that of ordinary okara, we have developed various products based on the idea that this could be used to change good fermented feed. As a result of our research, we found that if we prepare dehydrated raw okara with a weight ratio of soluble nitrogen-free substances to crude protein of 1.5 or more and a pH of 5 or less, feed materials containing this as the main ingredient can be fermented anaerobically. They discovered that it could be converted into highly palatable feed and completed this invention.

In particular, this invention provides a feed characterized by anaerobically fermenting a feed material whose main component is dehydrated raw okara with a weight ratio of soluble nitrogen-free substances to crude protein of 1.5 or more and a pH of 5 or less. The purpose is to produce feed with high palatability at low cost.

As shown in the table above, in normal okara (tofu lees), the weight ratio of soluble nitrogen-free substances to crude protein is about 1.2, but in order to increase this ratio, soybean Alternatively, when extracting defatted soybeans with an aqueous solvent, it is most effective to use a temperature that minimizes thermal denaturation of proteins, and it is best not to expose the protein to temperatures exceeding 80°C for long periods of time. Secondaryly, if a multi-step extraction is performed in which the residue obtained by extracting soybeans or defatted soybeans with an aqueous solvent is further extracted with an aqueous solvent, the extraction rate of protein will be relatively higher than that of soluble nitrogen-free substances. This is effective in increasing the weight ratio.

If the weight ratio of soluble nitrogen-free substances to crude protein in dehydrated raw okara is lower than 1.5, lactic acid fermentation will hardly occur even if feed materials containing this as the main ingredient are placed under anaerobic conditions. ,
It is difficult to obtain fermented feed with good aroma and high palatability.

It is more preferable that the weight ratio is 2.0 or more.

The okara used in this invention is also a dehydrated product with a pH of 5 or less. When p++ is higher than this, it is difficult to obtain fermented feed with good aroma and high palatability, and it is difficult to increase dehydration efficiency. However, if the pH is too low, the cost of equipment for anti-acid treatment will be required, and if the pH is further lowered, the dehydration efficiency will deteriorate, so there is usually little benefit in lowering the pH below 4. The degree of dehydration is usually 77% or less, and such moisture content can be easily achieved using a normal dehydrator since the pH is in the range of 4 to 5. Dehydration to reduce the moisture content helps to improve shelf life, but if it takes about 4 days or more from the preparation of raw okara to the anaerobic fermentation process, heat treatment is recommended. preferable.

This heat treatment is performed at a temperature of 2.5 to 4.0% based on wet okara before dehydration.
It is best to add 5 times as much water and heat for 10 minutes or more at a temperature of 80''C or higher.This, combined with the dehydration treatment described above, has the effect of significantly improving the shelf life of raw okara.

The dehydrated raw okara thus obtained can be made into a feed material having a good aroma and high palatability by fermenting it anaerobically.

In this invention, there is no hindrance to the supplementary use of any known raw material other than dehydrated raw bean curd. In particular, adding a small amount of carbohydrate raw materials or lactic acid bacteria helps to achieve excellent and stable lactic acid fermentation. Examples of inexpensive carbohydrate raw materials include rice bran, wheat gluten, and onion corn;
Since it is generally more expensive than dehydrated raw okara, it is economical to use only a small amount. These carbohydrate raw materials can also function as moisture regulators for feed raw materials.

The preferred moisture content for feed materials to be subjected to anaerobic fermentation is approximately 60% or more; if it is less than this, the rate of lactic acid fermentation may be slow, degassing due to treading may be somewhat difficult, and abnormal fermentation such as butyric acid fermentation may occur. be. It depends on the moisture content of dehydrated raw okara, but the moisture content of dehydrated raw okara is 70~7'79?6
Within this range, the carbohydrate raw material used as the moisture adjustment agent does not need to account for at most 20% of the total raw materials. That is, there is an advantage that when a large amount of carbohydrate raw materials such as rice bran is used, the tendency of livestock fat to become so-called soft fat can be avoided.

Fermentation is carried out using the conventional method of so-called silage preparation, ie, the feed material is packed into a silo or a suitable container, deaerated as much as possible by treading or other suitable means, and stored under anaerobic conditions. The appropriate period for feeding varies depending on the season, temperature, moisture, etc., but it is approximately 15 to 30 days in summer after the start of fermentation.
Approximately 30 to 60 days is appropriate in winter.

The feed produced by the present invention is a good feed that is preferred by dairy cattle, beef cattle, pigs, and the like.

Examples of this invention will be described below.

Example 1 Add 7 parts of tap water to 1 part of low modified defatted soybean flakes,
Extraction was performed by stirring at 40°C for 50 minutes at +7.0, and 5 parts of tap water was added to the separated extraction residue, and the same <4
Extraction was performed with stirring for 10 minutes at 0°C, and 2.5 parts of water was added to the extracted residue (84% water) separated again to give a pl+4.5
The mixture was introduced into a container, heated with steam at 85° C. for 10 minutes, and then dehydrated using a screw press to obtain okara. For comparison, okara (84% moisture) immediately after production, which was a by-product in the tofu manufacturing process according to the trial decision, was used after adding water, acidifying it, heating it, and dehydrating it. These ingredients were as shown in the table below.

For each dehydrated okara, 1 part of rice bran is added to 9 parts of each to make feed raw material, and this is 200! After filling the container with 150 kg by treading pressure, cover tightly with a non-ventilated sheet.
．． It was kept in an anaerobic state for 15 days in a constant temperature room at 30°C. After the above storage, the contents were taken out and evaluated, and the following results were obtained.

In other words, the silage of this example had a pi (pi) of 3.7, a sweet and sour aroma characteristic of lactic acid fermentation, and the color tone remained bright, unchanged from when it was packed, and was judged to be a good quality silage. The comparison product had a pH of 4.3, the progress of lactic acid fermentation was slow, butyric acid was slightly detected, and the color tone changed to slightly dark brown, and was judged to be poor.

Example 2 Do not use immediately after preparing dehydrated raw okara20
A fermented feed was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that it was left open for 10 days at ℃ before use, but no spoilage occurred during storage in the open, and the fermented feed was as good as in Example 1. Met. As a comparison, dehydrated raw okara prepared from defatted soybeans was used (however, in Comparison 2, the acidification PL+ was 5.5, so the water content after dehydration was 79%,
Comparison 3 was not heated before dehydration), and when left in the open at 25°C, all of these comparisons had a putrid odor on the 4th day, and were completely fermented on the 100th day. It could not be used as a raw material for feed.

Example 3 Rice bran was added to the same dehydrated raw okara (3 days after preparation) as in Example 1 in various proportions for moisture adjustment or carbohydrate reinforcement, or was not added, and the rest was the same as in Example 1. When fermented feeds were produced, those with a ratio of 95:5 to 85:15 were of the highest quality.

Example 4 Approximately 25 pieces of dehydrated raw okara prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 were anaerobically fermented in an above-ground silo (2.5 x 2.5 x 4.01 cm) together with 500 kg of wheat gluten, a small amount of salt, and lactic acid bacteria ( The outside temperature is around 201℃). 30, pH as of date
It was a good feed, with a temperature of 3°83 and a moisture content of 77% (slightly high moisture content due to removal from the bottom). After 30 days, 6 kg per day was fed to one dairy cow for 6 days, and it was confirmed on a farm scale that the feed was well penetrated and of good quality.

■, Incident display 3. Relationship with the case of the person making the amendment Patent applicant 4, Agent 1-32-12 Higashi Mikuni, Yodoyo-ku, Osaka (■532) Tel: 06-395-2714 5. Detailed information of the invention in the specification subject to amendment Explanation column 6, Amendment details, will be amended as follows.

Claims (3)

[Claims] (1) Weight ratio of soluble nitrogen-free substances to crude protein is 1.5
As described above, the feed manufacturing method is characterized by anaerobically fermenting a feed material whose main component is dehydrated raw okara with a pH of 5 or less. (2) The moisture content of feed ingredients whose main component is dehydrated raw okara is 6
The manufacturing method according to claim (1), wherein the content is 0% or more. (3) The proportion of dehydrated raw okara in feed ingredients is 80%
The manufacturing method according to claim 11, which is the above.